Engineering

Gaylord National Resort Washington, D.C.

fib Congress and Exhibition & PCI Annual Convention and Bridge Conference40

Sunday, May 302:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD1: Case Studies & Major Initiativesroom: Chesapeake 4-5Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Design And Construction Of High Stressed Concrete Structures As Protection Works F�or Torrent Control In The Austrian Alps; Juergen Suda, Johannes Huebl, and Konrad Bergmeister – 517

Most frequently used structure types and standardized requirements for design and construction of protection works for torrent control in the mountainous regions of Austria.

2. Suburban North Train Terminal Buenavista, Mexico City; Mario Oñate, Francisco Ambía, and Eduardo Zamora – 421

The Suburban North Train Terminal features a combination of precast concrete elements and a steel structure designed including seismic considerations.

3. Lisbon Metro - Portugal - Expansion Of The Red Line "Alameda Ii – São Sebastião Ii" – Saldanha Ii Station – Conceptual Design And Construction; Rute Viegas, Gisela Frias, and António Flor – 476

The conceptual design, constraints, structural solutions, and construction of the Saldanha II Station, which features a large box section with a transversely prestressed concrete slab.

4. Existing Concrete Silos – Lessons F�rom Inspection, Diagnosis, Rehabilitation And Strenghtening; Prof. Dr. Eng. Augustin Popaescu, and Dipl. Eng. Ovidiu Deaconu – 176

Lessons learned from inspection, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and strengthening of two RC and prestressed silos for soia beans, which have been in service for more than 35 years.

5. Concrete Structures Of The National "Olympiyskiy" Sports Complex In Kiev; Yuriy Slyusarenko, Juriy Serjogin, Igor Kozyavkin, P.E., and Komatek Kiev – 659

Reconstruction of the National "Olympiyskiy" Sports Complex in Kiev for the EURO-2012 football championship includes innovative architectural, technical, and organizational decisions necessitated by the existence of complicated natural, geological, urban, and economic conditions.

2:00pm – 3:30pm Course: EAD2: Seismic Design – Part Iroom: Chesapeake 7-9Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Precast Concrete Structures Assessment With The Direct Displacement Based Design; Andrea Belleri and Paolo Riva – 46

The seismic assessment of precast concrete structures according to the Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) procedure is investigated, considering typical Italian precast concrete buildings with typical structural layouts consisting of cantilever columns connected at the top by prestressed precast beams supporting prestressed precast concrete roof elements, with a focus on correctly accounting for column-to-foundation and column-to-beam connections.

2. Assessment Of The Seismic Resistance And Safety Of Existing Multistory Residential Buildings; Stephan Schwarz, Edward Leibovich, and David Yankelevsky – 265

Description of long-term research program aimed at development and implementation of suitable engineering tools for assessment of seismic resistance and safety of existing multistory residential buildings widely used in Israel based on performance-based assessment methods, including considerations for seismic retrofit and/or upgrading.

3. Direct Seismic Design F�or Assigned Performance Probabilities; Paolo Franchin and Paolo Pinto – 373

Proposed methodology is provided to transform the concept of performance-based earthquake engineering into a tool capable of guiding design to a solution that satisfies performance requirements. The proposed method takes as a starting the PEER framework renouncing the concept of optimal design in favour of the simple compliance with given constraints to reduce the computational burden, and working in terms of global design variables, like the period (stiffness) and the base shear ratio (strength) of the building, leaving the task of modifying the design in each iteration to the designer.

4. Influence Of The Randomness Of The Mechanical Parameters On The Seismic Damage Assessment Of R/C F�rames; Marco Mezzi and Fabrizio Comodini – 465

Seismic assessments of RC buildings according to PBSD should provide for a probabilistic definition of the correlation among the parameters controlling the

EDUCATION: TECHNICAL TRACK (Peer Reviewed)(all sessions held at Gaylord National Resort)Subject Area: Engineering and Design (EAD); 34 Sessions

41May 29 – June 2 Program Guide

Think Globally, Build Locally

procedure including consideration for the random variation of the member capacity affected by the random variations of the strength and ductility of its components.

5. Performance Based Plastic Design (PBPD) Of RC Special Moment F�rame Structures; Wen-Cheng Liao and Subhash C. Goel – 290

Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method, which has been successfully applied to steel framing systems, is extended to RC special moment frames using F�EMA 440 C2 factor approach to account for the degrading hysteretic behavior of RC structures.

2:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD3: Codes room: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. fib Model Code Chapter 9: Conservation of Concrete Structures; Stuart Matthews, Agnieszka Bigaj-van Vliet, and Tamon Ueda – 6

The fib Model Code Chapter 9 Conservation of Concrete Structures introduces a new integrated life cycle perspective for the design of concrete structures, resulting in a model code that promotes a holistic approach based on defined performance requirements incorporating consideration of safety, serviceability, durability, and sustainability.

2. SIA 269/2 - A New Swiss Code for the Conservation of Concrete Structures; Daia Zwicky – 28

The SIA 269/2 Swiss Code for the Conservation of Concrete Structures contains rules that differ from those in the code series for new structures and includes the assessment of existing structures and material-oriented sub-parts.

3. F�iber reinforced concrete in the new fib Model Code; Lucie Vandewalle, Marco di Prisco, and Giovanni Plizzari – 86

The new fib Model Code addresses new types of high-performance materials for the design of structures including strain-hardening and strain-softening fibre- reinforced concrete (F�RC). The document is based on material and structural performance at both the ultimate and serviceability limit states and includes sections concerning durability, fire resistance, and quality control.

4. Recommended Improvements to Current Shear-F�riction Provisions of Model Code; Pedro Santos and Eduardo Júlio – 503

Improvements to Model Code 90’s design expression for longitudinal shear strength between concretes cast at different times are recommended. F�urthermore, a comparison of the design expressions among MC 90, ACI 318, and Eurocode 2 is provided.

5. Could we have unified codes on future meteorological

actions for concrete structures?; Péter Lenkei – 685Discussion of the potential for unified codes on future meteorological actions for concrete structures.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD4: repair and Strengthening – Part Iroom: Chesapeake 4-5Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Response Of Isolated Reinforced Concrete Members Retrofitted With NSM CF�RP Strips In Axial Tension; Arifur Rahman and Jimmy Kim – 501

A preliminary study of the interaction between concrete members and near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CF�RP) strips tested in monotonic tension was conducted. Test parameters included the effect of bonding agents (epoxy adhesive or cement-grout) and the size of grooves for CF�RPs.

2. Application Of Active Space Propping System In Structural Retrofit; Chunkai He – 113

Application of a novel active space propping system was developed which uses diagonal braces and screw jacks for active propping. The system was used to add a basement in the retrofit of an existing structure.

3. Retrofitting Of An Existing RC Structure Using Eurocode 8 – Part 3; Christis Z. Chrysostomou, Nicholas Kyriakides, and Michael Pittas – 506

A reinforced concrete building which was designed, detailed, and constructed in 1960 in Cyprus for gravity loads only was selected as a case study for a pilot application of Eurocode 8 part 3, which is a code that can guide the engineer through the assessment and retrofit process.

4. Testing Of Large Concrete Cylinders Confined With F�RP; Scott Smith and Seo Jin Kim – 352

The strength and behavior of large 250-mm-diameter concrete cylinders confined with fibre-reinforced-polymer (F�RP) composites was investigated experimentally including the effect of different overlap regions and thicknesses on the efficiency of the F�RP wrap.

5. Performance Of F�RP Confinement On Non Circular Members; Gian Piero Lignola, Andrea Prota, Gaetano Manfredi, and Edoardo Cosenza – 487

A procedure is proposed to model the effect of F�RP confinement on noncircular (i.e., square and rectangular) cross sections. The procedure is based on the interaction between the concrete column and the confining device developing equilibrium conditions and transverse displacement compatibility.



4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD5: Seismic Design – Part IIroom: Chesapeake 7-9Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Transition of the Shear-Transfer Mechanism during the Progress of Shear Damage in Reinforced Concrete Columns; Yasuji Shinohara – 48

The influence of axial load and shear reinforcement upon the shear-transfer mechanism was investigated experimentally to develop a damage-evaluation method taking axial load into consideration.

2. Shear wall in an office building; Ludovit Fillo and Vladimir Benko – 91

A transverse shear wall of a 20-story office building was analyzed by the strut-and-tie method considering a combination of seismic, permanent, and imposed loads. Subsequent steps included the design of principal reinforcement, verification of stresses in critical regions, and detailing.

