Engineering and Quran

7/30/2019 Engineering and Quran

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ENGINEERING AND

QURAN CREATI ON OF TH E UNI VERSE: THE BIG BANG AND QURAN

The creation of the universe is explained by astrophysicists as a widely accepted phenomenon,

popularly known as The Big Bang. It is supported by observational an d experimental datagathered by astronomers and astrophysicists for decades. According to The Big Bang, the whole universe was initially one big mass (Primary Nebula).Then there was a Big Bang (Secondary Separation) which resulted in the formation of Galaxies. These then divided to form stars, planets, the sun, the moon, etc. The origin of theuniverse was unique and the probability of it happening by chance is nil. The Quran contains the following verse regarding the origin of the universe:

The above verse clearly agrees with the present day knowledge of the beginning of the universe. No other scripture has this vivid description of the creation of the universe. It was EdwinHubbles observations in 1929, which suggested that there was a time wh en the universe wasinfinitesimally small and dense. He discovered that wherever one looked, it appeared that the


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distant galaxies are moving rapidly away from each other. If this was the case then it indicatedthat at earlier times objects would have been closer together .

I NI TI AL GASEOUS M ASS BEF ORE

CREATI ON OF GAL AXI ES

Scientists agree that before the galaxies in the universe were formed, celestial matter wasInitially in the form of gaseous matter. In short, huge gaseous matter or clouds were presentBefore the formation of the galaxies. To describe initial celestial matter, the word smoke ismoreappropriate than gas. The following Quranic verse refers to this state of the universe by theword dukhaan which means smoke.

Again, this fact is a corollary to the Big Bang and was not known to anyone before the prophethood of Muhammad (Peace be upon him). What then, could have been the source of this knowledge?

SH APE OF TH E EARTH I S SPH ERI CAL

In early times, people believed that the earth was flat. For centuries, men were afraid to venture outtoo far, for fear of falling off the edge! Sir Francis Drake was the first person who proved that theearth is spherical when he sailed around it in 1597. Consider the following Quranic verse regardingthe alternation of day and night:


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Merging here means that the night slowly and gradually changes to day and vice versa. ThisPhenomenon can only take place if the earth is spherical. If the earth was flat, there would have

been a sudden change from night today and from day to night. The following verse also alludes to thespherical shape of the earth:

The Arabic word used here is Kawwara meaning to overlap or to coil the way a turban is woundaround the head. The overlapping or coiling of the day and night can only take place if the earth isspherical. The earth is not exactly round like a ball, but geo-spherical, i.e. it is flattened at the poles.The following verse contains a description of the earths shape:

The Arabic word for egg here is dahaahaa 1 which means an ostrich-egg. The shape of an ostrich-eggResembles the geo- spherical shape of the earth. Thus the Quran correctly describes the shape of the Earth, though the prevalent notion when the Quran was revealed was that the earth was flat.

M OONLI GH T I S REFL ECTED LI GH T

It was believed by earlier civilizations that the moon emanates its own light. Science now tells us


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that the light of the moon is reflected light. However this fact was mentioned in t he Quran 1,400years ago in the following verse:

The Arabic word for the sun in the Quran, is shams . It is also referred to as siraaj which means atorch or as wahhaaj meaning a blazing lamp or as diya which means shining glory. All threedescriptions are appropriate to the sun, since it generates intense heat and light by its internalcombustion.The Arabic word for the moon is qamar and it is described in the Quran as muneer which is a

body that gives noor i.e. reflected light. Again, the Quranic description matches perfectly with thetrue nature of the moon which does not give off light by itself and is an inactive body that reflects thelight of the sun. Not once in the Quran, is the moon mentioned as siraaj, wahhaaj or diya nor the suna noor or muneer . This implies that the Quran recognizes the difference between the nature of sunlight and moonlight. The following verses relate to the nature of light from the sun and the moon:


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The Glorious Qur'an and modern science, are thus in perfect agreement about the differences in thenature of sunlight and moonlight.

