Engineering natural lighting experiences

Engineering Natural Lighting Experiences Emile Aarts

Engineering Natural Lighting Experiences

Emile Aarts

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Earth from outer space is beautiful

Andre Kuipers during his ISS Expedition 31/32, 2011-2012

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Earth from outer space is beautiful

Earth in a sun eclipse

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Natural light is awesome

Northern hemisphere region

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ADDITIONAL THEME: Polar light is a miracle

Natural polar light phenomenon

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At closer range artificial light is taking over

Europe at night

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Artificial light is unnatural

New York at night

City lighting can be overwhelming

8 Shanghai at night

Street lighting is sometimes poor

9 Peshawar at night

Outdoor lighting can be depressive

10 Courtesy: Google Image

Indoor lighting can be tiring and sick-making


Natural light regulates our rhythms


Natural light can be direction setting


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Disruptions in lighting

The invention of the lamp captured electronic light

• Swan in 1878 and Edison in 1879 created relatively durable electric filament lamps by means of vacuum in glass bulb

• Edison also introduced a system for electricity distribution in New York

Thomas Edison in his laboratory (1882)

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The proliferation of electric light was slow

It took more than twenty years to realize a million access points

Electric light replaced gas light only as late as 1913

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Lighting hasn’t changed much over hundred years

Early advertisement poster for Philips

Incandescent lamps are being phased out

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LEDs as a disruptive technology

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Source: OMS 2012

Solid State is the new lighting technology

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Source: Scientific American, January 2012

The new LED technology is a breakthrough

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LED technology changes the world lamps market

Source: Navigant Research, 2013 21

Source: McKinsey IMS Research, 2012

Lamps

General illumination

The world market in general lighting changes to solutions To

tal tu

rno

ver

(B€)

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The first stage is retrofit

Retro-fit LED lamps... ...are like horseless carriages.

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The next stage is

Retro-fit LED lamps... ...are like horseless carriages.

“The Liberation of Light”

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SSL introduces unprecedented opportunities

New features • Low power • Long lifetime • High color flexibility • Low temperature • Miniaturization • Embedding • Advanced control

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• Distributed Systems Control • Media Processing • End-User Programming • Computational Intelligence • Interaction Design • Experience Prototyping • Human Factors

The Lighting Business will copy the Media Business in less than 10 years

New Lighting Competences

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A new Computing Paradigm

Ambient Intelligence proliferates innovation

28 E.Aarts, R.Harwig, M.Schuurmans, 2001

2001: “Europe will spend

3.7 billion Euro

on ambient intelligence

research in 2003-2006”

IST Advisory Group

“A European strategy towards an

Ambient Intelligent environments”

IST Advisory Group

“Ambient Intelligence

From vision to reality”

IST Advisory Group On

Experience and Application Research

“Involving Users in the Design of

Ambient Intelligence”

The EU provides support

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Ambient Assisted Living is the flagship project

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Control Roadmap for the Home

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Sustainability Roadmap For the Home

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Experience@Context Experience@Lab Experience@Field

• Trend studies

• Insight generation

• Insight evaluation

• Concept definition

• Experience prototyping

• User centered design

and engineering

• Field tests

• Longitudinal studies

• Market introduction

Society Laboratory Real-Life

Experience Research is a new design approach

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Insight Gamers want to experience the ultimate sensation during their play. Solution HTML based markup language that controls physical properties of accessories during gaming including lamps, fans, and rambler giving rise to various physical effect. Benefit • Additional object control • Immersive gaming experience

AmBX provides an Ambient Experience for gamers

http://www.ambx.com/

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iCat assists living

Community site: http://www.hitech-projects.com/icat

Insight Emotions can play an essential role in feedback systems used for behavioral change and coaching. Solution Programmable open user interface robot that expresses emotions. Benefit Programmable conversational interface that support users in routinely tasks.

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Insight

I am afraid to be left alone after a fall

accident (senior). I would feel more secure

if someone would look after my parents

(children).

