Engineering Grammer

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CHAPTER 26. PREPOSITIONS

#e words at' in' of' onand toare e%amples o! prepositions( A word suc as a noun' pronoun

or gerund !ollowing a preposition is said to be te objeto! te preposition( As pointed out

pre)iously' a personal pronoun !ollowing a preposition must be in te objecti)e case(

A prase beginning wit a preposition can be re!erred to as a !re!ositional !hrase( #e

prepositional prases in te !ollowing e%amples are underlined(

e(g( He owns te ouse on te corner(

We are waiting !or er(

Se as read many books about !lying(

$n te !irst e%ample' te noun orneris te object o! te preposition on( $n te second

e%ample' te personal pronoun heris te object o! te preposition for( $t can be seen tat te

personal pronoun heris in te objecti)e case( $n te tird e%ample' te gerund fl"ingis te

object o! te preposition abo#t(

A preposition ser)es to connect its object wit te rest o! a sentence( $n doing so' a

preposition indicates te relationsip o! te idea e%pressed in te prepositional prase to te

ideas e%pressed $n te rest o! te sentence(

*or instance in te sentence He o$ns the ho#se on the orner' te preposition onindicates

tat te words the ornere%press te location o! te ouse re!erred to in te rest o! te

sentence( Similarly' in te sentence %e are $aiting for her' te preposition forindicates tat

te word here%presses te reason !or te action o! waiting re!erred to in te rest o! te

sentence(

Altoug tere are !ewer tan one undred Englis prepositions' altoug prepositions do not

take endings' and altoug te structure o! most prepositional prases is simple' te use o!

Englis prepositions is )ery comple%( #e reasons !or tis are tat most prepositions a)e

more tan one meaning' many prepositions can also be used as ad)erbs' prepositions are used

in undreds o! idioms' many adjecti)es' nouns' and )erbs must usually be !ollowed by certain

prepositions' and tere are undreds o! prasal )erbs !ormed !rom combinations o! )erbs wit

ad)erbs and prepositions(

$t sould also be noted tat te use o! prepositions )aries somewat among te di!!erent

dialects o! Englis( *or instance' as illustrated in te !ollowing e%ample' tere are some

di!!erences between +ritis and &ort American Englis in te use o! prepositions(

e(g( +ritis ,sage: #ere is a !ence abo#tte garden(
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American ,sage: #ere is a !ence aro#n&te garden(

#e discussion below empasi-es te &ort American usage o! Englis prepositions(

'. The meanings of !re!ositions

#e table below gi)es te most usual meanings o! Englis prepositions( Eac meaning is

illustrated by an e%ample(

Abo#t

.( /n te subject o!: #is is a story abo#telepants(

0( Appro%imately: He is abo#tten years old(

Abo(e .( Higer tan1 o)er: #e plane !lew abo(ete clouds(

0( Earlier on a page: #ere is a eading abo(eeac diagram(

Aross

.( *rom one side to te oter: We walked arosste !ield(

0( /n te oter side o!: #ere is a store arosste street(

After

.( 2ater in time: afterten o3clock1 afterlunc

0( 2ater in a series: 4 comes afterP in te alpabet(

5( $n pursuit o!: #e dog ran afterte cat(

Against

.( $n opposition to: #e!t is againstte law(

0( #oucing1 supported by: $ leaned my bicycle againstte wall(

Along

.( *ollowing te lengt o!: We walked alongte road(

Among

.( Witin a group: #e money was sared amongtree people(

Note)$n !ormal Englis' amongis usually used only wen re!erring to more tan two persons

or tings( $n contrast' bet$eenis used wen re!erring to two persons or tings(

Aro#n&

.( Circling someting: We walked aro#n&te block(

0( Surrounding: #ere is a !ence aro#n&te garden(

5( $n di!!erent parts o!: $ looked aro#n&te ouse !or te keys(

6( $n te oter direction: We turned aro#n&and went back ome(

7( Appro%imately: He is aro#n&si% !eet tall(

At


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.( A speci!ic location: at05 Cestnut Street1 atte park