3. Seismic design of unbonded post-tensioned concrete shear wall; Tetsuya Ohmura – 492

A proposed seismic design of post-tensioned concrete shear walls is described including determination of the required amount and distribution of PT tendons.

4. Seismic Performance of Half-Prefabricated Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Columns; Susumu Inoue and Nobuhiko Minamino – 53

The seismic performance of half-prefabricated prestressed reinforced concrete (HPPRC) columns was investigated. HPPRCs consist of an outer prestressed concrete shell filled with RC. The prestressing has the advantage of increasing concrete shear capacity (thereby reducing the required amount of shear reinforcement) and prefabrication can improve construction quality.

5. Construction And Exploitation Of Seismic Reinforcement Method F�or Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Multilayer Thin Steel Sheets; Reiko Seki, Tadayoshi Ishibashi, Daisuke Tsukishima, Kenji Shinoda, and Mareki Kuraoka – 477

A seismic reinforcement method that can be readily carried out under railway viaducts was developed and evaluated by column tests in which several dozen cold rolled steel sheets less than 0.8 mm thick are attached to an existing RC column using adhesive.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD6: Bondroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Bond-test for on-site quality control of structural concrete; Michel Lorrain, Monica Pinto-Barbosa, and Maurice Arnaud – 16

The bond test, which provides information on the bond strength between concrete and reinforcement, is proposed as a method to assess the quality of structural concrete at the construction site.

2. Bond Behavior of Prestress Steel Strands Bonded With an Epoxy Adhesive and A Cement Grout for F�lat Slab Strengthening Purposes – Experimental Study; Duarte Faria, Válter Lúcio, and António Ramos – 96

The behavior of prestress steel strands sealed with either an epoxy adhesive or cement grout was evaluated by pull-out and push-in tests with different embedment lengths.

3. Investigation of bond behavior of lap spliced bars; Giovanni Metelli, Giovanni Plizzari, and John Cairns – 102

Experimental results of several tests to study the behaviour of bond strength of lapped joints of bundles where only one or two bars are lapped at a section are presented and compared to the results of tests with continuous bars.

4. F�ull-field deformations of F�RP to concrete pull-off bond tests; Christoph Czaderski and Masoud Motavalli – 151

F�ull-field deformation measurements using a 3D image correlation measurement system were performed on pull-off tests on F�RP strips, which can be used to develop bond shear stress-slip relations.

5. Durability of adhesively bonded composite reinforcements for concrete structures; Sylvain Chataigner, Marjorie Rabasse, Karim Benzarti, Marc Quiertan, and Christophe Aubagnac – 160

An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the environmental durability of composite reinforcement (carbon sheet and pultruded carbon plate) for concrete structures. Materials were stored in a humid, hot controlled atmosphere to accelerate aging.



Monday, May 317:30am – 9:00amCourse: EAD7: repair and Strengthening – Part IIroom: Chesapeake 4-5Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Concrete To Concrete Bonds Potentials F�or New Structures And Rehabilitation; Peter Lenz and Konrad Zilch – 320

An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate concrete-to-concrete bond. The results were evaluated with engineering and scientific methods at various levels (macro, meso, micro and nano level) with the intent to identify key effects and to optimize concrete-to-concrete bond for certain conditions.

2. Comparison Of CF�RP Strengthening Efficiency Of Bent RC Elements Using Stiff And F�lexible Adhesives; Wit Derkowski, Arkadiusz Kwiecie, and Bogusław Zajc – 554

The use of a flexible adhesive layer in the anchorage zone of CF�RP plate used to flexurally strengthen RC beams was investigated. The flexible polymer joints were found to delay and control debonding of the strengthening system by reducing the peak stress concentrations.

3. Debonding On Concrete Members Of Laminates And NSM F�RP Systems; Antonio Bilotta, Francesca Ceroni, Marco Di Ludovico, Emidio Nigro, and Marisa Pecce – 669

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate and compare the behavior of different types of F�RP systems subjected to monotonic shear tests. F�RP systems investigated included sheets, plates, and NSM bars.

4. A Simplified Design F�ormula F�or Intermediate Debonding F�ailure In RC Beams Externally Strengthened By F�RP; Ciro Faella, Enzo Martinelli, and Emidio Nigro – 672

A design formula was developed to describe the intermediate debonding failure of F�RP-strengthened RC beams, explicitly considering some of the parameters that control the phenomenon.

