Joe Corbett

Head of Technology,

Mainstream Renewable Power

The Why

Mega-Trend #1 : Exploding Population

Leaping Asia, Crouching Europe

Mega-Trend #2 : Exploding Energy Demand

Oil Price rose by 1,600 % 1997 – 2007 : will it do it again ?

In a world of 15 Billion microprocessors

Mega-Trend #3 : Democratised IT for 5 billion users

The Future is already here, only it is not evenly distributed William Gibson

Mega-Trend #4 : The Internet of Everything

1500 AD, China is #1. 2030 AD, China is #1

Mega-Trend #5 : China is Back

Power Demand Europe 2050 (Climate Foundation Road Map)

Context

Coal26%

Nuclear26%

Gas24%

Hydro15%

Wind3%

Oil3%

Biomass2%

Waste1%

Solar PVGeothermal

• Energy Security

• Sustainability

• Economic Development

• GHG Reduction

Source: IEA

Drivers for Change – Europe’s Electricity Fuel Mix (2008)

Debate?

S. & Cent. America

1%

Azerbaijan1% Kazakhstan

2%

Russian Federation

33%

Turkmenistan2%

Uzbekistan3%

Africa15%

Middle East8%

Western Europe

35%

• Remove Coal

• Nuclear Debate

• Increase Renewables

• Secure Supplies

• Invest in Transmission

Constraints

• Regulation

• Public Opposition

• Onshore Wind

• Overhead Lines

Europe Gas Sources 2010Source: BP

Offshore Wind Resource

Offshore Wind in the North Sea represents Europe’s best option

• Europe’s Power Demand

• EU27 Demand (2008): 3,200 TWh

Offshore Wind Power Available

Area considered with 5MW/Km2

North Sea: 35,700,000 MW

Mediterranean Sea: 12,500,000 MW

Total 48,200,000 MW

Equates to: 161,000 TWh

Conclusion :

Demand 3,200 TWh

Supply 161,000 TWh

Supply v Demand x 50

Mr Brian Hurley, Wind Site Evaluation Ltd.

Offshore Wind Resources in Europe

Marseilles, March 2009

Offshore Wind in the North Sea can meet Europe’s need, 50 fold

Europe’s Electricity Demand

The What

Wind50%

Solar30%

Other Renewables10%

Nuclear10%

> 80 % of Generation Capacity will be from Wind & PV

Energy Demand

Offshore Winds farms are needed to meet EU’s 2020 energy targets

Interconnection across EU, or Supergrid is vital for delivery of any 2050 scenario

EU Energy Perspective: 2050 Mix

Portfolio

Year 2020 2030 2040 2050

Total Demand -

GW

422 468 502 548

% Renewable

Sources

28% 45% 63% 80%

PN - GW 21.9 78.3 174 322

Installed Wind

Capacity - GW

50 150 330 600

DSM ≤ 1% 5% 10% 15%

Storage ≤ 1% ≤ 1% ≤ 2% ≤ 2%

“Backup” Power

from other plant,

GW

0.16 0.74 1.73 3.43

Source: Managing Future Offshore Wind Power Variability in a European Supergrid

Supergrid

• Fuel Portfolio 2050

• Internal Market

• Energy Security

• Carbon Reduction

• Studies• Climate Foundation

• Offshore Grid Study

• ENTSO-E Highways

• German Grid Plan

• NSCOGIClimate Foundation Roadmap 2050

Possible Outcomes

Business as Usual Integrated Vision

Offshore Interconnection

Cost Savings (Integrated v Radial)

•Offshore Grid Report•Save up to €21b over 25 years

•Offshore Transmission Network Feasibility Study

•NGET + CE

•Save £6.9b by 2030

Offshore Grid; Offshore Electricity Grid Infrastructure in Europe, A Techno-EconomicAssessment; 3E (coordinator); Final Report, October 2011

We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because

they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the

best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are

willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend

to win.

President John F. Kennedy - September 12, 1962

Vision

• Offshore Wind

• Solar

• Vision• Interconnection

• Demand Side Management

• Storage

Vision Drives Plans. Not Vice Versa

Fuel Portfolio

The How

Imaging the future in 1959 wasn’t easy, it is still difficult.....

The Future

Technology and Innovation

25

Bigger, better turbines are needed

Turbines will get bigger : 20 MW Floating Turbines will be viable

Source: Dr Eddie O’Connor, Mainstream Renewable Power

C & F Offshore Summit

London, April 2009

Source: Garrad Hassan

Wind Turbines

0 200 400 600 800 10000

500

1000

1500

400 kV AC line320 kV dc line

Distance in km

Po

wer

in M

W

.

Overhead Cables SubSea Cables

400 kV AC line

320 kV

DC line

Three 400 kV AC cables

Two 320 kVDC cables

75 km land cable

128 km sea cable

400 MW offshoreconverter

400 MW converter

HVDC Transmission

Cables Today

● AC Application● SCFF - 500kV / 1,200 MW● XLPE - 500kV / 1,000 MW

● DC Application● Mass-Impregnated (MI)