0( A point in time: at7 o3clock1 atCristmas

5( A condition: atpeace1 atwar1 atrest

6( An acti)ity: atwork1 atscool1 atplay

7( #owards: 2ook atsomeone1 wa)e atsomeone

Note: Wen re!erring to a speci!ic location or to a point in time' atis usually used( Wen

re!erring to a certain street or a certain day' onis usually used( Wen re!erring to a location as

an area' or wen re!erring to a unit o! time longer tan a day' inis usually used(

e(g( atCristmas1 onCristmas day1 inte Cristmas olidays

*efore

.( Earlier in time: beforetwo o3clock1 beforeCristmas

0( Earlier in a series: S comes before# in te alpabet(

*ehin&

.( At te back o!: #e little girl id behin&er moter( 0( 2ate: $ am behin&in my work(

5( Cause1 origin: Wo was behin&tat idea8

*elo$

.( 2ower tan1 under: belo$!ree-ing1 belo$sea le)el

0( 2ater on a page: *ootnotes are pro)ided belo$te te%t(

*eneath

.( 2ower tan1 below: beneathte eart

*esi&e

.( &e%t to1 at te side o!: $ sit besi&eer in class(

*esi&es

.( Also1 as well as: We study oter languages besi&esEnglis(

Notete di!!ering meanings o! besi&eand besi&es( *esi&eis usually used wit re!erence to a

pysical location(

*et$een

.( An intermediate location: #oronto lies bet$eenMontreal and 9ancou)er( 0( An intermediate time: bet$eenCristmas and &ew ear3s ;ay

5( $ntermediate in a series: + comes bet$eenA and C in te alpabet(

6( An intermediate amount: bet$een!i)e and ten people

7( Witin a group o! two: #e money was sared bet$eentwo people(

*e"on&

.( *arter tan: #e mountains lie be"on&te ori-on(

0( *urter tan1 e%ceeding: #at was be"on&my e%pectations(

*#t

.( E%cept: $ a)e read all b#tte last capter(


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Note)*#tis used more o!ten as a conjunction tan as a preposition(

*"

.( &ear: a ouse b"te sea

0( Past: He wa)ed as e dro)e b"te ouse(

5( &ot later tan: #ry to !inis te work b"ne%t week( 6( $n units o!: ceaper b"te do-en1 sold b"weigt

7( #roug te means o!: tra)el b"plane1 written b"im

Note)*"is o!ten used in combination wit )erbs in te Passi)e 9oice(

Conerning

.( Connected wit1 about: He studies e)eryting onerningtrees(

+es!ite

.( $n spite o!: We walked downtown &es!itete rain(

+o$n

.( #o a lower position: #e ball rolled &o$nte ill(

0( *urter along: He li)es &o$nte street(

+#ring

.( #rougout a period: Se works ringte day(

0( Sometime witin a period: An accident occurred ringte nigt(

E,e!t

.( &ot including: $ a)e )isited e)eryone e,e!tim(

-or

.( ;uration o! time: We walked fortwo ours(

0( ;istance: $ walked for!i)e kilometers(

5( Purpose: $ bougt tis jacket foryou(

6( $n te direction o!: Se le!t for&ew ork(

7( $n !a)or o!: We are forte proposal(


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?( A member o!: He is inte orcestra1 inte na)y

@( Wearing: te boy inte blue sirt

>( Wit re!erence to: lacking inideas1 ric inoil

Insi&e

.( Witin: #ey are insi&ete ouse(

Into

.( #o te inside o!: We stepped intote room(

0( Cange o! condition: #e boy canged intoa man(

i/e

.( esembling: #at looks li/eim(

0( Appearing possible: $t looks li/erain(

5( +e in a suitable mood !or: $ !eel li/egoing swimming(

0in#s .( 2ess: #ree min#stwo eBuals one(

Near

.( Close to: nearte scool1 nearte ocean

Of

.( 2ocation: east ofere1 te middle ofte road

0( Possession: a !riend ofmine1 te sound ofmusic

5( Part o! a group: one ofus1 a member ofte team

6( Measurement: a cup ofmilk1 two meters ofsnow

Off

.( &ot on1 away !rom: Please keep offte grass(

0( At some distance !rom: #ere are islands offte coast(

On

.( #oucing te sur!ace o!: onte table1 onte wall

0( A certain day: #at appened onSunday' onte


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6( Material: #e bridge is made o#t ofsteel(