5. Effectiveness Of Confinement F�or Stress Localization At F�ree Edges Of F�RP Wraps; Alberto Zinno, Gian Piero Lignola, Andrea Prota, Gaetano Manfredi, and Edoardo Cosenza – 566

The effect of interlaminar stresses at the free edge of F�RP jackets was examined to determine a potential reason for premature failures of the strengthening system. Numerical examples and a parametric study were conducted to illustrate the driving parameters that control the stress concentrations at the edge of the F�RP jacket.

7:30am – 9:00amCourse: EAD8: Seismic Design – Part IIIroom: Chesapeake 7-9Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Performance Limits F�or Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Severe Displacement Cycles; Bora Acun And Haluk Sucuoglu – 322

The effect of displacement history on the deformation response of concrete columns controlled by flexure was investigated with six large-scale column specimens tested under repeated cyclic displacements with constant axial loads. Observed rotations at the plastic hinge region were evaluated with respect to the limits proposed by ASCE/SEI 41, Eurocode 8, and the Turkish Seismic Code (TDY 2007).

2. Seismic Behaviors And Ductility Of Reinforced Concrete Columns Wrapped With CF�RP Sheets; Hang Liu, Chenguang Li, and Xuezhong Yang – 10

Six RC columns strengthened with CF�RP sheets were tested under cyclic lateral loads. The ratio of axial compression N/fcA and the ratio of CF�RP reinforcement were studied in the test to determine their impacts on the mechanical behavior of the columns.

3. Seismic Performance of Precast RC Wall Panels with Cut-out Openings Retrofitted by Externally Bonded CF�RP Composites; István Demeter, Tamás Nagy-György, Valeriu Stoian, Cosmin Descu, and Daniel Dan – 593

An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate precast RC wall panels subjected to in-plane seismic loading conditions. F�our tested walls included (1) as-built blank solid wall, (2) wall with cut-out door opening, (3) retrofitted wall strengthened by externally bonded carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CF�RP EBR) composites, and (4) repaired wall strengthened by CF�RP EBR.

4. Increasing Seismic Capacity Of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings By The Use Of F�RP And Steel F�use Elements; Ahmet Murat Turk, Cumhur Cosgun, Mustafa Comert, and Gokhan Kesti – 621

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of using F�RP and steel fuse elements on the behavior of existing frame elements in the seismic upgrading of school and hospital buildings in Turkey.

5. Influence Of Uncertain Vertical Loads And Accelerations On The Seismic Performance Of An RC Building; Dimitrios Vamvatsikos and Christos Zeris – 278

The influence of the uncertain values of gravity loads and the vertical ground motion component on the seismic performance of a non-ductile reinforced concrete building was investigated.



7:30am – 9:00amCourse: EAD9: Durabilityroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Crack Risk Minimization In Concrete Structures Undergoing Hygrothermal Phenomena; Cristina Zanotti, Alberto Meda, Giovanni Plizzari, and Stefano Cangiano – 32

Severe cracking can develop due to hydrothermal phenomena of concrete such as shrinkage and thermal variations. A numerical study on the structural effects of hydration heat and shrinkage was conducted to determine solutions that can be adopted in practice to minimize the risk of cracking.

2. Probabilistic Optimization of Design for Cracking; Milan Holicky – 536

F�uzzy-probabilistic methods were employed to analyze and optimize the reliability of structures with respect to selected serviceability limit states. The methodology was applied to water-retaining structures with cracking as the serviceability limit.

3. Durability Class of Concrete; Dan Paul Georgescu, Adelina-Carmen Apostu, and Radu Ioan Pascu – 146

The implementation of the durability-class concept is described, which is used to establish common rules for durability compliance with specific European regulations for design (EN 1992-1-1 - Eurocode 2), production of concrete (EN206-1), or execution of works for reinforced concrete structures (pr EN 13670) taking into consideration all the measures that will ensure the sustainability of RC structures.

4. Behavior and Evaluation of Special Works: Cracking and Shrinkage A review of how parameters influencing cracking are taken into account; Jacques Cortade, Philippe Bisch, and Daniele Chauvel – 384

The F�rench Community of Concrete Construction initiated a research project to improve knowledge regarding concrete cracking. The objective was to modify existing standard formulas for calculating spacing and width of cracks and to give engineers a guide and practical analytical tools.