Solution • Auto-alert system that responds to

emergency situations • Intelligent alarm system that responds

only after fall and inactivity • Reliable fall detection service

Benefit • Positive response to over 30,000 calls

daily, with more than 720,000 subscribers using the Lifeline service in North America.

Lifeline’s AutoAlert helps senior citizens

Insight Playful interaction can stimulate and enhance learning . Solution Interactive wall that supports multi-user serious gaming applications through light effects and cognitive feedback. Benefit Faster learning in a collaborative and social setting.

NYOYN provides playfull interaction

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Interactive screens enjance the shopping experience

Insight I love to shop and value any positive experience that comes with it (customer) I would like that redecoration of my shop would be more easy (retailer). Solution • Presence aware shopping environment • Gesture control and eye-tracking • Multi-touch interaction • End-user programming interface

Benefit • Improved customer experience • Faster redecoration times • More tailored solutions

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Insights in Light

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ADDITIONAL THEME Circadian rhythms control our life cycles

24 hours sun cycle at the North Pole during summer time 41

• Cones for day and color

vision

• Rods for night vision

• Third class of

photoreceptors:

• Melanopsin-containing

ganglion cells send signals

to the biological clock

• Light can stimulated nerve

activity to affect sleep,

concentration, emotion, etc.

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Light effects the brain beyond vision

cortisol

melatonin

alertness

R.Foster, I.Provencio, D.Hudson, S.Fiske, W..d.Grip, M.Menaker, J. Comp. Physiol, 1991

Gergen, Gergen & Barton, Physiology Today, 1973

People behave different in the dark

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1. In the dark people behave different than they would in the light: They

tend to deviate from the public norm. Darkness has been shown to

increase stealing, lying, and acting more aggressively, but has also led

to more intimacy and hugging perfect strangers.

Gergen, K. J, Gergen, M. M., & Barton, W. (1973). Deviance in the dark. Psychology Today, 7, 129-

130.

Zhong, C.-B., Bohns, V. K., & Gino, F. (2010). Good lamps are the best police: Darkness increases

dishonesty and self-interested behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 311-314.

Page, R. A., & Moss, M. K. (1976). Environmental influences on aggression: The effects of

darkness and proximity of victim. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 6, 126-133.

Werth, L., Steidle, A., & Hanke, E. (2012) Getting Close in the Dark: Darkness Increases

Cooperation. Proceedings of EXPERIENCING LIGHT 2012: International Conference on the

Effects of Light on Wellbeing. Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

.

2. Social behavior can be positively effected by light; under the right

lighting conditions persons are willing to donate more money to charity

funds.

Unpublished manuscript, van 't Sant & Lakens, Eindhoven: TU/e

Insights on light and behavior

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3. People recover faster in sunny rooms; light may even save lives under

critical conditions.

Beauchemin K.M. & Hays P. (1996) Sunny hospital rooms expedite recovery from severe and refractory

depressions. Journal of Affective Disorders 40, 49–51.

Beauchemin K.M. & Hays P. (1998) Dying in the dark: sunshine, gender and outcomes in myocardial

infarction. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91, 352–354.

4. Bright daylight exposure during day-time and avoidance of light at night

• reduces stress

• seems to lower the need for pain medication

• improves sleep at night

• helps to feel more energized during the day

J.M.Walch et al. (2005), The effect of sunlight on postoperative analgesic medication usage A review of

the literature on evidence-based healthcare design, Psychosomatic Medicine 67, 156–163.

5. For several patient categories, patients staying at the sunny side of the

hospital had significantly shorter length of stay (and even lower mortality)

than those staying at the dim side

R.S.Ulrich, et al., (2008), A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design,

White Paper Series 5.

Insights on light and healing

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6. Light activates the brain even during day time, exposure to only half an

hour of bright white light makes us feel more alert and vital and

improves performance on cognitive tasks.

Smolders, K.C.H.J., de Kort, Y.A.W., & Cluitmans, P. (2012). A higher illuminance induces alertness

even during office hours: findings on subjective measures, task performance and heart rate

measures. Physiology & Behavior, 107, 7-16,

Smolders, K.C.H.J., de Kort, Y.A.W. & van den Berg, S.M. (2012), Diurnal light exposure and feelings

of vitality: Results of a field study during regular weekdays. Manuscript under review.