7( +eyond: o#t ofcontrol1 o#t ofdanger

O#tsi&e

.( /n te outer side o!: o#tsi&ete ouse

0( +eyond te limits o!: o#tsi&emy e%perience

O(er

.( Abo)e1 iger tan: #ere are cupboards o(erte sink(

0( Co)ering: We spread an e%tra blanket o(erte bed(

5( Across: $ jumped o(era puddle(

6( More tan: $t cost o(erten dollars1 it took o(eran our

7( ;uring: $ saw im se)eral times o(erte past week(


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usually used(

To

.( $n te direction o!: #urn tote rigt(

0( ;estination: $ am going toome(

5( ,ntil: !rom Monday to*riday1 !i)e minutes toten 6( Compared wit: #ey pre!er ockey tosoccer(

7( Wit indirect object: Please gi)e it tome(


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7( +ecause o!: We were paraly-ed $ith!ear(

%ithin

.( $nside o!: $ithintwenty minutes1 $ithinone kilometer

%itho#t .( &ot a)ing: ;o not lea)e $itho#tyour coat1 $itho#tmoney

See E%ercises .and0(

2. Pre!ositions #se& in i&ioms

+elow are e%amples o! idioms consisting o! prepositional prases( #e !ollowing selection o!

idioms empasi-es tose used in &ort American Englis( #e meaning o! eac idiom isindicated a!ter te colon(

At

not atall) not in any way

atall times) always

atany rate) wate)er appens

keep someone atarm3s lengt) a)oid becoming closely in)ol)ed wit someone

atclose Buarters) )ery near

atone3s disposal) to be used as one wises

ata distance) not near

at!ault) causing someting wrong

at!irst) at te beginning

see ata glance) see immediately

atand) near1 readily a)ailable

atlast) !inally' a!ter some delay

ata loss) uncertain wat to do or say

atte mercy o!) witout de!ense against

atte moment) now

atonce) immediately

atpresent) now

atrest) not mo)ing atrisk) treatened by danger or loss

atsort notice) wit little warning

atstake) to be won or lost

ata stretc) continuously

attat rate) under tose circumstances

attis point) at tis place1 at tis moment

atte weel) in control

*ehin&

behin&te scenes) Do! persons in!luencing e)ents secretly1 Din a teater beind te stage

behin&scedule) not on time
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*esi&e

be besi&eonesel!) lose one3s sel!Fcontrol

besi&ete point) irrele)ant

*et$een

read bet$eente lines) deduce a meaning tat is not actually e%pressed

*e"on&

be"on&elp) unable to be elped

be"on&a joke) too annoying to be amusing

be"on&reproac) per!ect1 blameless

*"

b"accident) not deliberately

b"all means) by any possible metod

bit b"bit) gradually

b"cance) by accident1 witout planning b"courtesy o!) wit te elp or permission o!

win b"de!ault) win because o! lack o! competition

b"degrees) gradually

per!orm b"ear) per!orm Dmusic by listening to te sound' witout re!erring to written

music

b"and) witout te use o! macinery

b"eart) !rom memory

little b"little) gradually

b"means o!) by using

b"mistake) accidentally

b"no means) not at all

one b"one) one at a time

b"onesel!) alone

side b"side) beside one anoter

b"te way) incidentally Dused to introduce an unrelated topic o! con)ersation

b"word o! mout) orally

-or

once and forall) !or te last time De(g( used wen gi)ing someone a !inal warning

forcertain) de!initely1 witout doubt

fora cange) !or te sake o! )ariety fore%ample) as an illustration

for!un) !or te sake o! enjoyment

forgood) permanently

forgood measure) in addition to te necessary amount

forinstance) !or e%ample1 as an illustration

forkeeps) DcolloBuial permanently

fora li)ing) as a pro!ession

fornow) temporarily

run foro!!ice) compete !or an elected position

forone ting) because o! one reason Dout o! se)eral

forte sake o!) !or te bene!it o!1 !or te purpose o! forsale) intended to be sold


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forsure) de!initely Dmore colloBuial tan for ertain