METALLURGY AND QURAN

Metallurgy is a domain of materialsscience that studies the physical and chemicalbehavior of metallic elements or metal . Metals are deeply discussed in Quran and following versesare the approval of above statement.

"Give me pieces (blocks) of iron," then, when he had filled up the gap between the two mountain-cliffs, he said:"Blow," till when he had made it (red as) fire, he said: "Bring me molten copper to pour over it." (Quran 18:96)
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So they (Yajooj and Majooj (Gog and Magog)) were made powerless to scale it or dig through it. (Quran18:97)

Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance

(justice) that mankind may keep up justice. And We brought forth iron wherein is mighty power (in matters of war), as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help Him (His religion), andHis Messengers in the unseen. Verily, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty. (Quran 57:25)

He knows that which goes into the earth and that which comes forth from it, and that which descend from theheaven and that which ascends to it. And He is the Most Merciful, the OftForgiving. (Quran 34:2)

He sends down water (rain) from the sky, and the valleys flow according to their measure, but the flood bearsaway the foam that mounts up to the surface, and (also) from that (ore) which they heat in the fire in order tomake ornaments or utensils, rises a foam like unto it, thus does Allah (by parables) show forth truth andfalsehood. Then, as for the foam it passes away as scum upon the banks, while that which is for the good of

mankind remains in the earth. Thus Allah sets forth parables (for the truth and falsehood, i.e. Belief anddisbelief). (Quran 13:17)

TH E SUN ROTATES

For a long time European philosophers and scientists believed that the earth stood still in the center of the universe and every other body including the sun moved around it. In the West, this geocentricconcept of the universe was prevalent right from the time of Ptolemy in the second century B.C. In1512, Nicholas Copernicus put forward his Heliocentric Theory of Planetary Motion, which assertedthat the sun is motionless at the center of the solar system with the planets revolving around it.In 1609, the German scientist YohannusKeppler published the Astronomia Nova . In this he Concluded that not only do the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun, they also rotateupon their axes at irregular speeds. With this knowledge it became possible for European scientiststo explain correctly many of the mechanisms of the solar system, including the sequence of night and

day. After these discoveries, it was thought that the Sun was stationary and did not rotate about itsaxis like the Earth. I remember having studied this fallacy from Geography books during my schooldays. Consider the following Quranic verse:


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The Arabic word used in the above verse is yasbahoon . This word is derived from the word sabaha . It carries with it the idea of motion that comes from any moving body. If you use this wordfor a person on the ground, it would not mean that he is rolling but would imply that he is walking or running. If you use this word for a person in water, it would not mean that he is floating but wouldimply that he is swimming. Similarly, if you use the word yasbah for a celestial

body such as the sun, it would not only mean that it is flying through space but would also mean thatit is rotating as it goes through space. Most school textbooks have now incorporated the fact that thesun rotates about its axis. The rotation of the sun about its own axis can be proved with the help of anequipment that projects the image of the sun on the top of a table, so that one can examine the imageof the sun without being blinded. It is noticed that the sun has spots which complete a circular motiononce every 25 days i.e. the sun takes approximately 25 days to rotate round its axis.The sun travels through space at roughly 240 km per second, and takes about 200 million years tocomplete one revolution around the centre of our Milky Way Galaxy.


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This verse mentions an essential fact discovered only recently by modern astronomy, i.e. theexistence of the individual orbits of the Sun and the Moon, and their journey through space with their own motion. The fixed place towards which the sun travels, carrying with it the solar system, has

been located preirsely by modern astronomy. It has been given a name, the Solar Apex. The solar system is indeedmoving in space towards a point situated in the constellation of Hercules (alpha Lyrae) whose exactlocation is now firmly established4. The moon rotates around its axis in the same duration that ittakes to revolve around the earth. It takes approximately 29 days to complete one rotation.One cannot help but be amazed at the scientific accuracy of the Quranic verses. Should we not

ponder over the question: What is the source of knowledge contained in the Quran?