7. Exposure to bright white light revitalizes after exhaustion of a person’s

self-control

Esch, M., van, de Kort, Y.A.W., & Smolders (2012). Blue Energy: Investigating the replenishing effect

of Blue Spectrum Light on the amount of energy available for the Self. Eindhoven: TU/e MSc

thesis.

Insights on light and performance

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Solutions

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The Intelligent Lighting Institute in one slide

Programs • Light by Design Constructing effective light patterns and distributions • Brilliant Streets Intelligence-based ultra-high efficient road lighting • Sound Lighting Effects of (natural) lighting on health and well-being • No Switches Allowed New lighting interaction paradigms • Open Light Creative lighting solutions

Stakeholders

• Applied Physics

• Built Environment

• Electrical Engineering

• Industrial Design

• Industrial Engineering & Innovation

Science

• Mathematics & Computer Science

Philips Research

Philips Lighting

Approach

• Multidisciplinary and multifunctional • Exploring intelligent lighting solutions • Concept driven and evidence based • Human centric real-life test beds

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ILI explores new venues

Mission • Create a scientific community of practice dedicated to intelligent lighting

solutions with a scientific and application-based approach

• Establish partnerships with stakeholders in the public-private field

• Apply a multidisciplinary and multifunctional approach, concept driven and evidence based

• Realize human centric real-life test beds

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http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=AHeKRp69LU84wM&tbnid=WVdW7G67sGzQbM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.tue.nl/onderzoek/kolom-2/onderzoeksinstituten/intelligent-lighting/&ei=CxoQUZjjKcWxywH8mICQAQ&bvm=bv.41867550,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFfVeH_p3_P6M4gAqKEouTPIi6Ylg&ust=1360096132745782

Lighting distributions and patterns

Context/insight The human eye can integrate spatio-temporal digital light distributions Achievements Non-imaging optics design that generates uniformly distributed beam patterns that closely resemble that natural spot lights Digital control algorithms that render smooth spatio-temporal light patterns through color changes among discrete

levels

Partners Philips

51 Courtesy: Corien Prins, Dragan Sekulovski, 2013

Colorizer

Colorize

Spring

Apply

Apps control lighting

52 Courtesy: Dragan Sekulovski, 2013

0.95

0.05

0.92 0.85 0.99 0.93

0.07 0.06

0.02 0.12 0.01

0.03

Digital control of spatio-temporal transitions

53 Courtesy: Dragan Sekulovski, 2013

Distributed control of in-door settings

54 Courtesy: ILI Lightlab, 2013

Context/insight Peoples’ perception and acceptance of light change over day Achievement Design and validation of 4-phase lighting scenario for bicycle paths and corresponding stakeholder acceptance testing Partners LuxLab, Philips, Municipality Eindhoven

Determining optimal out-door lighting conditions

55 Courtesy: Ellen de Vries, Elke den Ouden, 2012

‘Moonlight-like’ lighting increases perception of comfort and safety in rural urban areas


Illumination of a bicycle path in an ecological zone

A stakeholder approach in a Living Lab setting

Zilverackers

Commuters, e.g. schoolchildren

5 lux

Similar to regular bicycle path lighting

Animals & plants, and e.g. athletes

3,5 lux

Dimmed at colour that is less disturbing

for animals and still highly visibility for

humans

Wildlife, and occasional cyclists

0,5 lux

‘Moonlight-like’ light

Commuters, e.g. schoolchildren

7 lux

Extra bright to increase alertness of cyclists


Bright amber Bright white

Dimmed white Dimmed amber

Evaluating lighting conditions under different settings


Test results – Feeling of safety and

comfort tests Can you indicate how you feel at this moment:

Comfortable Uncomfortable ✗ 100 0

wide view

Safe Unsafe ✗ 100 0

associated with

unpleasant

areas

High scores for ‘Moonlight-like’ setting

Evidence based testing yields significant differences


Light festivals are an intriguing playground

Context/insight Major interactive indoor and outdoor light design installation featuring and exposing new lighting concepts to a broader audience Achievement Interactive festival installations Partners Municipalities of Amsterdam, Ankara, Beijing, Eindhoven, Gent, and Pisa

60 Courtesy: Rombout Frieling, 2013

“Flumens” commemorates Dutch sailing history


Distributed self-powering LEDS form a sail


Rural Spark brings light to India

Context/insight 400 million people have no access to electricity and have a need to educate themselves. Achievement Deployment of solar-powered lamps in communities in the rural parts of India through the development of micro-economic business models for self-support Partners Indian Development Board, Cofely,

63 Courtesy: Marcel van Heist, 2013

Villages develop a light community


Locals build their own LED lamps


Power is a new trading asset


Adaptive healing rooms improve patient recovery

Context/insight Lighting conditions can improve recovery of patients in hospitals Achievement An ambient intelligent patient room that supports the patient and family, staff and specialists in their individual roles to monitor, treat and recover from stroke with the purpose • To improve clinical outcomes for the

patient • To support the clinical staff in

managing stroke care Partners Philips

67 Courtesy: Elke Daemen, Evert van Loenen, 2012

Ambient intelligent rooms adapt to the recovery process


Context research reveals multi-stakeholder issues

Contextual inquiry studies

• Visits to two hospitals for 5 days, 24/7

• Shadowing patients, family and staff

• Observation and interviewing

E. Daemen, R. Cuppen, I. Flinsenberg, E. van Loenen, and R. Rajae-Joordens, Contextual research for healing patient rooms design: patient experience flow studies in neurology departments, Proc. Design4Health 2011, Sheffield Hallam University, 95-109 (2011)

Disorientation

• Disorientation due to insufficient or

unrecognized time and location cues

Insufficient daylight or (nature) views

• In beds further away from window

• In rooms viewing building walls or viewing

inside hospital


The patient room adapts to daily rhythm atmospheres

Goal

• Provide supplementary virtual daylight

and nature views

• Improve orientation and daily rhythm

07:30 // Waking up 10:00 // Clinical care 20:00 // Going to bed

E. Daemen, S. Behere, R. Cuppen, J. Facey, I. Flinsenberg, E. van Loenen and R. Rajae-Joordens, Creating an adaptive healing room for neurology patients, World Health Design Jan.2013, 72-77 (2013)

Implementation

• Novel Artificial Skylight: provides sunny

white light, yet blue sky view

• Patient wall with virtual nature views

• Patient wall and Skylight offer carefully

designed daily rhythm


ILI Reference Model for Sustainable Urban

Lighting

Achievement Tool to support cities in the transition to sustainable lighting Current status: pilot to support benchmark of best practices in ten European cities Context/insight Procurement development in city lighting with the aim on social return and increased social safety Partners Municipalities of Eindhoven, Amsterdam, and The Hague, Philips

Street lighting reference models support innovation

71 Courtesy: Elke den Ouden, Rianne Valkenburg, 2012

Roadmaps are useful tools an a multi-stakeholder approach


The digitisation of lighting creates a revolution in the lighting industry

…

The digital media revolution also applies to lighting


Innovation in quadruple helix & living labs

Guarding public interest: improving quality of life

System architecture

Structure innovation Development of infrastructure for connectivity

Infrastructure

Open data Gathering, analyzing and providing data

Data

System innovation Development of modules and standard interfaces

Devices

Services Social innovation Development of meaningful services

Technology enablers

Applications and services

New business models are investigated

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“No Switches” becomes a reality

Context/insight Light can be controlled intuitively by using tangible interaction concepts Achievement Market introduction interactive touch-enabled lamp Fonkel 1. PhD project that led to commercialization of an interactive lamp concept using STW valorization grant Partners Fonckel, InnovationLab, STW

75 Courtesy: Philip Ross, 2012

We can paint any desired natural light condition

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Engineering natural lighting experiences

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