● 500kV / 1,600 MW Installed● 600kV / 2,200 MW Awarded

● Extruded (XLPE)● 200kV / 400 MW Installed● 320kV / 900 MW Awarded

● SCFF● AC/DC● Short Lengths

28

GIL / Storage

● Gas Insulated Lines

● AC up to 550kV

● DC in Development

● Storage

● Inertia● Small Scale at Converter

Level

● System Reserves● Medium Scale

● Flywheels/Batteries

● Large Scale

● Hydro

29

Grid Design

Friends of the Supergrid Technical Working Group

DC Breakers

•Resonance

•Power Electronics•Full Bridge Conversion

•Ballistic Breaker

•Superconductor

•Hybrid

•Plasma

Ballistic Breaker™

Roger Faulkner :Ballistic Breaker Corporation

Long Distance Transmission

•HVDC

•Overhead Lines•Permitting/Consent

•Cables (>100 Years Old)•MI = 800kV

•XLPE = 500kV

•No. Joints

•Drilling / Tunnelling

•GIL

•Elpipes

•Research

Roger Faulkner: LONG DISTANCE UNDERGROUND HVDC TRANSMISSION VIA ELPIPES (ICHVE 2010)

Baker Hughes

Technology Development (Friends of the Supergrid – Technical Working Group)

● Increased power ratings for VSC (1,000 MW at 320 kV DC)

● Demonstrators for DC side fault clearing (e.g. DC Circuit Breakers)

● DC 320 kV cables with extruded insulation in operation at different onshore and offshore projects (500 MW per cable)

● DC cables with extruded insulation >320 kV developed

● MI-PPL 600kV (1.1GW per cable) developed and higher voltages in development

● MI >500 kV cable developed

● AC GIL in operation

● Standardization work for HVDC grids in CIGRÈ, CENELEC started

Today – 2015 (Supergrid Preparation Phase)

2015 – 2020 (Supergrid Phase 1)

After 2020 (Supergrid Phase 2)

● DC cables with extruded insulation >320 kV in operation

● MI-PPL 600kV cable in operation

● MI >500kV in operation

● Development of new extruded insulation compounds for HVDC cables

● System for fast selective fault detection in HVDC networks

● DC side selective fault clearing and system reconfiguration

● Hierarchical control architecture for integrated AC and DC Grid in Europe

● Demonstrators for DC/DC Converter

● Further Development of MI and MI-PPL Cables

● HVDC cables with new extruded insulation compounds in operation

● Superconducting cables

● DC GIL

● DC/DC converter

Project Load

7000 – 10 000 tonnes

Crane Capacity

1 000 tonnes

Mr Fenno Leeuwerke, Hochtief Construction

Building at Sea and 3rd Generation of Ships

Marseilles, March 2009

Bigger, stronger Jack-up Technology

Next Generation Civil Engineering

Offshore wind Jack-up

Floating Foundations

<35m 25m-50m >45m

Monopile<35m <3.6MW

Jacket/Gravity Base25-50m, <6MW

Floating Structures>45m, 5-10MW

Floating Structures>100m, 5-10MW

Windfloat – Agucadorca, Portugal

Water Depth: 40m-50m

Distance from Shore: 5km

Vestas 2MW turbine installed and commissioned onshore

Bigger Ships for bigger loads

Mr Fenno Leeuwerke, Hochtief Construction

Building at Sea and 3rd Generation of Ships

Marseilles, March 2009

New Construction Vessels

Requirements for UK’s Offshore Plans;

• Develop two completely new ports

• One on either coast of the UK

• More than transport nodes

• Focal point for regional development

• Centres of excellence for R + D

• Training centres for technologists/technicians

• New manufacturing centres

Dr Eddie O’Connor, Mainstream Renewable Power

C & F Offshore Summit

London, April 2009

Ports and Logistics

An entirely new approach to Logistics is needed

Control and Information

SuperNode Control

AC Control & Protection

Smart Meter

Source: Sustainable Energy Horizon Panel report

Information Technology

Surveying & Modelling the Sea

Power Distribution Management

SuperNode Power Controls

Monitoring & Controlling RiskHigh Speed Wireless Comms

Wind Turbine Control Systems

The Who

Energy Bridge Context

Concept Design 1

● Two technical solutions considered:

● Concept Design 1

● Concept Design 2

● CD1 – symmetric monopole: ±320kV XLPE HVDC Cable

Any outage results in the loss of the system as a whole

Concept Design 2

● CD2 – bipole: ±600kV MI HVDC Cable

Any outage results in the loss of 50% of the system

The Results

● Base Case

● Sensitivity Analysis

● Reduction in CAPEX

● Variation of Capacity Factor (positive and negative)

● Variation of Gearing Ratio (positive and negative)

● Increase of Availability (e.g. spare trafo at site)

Line of Sight Concept Design 1 Concept Design 2

1 GW

2 GW

3 GW

4 GW

5 GW

The Results – TUoS

1 2 3 4 5

TUO

S (€

/MW

H)

LINE OF SIGHT (GW)

BASE CASE

Concept Design 1 Concept Design 2

Projects of Common Interest and SuperNode

The SuperNode Concept, developed by MainstreamCentral to Meshed Grid Design

Mainstream Initiatives

Friends of the Supergrid

SuperNode• Low Voltage Model

• Medium Power Pilot (H2020)

• TEN-E-Funding

• SuperNode Concept Design and Scale Model

PowerTube

International Bodies Working Groups

North American Path to the Creation of a Supergrid

Dr. Eddie O’ConnorCEO and Founder, Mainstream Renewable Powerwww.mainstreamrp.com

WINDPOWER 2010Dallas, TX

May 25th 2010

Inventing the Future

Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.

— Albert Einstein—

There are those who look at things the way they are, and ask why... I dream of things that never were, and ask why not?

— Robert Kennedy —

Source: Microsoft

We are on a once off transition to sustainability

Joe CorbettHead of Technology

joe.corbett@mainstreamrp.comwww.mainstreamrp.com