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TH E SUN WI L L EXTI NGUI SH

The light of the sun is due to a chemical process on its surface that has been taking place

continuously for the past five billion years. It will come to an end at some point of time in the future,when the sun will be totally extinguished, leading to extinction of all life on earth. Regarding theimpermanence of the suns existence, the Quran says:

It would be ridiculous for anyone to even suggest that the presence of interstellar galacticmaterialwas known 1400 years ago!

TH E EXPANDI NG UNI VERSE

The discovery of the expanding universe has been the greatest landmark in thescientific field. Newton and others should have realized that a static universe wouldmean that it would soon start to contract under the influence of gravity. If the universewas expanding at a slower rate, then the force of gravity would eventually cause it tostop and the universe would start contracting. If instead, it was expanding at a rapid


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rate, then gravity would never be strong enough to stop it, and thus the universe would be expanding forever.

In 1925, American astronomer Edwin Hubble, provided observational evidence that all galaxiesare moving away from one another, which implies that the universe is expanding. The expansion

of the universe is now an established scien tific fact. This is what the Quran says regarding thenature of the universe:

The Arabic word musioon is correctly translated as expanding it, and it refers to the creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. One of the greatest astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, inhis book, A Brief History of Time, says, The discovery that the universe is expanding was oneof the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century. The Quran mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to build a telescope! Some may say that the presence of astronomical facts in the Quran is not surprising since the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy. They are correct in acknowledging the advancement of the Arabs in the field of astronomy. However they failto realize that the Quran was revealed centuries before the Arabs excelled in astronomy.Moreover many of the scientific facts mentioned above, such as the origin of the universe with a Big Bang,were not known to the Arabs even at the peak of their scientific advancement. The scientificfactsmentioned in the Quran are therefore not due to the Arabs advancement in astronomy. Indeed,the reverse is true: they advanced in astronomy, because astronomy occupies a place in theQuran.

And the heaven We built with Our own powers and indeed We go on expanding it.[51:48]

It was only as recent as the 1920s when Edwin Hubble made the discovery that the galaxies werespeeding away from each other. The above verse, which was revealed to the Holy Prophet Muhammad(SAW) some 1400 years ago, clearly confirms what Hubble observed. This concept of the expandinguniverse is unique to the Quran and no other scripture comes even close to describing such a


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phenomenon. The knowledge of the expanding universe is of vital importance to scientists as this helpscreate a better understanding of the creation of the universe. Hubbles data suggested that the farther agalaxy is, the faster it is moving away! This meant that the universe could not be static as was thought tobe, but rather it is expanding. Therefore the distance between the different galaxies is growing all the

time.

Learning Industrial Engineering from The Quran

Industrial engineering focuses mainly on the design andmanagement of factories, and there is a continuing research to find theoptimal specificationsfor the design of factories and theirmanage ment. Thi s top ic shows how tofind these optimal specificationsfrom the guidance of the last revelation of Allah (God) to people (i.e. TheQuran) instead of Muslims running to strangersto get knowledge.Learning thedesign and management of factories from the Quran: The key to understand industrialengineering from the Quran is found in verse88 of chapter 27 of the Quran whichstates ( And you see the mountains and think them solid but they pass by as the passing of the clouds, the manufacturing of ALAH (God) who perfected every thing.Verily,He is wellacquainted with what you do), Such that Allah (God) describes His creation in thisverse by a process of manufacturing ( the manufacturing of Allah (God) andany manufacturing process needs a manufacturer who is Allah (God) andanymanufacturing process also needs a factory. T h u s t he q ue s t io n n o w i s :wh at are the fa ct or ies in th e cre at io n of Al la h (God)? The answercan be known by pondering upon verse 21 of chapter 51which st ates :( A n d i n y o u r o w n s e l v e s w i l l y o u n o t t h e n s e e ? ) , t h u s i f w e p o n d e r u p o n h o w A l l a h ( G o d ) c r e a t e d o u r

bo die s we fi nd tha t the re are objects in our bodies that rawmaterials (Amino acids) enter and products(proteins) exist and thisis the function of a factory. Thus the cells are thefactories in the


