Engineering materials & Structure property

by:-1) Pratik surani(140070125030) 2) vikram shiyal(140070125029)Guided by:-Mr.amit trivedi

Engineering materials

Basic engineering

materials

Advance engineering

materials

Basic engineering materials

• Metals & Alloys• Cerimic• Polymers

• Good thermal and electrical conductivity

• Relatively high melting point• Shining when polished• Ductility• Hardness• Weldability• Strength• Castability• toughness

1) Metals & Alloys

Metals

Ferrous metals• Containing iron as their

primary elements• E.g. pig iron , wrought iron,

steels etc.

Non ferrous metals• Not containing iron as

primary elements• E.g. copper, aluminum,

tin ,gold,etc.

Engineering Materials

Metals

Ferrous

Iron

Steel

Pig iron

Cast iron

Wrought iron

Non-Ferrous

Copper & Alloys

Aluminium

Zinc

Tin

Lead

Non-Metals

Rubber

Plastics

Resin

Applications of metals & alloys

• Majority of components depending upon their applications like…..

• Wires or rope• Shaft• Engine and piston• Turbine blade • Shafts• Gear• Parts of machine And many more applications …………

Ceramic

• Compounds of metallic or non metallic elements such as SiC,BaTiO3,siO2 ,etc.

• They are usually oxides,nitrides,carbides or silicates of various metals

• Rock & clay are natural ceramics• Inorganic, non metallic solids which used at

high temperatures

Characteristics of ceramics

• Extremely hard• Brittle• Poor elasticity• Resistant to high temperature• Insulative to electric current• Chemically inert• Non-transparent• High Temperature Strength• Non-crystalline

Ceramic

Example of ceramic• Sand• Brick• Glass• Cement• Concrete• Silicone Carbide• Tungsten Carbide• Abrasive

Application of Ceramic• As a cutting tool tip• Refractory Bricks In Lining of furnace• Ladders• Insulators of electric lines• Lining of cement mixtures

Polymers

• These are carbon compounds.• They chemically consist of carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen or other non-metalic elements bonded by strong covalent bonds

• Solid of long molecular chain• They can be natural, synthetic or

manufactured

Characteristics of Polymers

• Light weight(low density)• Soft• Flammable• Flexible• Poor conductor of heat and electricity• Poor resistance to temperature• Low melting points• Good Mould ability• Degradable due to radiation

Polymers

Example• Plastic(PVC,PUF,ABS,ETC.)• Rubber• Fuels• Oils• Paints• Textiles(cotton & nylon)• Adhesives• Wood• Urea

Application• Insulator in electric application• As fuels• Refrigerant in Refrigerators• Lubricant• Protection against corrosion• Providing good appearance to

products• Rubber gasket for

leakproofness• Tubes and tires

Advance Engineering Materials

• Composites• Semiconductors• Bio-materials

Composites• Definitions: A multiphase material artificially made to

obtain certain set of properties which will not be provided by individual constituent phase or material.

• Combination of more than one type of engineering materials.

• Produced by combining 2 or 3 basic engineering materials.• Show a combination of best properties of each

component material mix together.• Provide unlimited strength , stiffness and corrosion

resistance.

Examples of compsite

• RCC (reinforced cement concreat)• Dispersion hardended alloys • Frp(fibre reinforced plastics)• Crp(carbon reinforced plastics)• Vinyle-coated steel (teflon)• Fiber glass

Semiconductors

• Electric conductivity intermediate between those of conductors and insulators

• Electric property are highly dependent on presence of impurity atoms or holes

Semiconductor

Examples• GAP• AlSb• InP• GaAs

Application • Photon cell• LED• Transistor• Diode• Amplifier

Bio Materials

• Definition: Material which are used for structural application in the medical field are known as bio material

• These material should not produce any toxic effect in body tissues.

Applications

• Use as component to be implement in human or animal body for replacement of damaged or diseased body part

• Orthopedic (bone repairing)• Dental arch wires• Micro-surgical instruments• Blood colt filter• Guide wires

Structure-Property-Performance Relationship

ProcessingStructurePropertiesPerformance

Structure-Property-Performance Relationship

• Properties of materials originate due to internal structure

• e-,p+,n0 these affect the property of materials• Property means behavior/Reaction of material against

external stimuli• Structure depends on how it is processed and

material’s performance will be a function on its properties

• Thus, the inter relationship among processing, structure, properties and performance is linear