!ood fortougt) someting wic makes one tink

play fortime) delay doing someting in te ope tat te situation will impro)e

forte time being) until some oter arrangement is made

ask fortrouble) act in a dangerous or !oolis way

fora wile) !or a period o! time word forword) e%actly as said or written

-rom

froma!ar) !rom a distance

fromall sides) !rom all directions

fromead to !oot) Do! a person completely1 all o)er

fromscratc) !rom te beginning

fromtime to time) occasionally

In

inaddition to) as well as inad)ance) be!ore

be inagreement wit) a)e te same opinion as

inany case) wate)er appens

inbrie!) in a !ew words

inbulk) Do! goods in large amounts1 not in packages

be incarge o!) a)e responsibility !or

incommon) sared by all members o! a group

incontrol) a)ing te power to direct someting

inte course o!) during

indanger) likely to be armed

ina da-e) unable to tink clearly1 con!used

indebt) owing money

indemand) Do! goods or persons desired by many people

indept) Din)estigate someting torougly

indetail) De%plain someting torougly

indisgrace) regarded wit disappro)al because o! a)ing done someting wrong

inte distance) !ar away

indoubt) uncertain

induplicate) so tat tere are two identical copies Do! a document

inearnest) seriously1 in a determined way

ine!!ect) Do! rules operating inte end) !inally

in!act) in reality1 really

in!asion) !asionable1 accepted as being te most desirable and up to date

in!a)or o!) supporting Dan idea

in!lames) burning' wit )isible !lames

ina !las) )ery Buickly1 suddenly

in!ull) witout omitting anyting

ingeneral) usually1 as a wole

and inand) Do! persons olding ands1 Do! related situations occurring togeter

ina urry) trying to accomplis someting Buickly

injest) as a joke inkind) Dpayment in goods rater tan in money


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initsel!) witout re!erence to anyting else

inleague wit) Do! persons joined togeter wit Dusually !or a disonest purpose

be inte limeligt) be te !ocus o! attention1 recei)e great publicity

inte long run) in te end1 e)entually

inte long term) looking aead to te distant !uture

lea)e someone inte lurc) abandon someone wo is in a di!!icult situation be inte minority) be in te smaller o! two groups

inmint condition) Do! manu!actured goods per!ect1 brandFnew

ina minute) soon

ina moment) soon1 Buickly

set someting inmotion) start someting going

nip someting inte bud) put an end to someting be!ore it gets properly started

inno time) )ery soon1 )ery Buickly

inorder o!) arranged according to

inorder to) !or te purpose o!

inpart) to some degree

inparticular) especially inpower) Do! a political party olding o!!ice

inpractice) able to do someting well because o! recent practice1 in reality Dopposite o! in

teory

inprint) Do! a book printed and a)ailable !rom te publiser

inpri)ate) not in !ront o! oter people

inpublic) openly1 not in pri)ate

inreality) really

inreser)e) sa)ed !or later use

inretrospect) looking back o)er past e)ents

inreturn !or) as repayment !or

be inte rigt) be correct

inseason) Do! !ruit or )egetables readily a)ailable at tat time o! year

ina second) soon1 Buickly

insort supply) scarce1 not easily obtainable

insigt) able to be seen

instock) Do! goods at a store present and a)ailable

intat case) i! tat is true

inteory) ideally1 according to teoretical considerations

be intime) not be late

intouc wit in) communication wit1 in!ormed about

intriplicate) so tat tere are tree identical copies Do! a document be introuble) be in a di!!icult situation1 be blamed or punised !or doing someting wrong

intune) at te correct pitc

act inunison) act togeter

in)ain) witout success

inte )icinity o!) near

once ina wile) occasionally

inwords o! one syllable) De%plain someting clearly and simply

inworking order) able to !unction properly

inte wrong) responsible !or an error1 guilty

Insi&e insi&eout) wit te inner side out1 torougly


12/21

Into

paint onesel! intoa corner) take a course o! action wic greatly narrows one3s !uture

coices o! action

go intoiding) ide onesel!

get intoa rut) get into a !i%ed and uninteresting way o! li!e get intotrouble) get into a di!!icult situation1 do someting deser)ing blame or punisment

Of

ofcourse) certainly1 as one would e%pect1 as e)eryone knows

ard ofearing) somewat dea!