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creation of Allah (God) as shown in figures 1 and 2

I f w e p o n d e r u p o n h o w A l l a h ( G o d ) c r e a t e d t h e c e l l w e

f i n d t h a t i t i s

a complete factory which contains management department, assembly line ,quality control, power stations, etc. and if we ponder upon the designof Allah( G o d ) f o r t h e s e d e p a r t m e n t s a n d t h e i r m a n a g e m e n tw e d i s c o v e r t h e following points


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I f w e p o n d e r u p o n h o w A l l a h ( G o d ) c r e a t e d t h e c e l l w ef i n d t h a t i t i sa complete factory which contains management department, assembly line ,quality control, power stations, etc. and if we ponder upon the designof

Allah( G o d ) f o r t h e s e d e p a r t m e n t s a n d t h e i r m a n a g e m e n tw e d i s c o v e r t h e following points:

Management and assembly line in the cell: We find that Allah (God) placed the management department of the cell(which is founding the nucleus which contains the DNA molecule that inturns contains the engineering specifications for any product in the cell) nearto the assembly line as shown in figure 3. Figure 3:

Management and assembly line locations in the cell. We c a n l e a r n f r o m t h e p r o x i m i t y o f t h e s e t w o d e p a r t m e n t s t ha t i t ensures fast communication between the management and productiondepartments, such that if an error occurs in the assembly line thenthemanagement department can evaluate and fix the problem quickly.Also if it is needed to increase or decrease the speed of productionthen this can be accomplished quickly and efficiently.2. Copying of main specifications: We find that when any production order is sta rted in the cel l then amessenger copies the engineering specifications for the productfrom the main location in the nucleus(DNA molecule), whereas thiscopy is used in production operationsand not the main file ass h o w n i n f i g u r e 4 . A m o n g


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t he n um er ou sa d v a n t a g e s o f t h i s i s t h a t i f t h e r e i s d a m a ge t o t h e c o p y d u r i n g production then there would be a main file in thefactory which canbereferred to. Figure 4: The process of copying the original information in the cell.

3. Quality control of the cell: We find that any product in the cell mustpass through certain conduitsbefore existing the cells walls and theseco n d u i ts ha sa sh ap e id ent ic al to th e f in al pro duc t, an d thu s t hi srepresents aquality control system for the cell such that products mustmeet optimalspecifications to exist.4. Power stations: We find that Allah (God) placed objects in thece llw h i c h g e n e r a t e e n e rg y t o a c t i v a t e t h e a s s e m b l y l i n e , a n dw e a l s o notice that Allah (God) placed more than one power station in thecella s sho wn in f igure 5 . Thus we l ea rn tha t in any fac to ry wen e e d t o place more than one power station such that if one of thesestationsist u r n e d o f f t h e n t h e r e w o u l d b e b a c k u p s t a t i o n s t h a t en s u r e t h e continuation of production. Also having more than one stationreduces

the load on each one which reduces the fatigue on these stationsandincreases the lifetime of the factory. Figure 5: Power stations within the cell.


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5. Recycling: If a certain disease occurs and the assembled protein ontheassembly line is not according to optimal specifications then itwouldnot exit the wall of the cell and in this case it goes to a

certainp l a c e i n t h e c e l l t o b e d i s a s s e m b l e d a n d t h e n t h e re s u l t i n g r a w materials are used once more in production. Thus there is arecycl ingdepar tment in the ce l l , so we learn that we need toh a v e re cy c l i ng department in the cell to increase the efficiencyof production. Thus we see that when a believer thinks more andmore about the cellhe d i s c o v e r s i n f o r m a t i o n a n d d e s i g n c o n c e p t s t o b e u s e d i n t he de si gn an dmanagement of factories. Thus Allah (God) wants forthe believer to be theteacher of others and to show the superiority of theQuran to the main themeof the people of this age which is know ledgeto draw people closer to theQuran and that this kind of knowledgewould be a reason for people to beguided to the path of Allah (God).

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