5. The Rion-Antirion Bridge: Concrete Durability; Francois Cussign, Christophe Carde, Panayotis Papanikolas, and Aris Stathopoulos-Vlamis – 263

Concrete durability was a major issue for the Rion-Antirion Bridge project in Greece due to the adverse environmental site conditions and the 120-year service-life requirement. The adopted strategy included reducing the rate of chloride penetration based on proper definition of exposure zones, definition of appropriate concrete cover, and proper characterization and evaluation of the concrete.

9:30am – 11:00amCourse: EAD10: Seismic Design – Part IVroom: Chesapeake 4-5Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Shear Strength of Beam-Column Joints Under Seismic Loading - F�iber Effectiveness; Giuliana Somma – 73

The effect of fiber-reinforced concrete (F�RC) on strengthening beam-column joints was investigated to determine whether the fiber shear resisting contribution was correlated with the transverse reinforcement or concrete contribution to shear resistance. An expression to calculate the shear strength of F�RC beam-column joints with transverse reinforcement was obtained.

2. Precast Concrete Columns Connections for Earthquake Resistance - Experimental Research; Viorel Popa, Radu Pascu, and Dragos Cotofana – 508

F�our specimens were tested to investigate the difference between the performance of cast-in-place and precast concrete joints.

3. Behavior of Joints Between Lightweight Concrete Beams and Normal Concrete Columns in Seismic Regions; Mohamed El Zareef and Mike Schlaich – 168

Eight concrete beams and normal concrete columns in seismic regions.

4. Application Of 150 MPA Ultra-High-Strength Concrete F�or a 59-Story RC Building In a Seismic Region; Hideki Kimura, Tadao Ueda, and Kenro Mitsui – 78

Recent research works, design methods, and construction practices for the application of high-strength and ultra-high-strength concrete to RC buildings will be presented including the description of the design and construction of a 59-story RC high-rise building using 150 MPa ultra-high-strength concrete.

5. Experiences F�rom L'aquila 2009 Earthquake; Marco Menegotto – 658

This presentation describes the effects of the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake that affected the densely inhabited Abruzzi region in Italy. The past and present seismic code provisions, construction features that gave rise to the damages, and mistakes in design and construction will be discussed with particular attention given to precast concrete structures.



9:30am – 11:00amCourse: EAD11: Structural Behavior – Part Iroom: Chesapeake 7-9Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Evaluation of Shear Design Procedures for Prestressed Concrete Members; Jaeman Lee, Minehiro Nishiyama, and Masanori Tani – 455

Two shear-design methods presented in the Architectural Institute of Japan standard for design of prestressed concrete are presented and compared. One method is empirical and the other is analogous to a strut-and-tie model.

2. Modeling Shear Capacity of Beams Longitudinally and Transversely Reinforced with ASTM A1035 Steel; Admasu Desalegne and Adam Lubell – 276

This paper focuses on the evaluation of shear-capacity models for concrete when applied to members containing high-performance steel longitudinal and transverse reinforcement conforming to ASTM A1035. Parametric studies were completed using analytical models based on the existing North American and European code methods.

3. Reducing the Discrepancy in Calculated Shear Capacity at the Transition from a Deep to Slender Beam; David Birrcher, Robin Tuchscherer, and Oguzhan Bayrak – 403

A study was performed to investigate the discrepancy in shear capacity calculated with strut-and-tie models and sectional models near the transition between deep and slender beams. Based on the analysis of 179 tests, both new tests and those found in the literature, the discrepancies were greatly reduced with the use of strut-and-tie model provisions developed in this study that were largely based on fib (1999) recommendations.

4. Shear F�ailure of Large Concrete Beams: Material Parameter Identification; David Lehky, Drahomir Novak, Jiri Dolezel, and Vladimir Cervenka – 472

A parameter identification method used for the prediction of response of reinforced concrete beams is described. The proposed identification method utilizes a stochastic simulation with Latin Hypercube Sampling, which reflects the sensitivity of resistance to the input parameters.

5. Towards Efficient Shear Reinforcement Design Limits In Prestressed Concrete Beams; Alejandro Avendano and Oguzhan Bayrak – 374

The appropriateness of the current design specifications for minimum shear reinforcement and maximum nominal shear strength for prestressed concrete members is evaluated by using the University of Texas’s Prestressed Concrete Shear Database. Based on gathered experimental evidence, new design provisions for minimum shear reinforcement and maximum nominal shear strength are proposed.