ne%t ofkin) nearest relati)e or relati)es

ofone3s own accord) )oluntarily1 on one3s own initiati)e

ofone3s own !ree will) )oluntarily1 by coice

one3s point of)iew) one3s opinion about someting

rigt ofway) public rigt to use a pat or road1 Do! road tra!!ic rigt to proceed be!ore

oters rule oftumb) a simple way to calculate wat procedure to !ollow' based on e%tensi)e

e%perience' rater tan on teoretical considerations

Off

go offte air) Do! radio or tele)ision stop broadcasting

offduty) not engaged in one3s regular work

offone3s ands) no longer one3s responsibility

offand on) !rom time to time

offte record) say someting pri)ately' tat is not to be o!!icially recorded

offte track) !ollowing a wrong line o! tougt or action

On

onaccount o!) because o!

be onte air) Do! radio or tele)ision be in te process o! broadcasting

onte alert) ready to act

be onall !ours) Do! a person be on ands and knees

onte a)erage) usually1 normally

onbeal! o!) !or1 in te interests o!

onboard) on a sip or airplane

onbusiness) as part o! one3s work

oncondition tat) only i!1 pro)ided tat ondemand) wen asked !or

ondisplay) being e%ibited

onduty) engaged in one3s regular work

on!ire) burning

to go on!oot) to walk

be onone3s guard) be alert and ready to meet an attack

onand) a)ailable

onloan) lent and not yet returned

soot onlocation) Do! a mo)ie !ilm in natural surroundings' not in a studio

onte lookout) watc!ul

put someting onte map) cause someting to become wellFknown get onone3s ner)es) annoy1 irritate


13/21

onno account) absolutely not

onte one and) Dused to introduce one side o! an argument

onone3s own) alone1 witout elp

act onone3s own initiati)e) act independently' witout orders !rom anyone else

onorder) reBuested but not yet deli)ered

onte oter and) Dused to introduce a contrasting side o! an argument act onprinciple) do someting to support a policy

onpurpose) deliberately

go onrecord) say someting wic is to be o!!icially recorded

onsale) being sold at a lower price tan usual

onscedule) at te correct time1 as planned or predicted

onsecond tougts) a!ter tinking !urter about someting

ona soestring) wit a )ery small amount o! money

be onte spot) be were important e)ents are taking place1 be placed in an awkward

situation

onte spur o! te moment) on a sudden impulse

go o!! ona tangent) cange suddenly to a new line o! tougt or action ontime) at te correct time

walk ontiptoe) walk on te toes and balls o! te !eet

accept someting ontrust) accept someting witout proo!

onte )erge o!) )ery close to1 about to

onte wole) taking e)eryting into consideration

O#t of

o#t ofte blue) une%pectedly

o#t ofbreat) Da!ter running panting !rom a sortage o! o%ygen

o#t ofcaracter) unlike a person3s known caracter

o#t ofcontrol) not able to be regulated or guided

o#t ofdanger) sa!e

o#t ofdate) no longer used1 oldF!asioned1 Do! news no longer true

o#t ofdebt) a)ing paid one3s debts

be o#t ofone3s dept) be unable to andle a situation because o! lack o! e%perience

o#t ofdoors) in te open air1 not in a building

o#t of!asion) not !asionable1 not presently in common use

o#t ofand) not under control

o#t ofarm3s way) sa!e

o#t ofline wit) in disagreement wit

be o#t ofone3s mind) be insane o#t oforder) not !unctioning properly1 Dat a !ormal meeting not bea)ing according to te

rules

o#t ofte ordinary) unusual

o#t ofplace) unsuitable

o#t ofpractice) unable to do someting as well as one as in past' because o! lack o!

recent practice

o#t ofprint) Do! a book no longer a)ailable !rom te publiser

o#t ofproportion) too big or too small1 not a)ing te appropriate relationsip to

someting

o#t ofte Buestion) impossible1 not to be considered

o#t ofseason) Do! !ruit or )egetables not readily a)ailable at tat time o! year o#t ofsape) Do! persons not in top condition because o! lack o! e%ercise


14/21

o#t ofsigt) idden' not able to be seen

o#t ofstock) Do! goods at a store temporarily una)ailable

o#t ofstyle) not !asionable

o#t oftouc) wit not in communication wit1 not in!ormed about

o#t oftown) a)ing temporarily le!t town

o#t oftrouble) not in trouble o#t oftune) not at te correct pitc

o#t ofwork) no longer a)ing employment

To

toall intents and purposes) in all important ways

toa certain e%tent) partly

todate) so !ar1 until now

up todate) current1 modern

see eye toeye wit) agree entirely wit

take someting toeart) be muc a!!ected by someting

made tomeasure) e%actly suitable1 Do! clotes made !or a certain person keep someting toonesel!) not tell anyone

tote point) rele)ant

n&er

#n&erage) below te age o! being legally permitted to do someting

be #n&erarrest) be eld prisoner and carged wit wrongdoing

#n&erte auspices o!) wit te patronage o!1 supported by

#n&erone3s breat) in a wisper

#n&erte circumstances) because tis is true

#n&erconsideration) being tougt about

#n&ercontrol) able to be regulated or guided

#n&erco)er o!) protected by1 undetected because o!

#n&er!ire) being sot at1 being critici-ed

#n&erte impression tat) a)ing te idea tat

be #n&erte in!luence o!) be a!!ected by

be #n&eroat) a)e sworn to tell te trut

#n&erobser)ation) being watced care!ully

#n&errestraint) pre)ented !rom doing someting

!

a)e someting #!one3s slee)e) a)e a secret idea or plan in reser)e

%ith

$ithimpunity) witout risk o! injury or punisment

$ithte naked eye) witout using a magni!ying lens

$ithno strings attaced) Do! elp gi)en wit no conditions1 to be used !reely

take $itha pinc o! salt) not belie)e completely

$ithregard to) concerning1 about

$ithrespect to) concerning1 about

tarred $ithte same brus) a)ing te same !aults

$itha )engeance) )ery muc1 more tan usual

%ithin


15/21

$ithinlimits) to a certain e%tent1 not too muc

$ithinli)ing memory) witin te memory o! people now ali)e

%itho#t

go $itho#tsaying) be ob)ious

See E%ercises 5and6(

4. No#ns follo$e& b" !re!ositions

#e !ollowing are e%amples o! nouns wic are usually !ollowed by certain prepositions( $n

te case o! prases wic are idioms' te meanings o! te prases are indicated in brackets(

Against take precautions against

-or

a)e a!!ection !or make allowances !or

a)e compassion !or an e%cuse !or

a reason !or a)e a reputation !or

a)e respect !or a)e sympaty !or

a)e a talent !or lie in wait !or Dambus

pa)e te way !or Dprepare !or

-rom absence !rom

In

a)e con!idence in a)e !ait in

a)e an interest in take part in

make progress in

Into

a)e insigt into

Of

a)e an aborrence o! an acknowledgement o!

take ad)antage o! take care o!

take command o! e)idence o!

an e%ample o! an e%cess o!

make a !ool o! make !un o! Dridicule

a)e an impression o! a lack o!

neglect o! a number o!

a pair o! be part o!

a possibility o! make a practice o! Ddo o!ten

a proo! o! a Buantity o! recognition o! a recollection o!
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16/21

a result o! run te risk o! Drisk

catc sigt o! Dsee suddenly a sign o!

a sur)ey o! a symbol o!

a symptom o! a token o!

make use o! a way o!

was one3s ands o! Dstop caringabout and dealing wit

On

an attack on dependence on

make an impression on play a joke on

sed ligt on De%plain a)e pity on

To

a)e access to pay attention to

an objection to a reply to

a response to lay siege to Dbesiege sut one3s eyes to Ddeliberately

ignore a problem

To$ar&or To$ar&s

animosity towardDs an attitude towardDs

%ith

a)e a connection wit !ind !ault wit Dcritici-e

!all in lo)e wit cange places wit

See E%ercise 7(

5. A&jeti(es an& (erbs in the !assi(e (oie follo$e& b" !re!ositions

$n some cases di!!erent prepositions can be used witout causing a cange in meaning( *or

instance' te !ollowing e%amples bot a)e te same meaning(

e(g( $ was angry attem(

$ was angry $ithtem(

Howe)er' in many cases' te use o! di!!erent prepositions causes a cange in meaning( *or

instance' te past participle !rotete&is typically !ollowed by te preposition from(

Howe)er' like many oter past participles' !rotete&may also be !ollowed by te preposition

b"' were b"ser)es to introduce te per!ormer o! te action e%pressed by te past participle(

e(g( #e city is protected fromte soldiers(

#e city is protected b"te soldiers(

#e !irst e%ample indicates tat te soldiers are a treat to te city1 wereas te second

e%ample indicates tat te soldiers are protecting te city(

#e !ollowing are e%amples o! predicate adjecti)es and past participles o! )erbs in te Passi)e