9:30am – 11:00amCourse: EAD12: fireroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. F�ire Resistance of Metal Anchors for the Use in Concrete; Gerhart Lange – 13

An investigation to compare the behavior of anchors under bending cracks and cracks caused by fire is presented. DIBt is preparing a proposal for a harmonized assessment of post-installed reinforcing bar under fire exposure for European technical approvals.

2. Validation of a thermo-mechanical model for RC slabs during fire; Emmanuel Annerel and Luc Taerwe – 21

The results of a large real-scale fire test programme executed in Belgium in the 1970's to investigate the fire resistance of reinforced concrete slabs are used to validate a 2D thermo-mechanical model for RC slabs during fire. The results show adequate agreement between the experimental data and the calculated response according to the models for siliceous concrete.

3. Steel hollow columns filled with self-compacting concrete under ordinary temperature and fire conditions; Jean-Claude Dotreppe, Thi Binh Chu, and Jean-Marc Franssen – 100

Results of research into the fire behavior of concrete- filled hollow steel section columns is presented. Self compacting concrete has been used due to the short distance between the profiles. Comparisons have been made with the results obtained by the non linear F�inite Element code SAF�IR developed at the University of Liege.

4. Repair of fire damaged load-bearing concrete columns; Hanna Aho, Timo Inha, Jussi Mattila, and Matti Pentti – 218

The methods used for the evaluation and repair of a fire-damaged three-story parking garage in F�inland are presented. Three alternative repair methods were presented and each column was repaired after an individual appraisal of its condition.

5. Structure F�ire Resistance : A Joint Approach Between Modelling And F�ull Scale Testing; Fabienne Robert, Serge Rimlinger, and Cédric Collignon – 419

A novel experimental method to account for changing restraint conditions during a fire is described. The approach to study a floor system is presented, including the steps related to numerical simulation, the understanding of the global behavior in accordance to the solution applied in practice (tying system, longitudinal, and transversal) and the fire-resistance test.



2:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD13: Engineering Analysis – Part Iroom: Chesapeake 4-5Paper Titles & Authors:

1. The Calculation of the Mean Curvature in Service Conditions with Refined and Simplified Models; Pier Giorgio Debernardi, Matteo Guiglia, and Maurizio Taliano – 72

As an alternative to more complex calculations of deflections, the international standards propose simplified formulations with the purpose to reduce the difficulties of calculation. In this context, the present paper analyzes the basic assumptions and the critical aspects of the simplified models.

2. Multiply Connected Reinforced Structures with Rational Parameters; Valery Shmukler and Gennadiy Molodchenko – 259

A method is presented to optimize void-forms for hollow reinforced concrete sections. The combination of finite elements method and system parameter regulation technique, especially in the form of adaptive evolution method, opens the way to construction of procedures for direct determination of physico-geometrical characteristics of this type of structure.

3. Simplified Assessment of Bending Moment Capacity for RC Members with Circular Cross-Section; Edoardo Cosenza, Carmine Galasso, and Giuseppe Maddaloni – 630

Simplified expressions for the evaluations of bending moment of resistance for RC members with circular cross section are presented. The performed analyses demonstrate that the design value of moment capacity, determined by the proposed approach, is very close to the results obtained applying rigorous methods.

4. Bayesian Updating of the Safety Level of Concrete Elements Using Information from Test Results and Conformity Assessment; Robby Caspeele and Luc Taerwe – 88

A method is described which can update the strength distribution of a concrete lot based on direct strength results or indirect information obtained through conformity control. The updated strength distribution can be translated into an updated safety index using standard reliability methods.

5. Experimental Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Pre-shaped Beams Under F�lexure; Jose Guilherme Melo and Denio Oliveira – 591

Reinforced concrete preshaped beams are structural elements with superficial precast concrete layer used as formwork which stays permanently on the structure after the concrete placement in situ. The advantages of this

system, along with experimental behavior in shear and flexure tests, are presented.

2:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD14: Structural Behavior – Part IIroom: Chesapeake 7-9Paper Titles & Authors:

1. F�inite Element Modelling Of Beams Under Prevalent Shear Actions; Gabriele Bertagnoli, Giuseppe Mancini, Antonino Recupero, and Nino Spinella – 125

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the response of a two-dimensional finite element modeling approach for the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structural elements, such as deep beams. Concrete is treated as an orthotropic material with smeared cracks and reinforcement.