9oice wic are usually !ollowed by certain prepositions( $n addition' it sould be kept in
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17/21

mind tat most )erbs in te Passi)e 9oice can be !ollowed by a prase beginning wit te

preposition b"(

Abo#t

an%ious about concerned about

curious about depressed about doubt!ul about entusiastic about

e%cited about appy about

pleased about wrong about

worried about

At

adept at alarmed at

ama-ed at o)erjoyed at

socked at surprised at

*et$een torn between

*"

accompanied by caused by

guided by manu!actured by

obsessed by written by

-or

blamed !or eligible !or

!amous !or !it !or

known !or late !or noted !or praised !or

punised !or Buali!ied !or

ready !or responsible !or

ripe !or sorry !or

suitable !or

-rom

absent !rom apart !rom

deri)ed !rom descended !rom

detaced !rom di!!erent !rom

distinct !rom e%empt !rom

!ar !rom isolated !rom

omitted !rom protected !rom

remo)ed !rom sa!e !rom

separated !rom

In

absorbed in disappointed in

engaged in immersed in

interested in in)ol)ed in

Of


18/21

accused o! a!raid o!

asamed o! aware o!

capable o! certain o!

composed o! conscious o!

con)inced o! depri)ed o!

de)oid o! !ond o! ignorant o! independent o!

jealous o! proud o!

regardless o! reminded o!

sure o! suspicious o!

suspected o! terri!ied o!

tired o! worty o!

On

based on dependent on

intent on

To

acceptable to accessible to

accustomed to adapted to

addicted to adjacent to

attaced to attributable to

close to committed to

comparable to dedicated to

detrimental to de)oted to

due to eBual to

eBui)alent to essential to

e%posed to !ait!ul to

!a)orable to !oreign to

imper)ious to indi!!erent to

indispensable to in!erior to

kind to loyal to

ne%t to obedient to

obliged to obli)ious to

opposed to parallel to

partial to peculiar to

pre!erable to prior to

proportional to reconciled to reduced to related to

relati)e to rele)ant to

resigned to resistant to

restricted to senior to

sensiti)e to similar to

subject to subordinate to

suited to superior to

susceptible to tied to

To$ar&or To$ar&s

protecti)e towardDs


19/21

%ith

acBuainted wit a!!iliated wit

associated wit besieged wit

compared wit compatible wit

con!ronted wit consistent wit

co)ered wit cursed wit e%asperated wit !amiliar wit

!inised wit identi!ied wit

in!atuated wit patient wit

pleased wit satis!ied wit

synonymous wit treatened wit

See E%ercise


20/21

plead !or pose !or

pray !or prepare !or

press !or register !or

searc !or sop !or

substitute !or )ouc !or

wait !or wis !or

-rom

abstain !rom bene!it !rom

deduct !rom deri)e !rom

desist !rom deter !rom

detract !rom de)iate !rom

di!!er !rom di)ert !rom

escape !rom e%tricate !rom

!lee !rom in!er !rom

pro!it !rom protect !rom

Buote !rom radiate !rom recoil !rom reco)er !rom

re!rain !rom srink !rom

stem !rom su!!er !rom

In

belie)e in engage in

indulge in inter)ene in

in)est in participate in

persist in succeed in

Into

cange into con)ert into

del)e into dip into

de)elop into di)ide into

!all into merge into

plunge into pry into

sink into trans!orm into

Of

appro)e o! beware o!

concei)e o! consist o! depri)e o! die o!

disappro)e o! smell o!

On

blame on concentrate on

depend on impinge on

impose on insist on

intrude on pounce on

re!lect on rely on

report on spy on

subsist on tri)e on


21/21

O(er

preside o)er trip o)er

To

adapt to adere to

adjust to amount to belong to con!orm to

contribute to correspond to

listen to object to

pertain to pre!er to

re!er to relate to

respond to resort to

re)ert to submit to

subscribe to succumb to

surrender to yield to

%ith agree wit associate wit

collaborate wit combine wit

communicate wit comply wit

concur wit consort wit

contend wit cooperate wit

cope wit correspond wit

!lirt wit mingle wit

sare wit sympati-e wit

See E%ercise ?(

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