2. Strut-And-Tie Models Utilizing Concrete Tension F�ields; Karl-Heinz Reineck – 162

This paper describes the shear transfer in members without shear reinforcement and derives a simple truss model with inclined concrete ties. However, the ultimate capacity is not explained by the concrete ties attaining the concrete tensile strength but by the limited capacity of the friction along the cracks and the dowel action.

3. Abutment Shear Wall Of Viaduct 1 On Algarve Highway; Miguel Lourenco and Joao Almeida – 264

This example demonstrates the application of strut-and-tie models for the design of a viaduct's fixed abutments and shear walls subject to seismic and permanent loads.

4. Shear F�ailure Of Large Lightly Reinforced Concrete Beams – Assessment Of Global Safety Of Resistance; Vladimir Cervenka, Jiri Dolezel, and Drahomir Novak – 475

A global safety format has been proposed for verification of safety of resistance calculated by non-linear analysis. This paper compares four methods of safety assessment, including (1) Global safety factor according to Eurocode 2 – for bridges; (2) Global safety method based on estimate of coefficient of variation (ECOV method); (3) F�ull probabilistic analysis; (4) Partial safety factor method.

5. Shear Capacity Of Steel F�iber Reinforced Concrete Beams With Stirrups; Jan Lingemann, Julia Sauer, Konrad Zilch – 532

In order to evaluate the shear strength of beams madeSF�RC, data of tests on beams with and without additional stirrups have been collected from literature. In this paper the results of the test beams with stirrups are compared to the analytical approach according to the German guideline for SF�RC, which is similar to that according to RILEM Recommendations.



2:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD15: Aestheticsroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Khalsa Heritage Complex, Punjab, India: Converting Architectural F�antasy to Reality in Structural Concrete; Mahesh Tandon and Vinay Gupta – 118

This paper presents information on the viaducts of the Delhi Metro, which is an important monumental building project in this part of the world, designed by an international collaboration of structural engineers and architects.

2. Unique concrete structures tailor-made with the use of SCC, robots and digital architecture; Mette Glavind – 463

The paper describes a radically new concept of producing unique, tailor-made concrete structures with complex geometries using an industrialized and cost effective approach based on robots, ICT and advanced concrete technology. The paper will present the vision, the preliminary results, and the content of the future work in the TailorCrete project.

3. Precast Ultra High Performance F�iber Reinforced Concrete Replaces Stone and Granite on Building F�açade; Gamal A. M. Ghoneim, Raafat El-Hacha, Gerald Carson, and Don Zakariasen – 648

This paper will show how UHPC is used in the design of a four-story building façade in a high-seismic zone. Test results depicting panel behavior during elastic and inelastic stages and correlation with the design predictions are presented to show how UHPC behavior can be safely predicted.

4. New research results on concrete aesthetics and practical experience in Germany; Ludger Lohaus – 248

Guidelines for fair-faced concrete include recommendations for texture, porosity, constancy of the colour shade, evenness, construction joint, and classes of the formwork material. This paper presents a review of present research results and ongoing research activities into fair-faced concrete.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD16: Engineering Analysis – Part IIroom: Chesapeake 4-5Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Adaptive Stress F�ield Models; Miguel Lourenco and Joao Almeida – 262

A new Stress F�ield Model approach, entitled Adaptive Stress F�ield Model, extends the application of stress field based models for nonlinear analysis of structural concrete discontinuity regions. F�or the validation of the presented technique, numerical results are compared with monotonic and pseudo-cyclic tests and nonlinear finite-element analysis.

2. Applications of Stress F�ields to Assess The Behavior and Strength of Coupling Beams Subjected to Seismic Actions; Sergio Brena, Miguel Fernandez Ruiz, and Aurelio Muttoni – 534

In this paper, the behavior and strength of coupling beams is investigated through the analysis of an experimental test program of four large-scale specimens conducted at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The test results are analyses using the stress field method, providing a rational and consistent approach for obtaining realistic shear-drift envelope curves to be used for design.

3. Semispace F�EM element; Radim Cajka – 415A stress-strain analysis of a plate foundation structure, including interaction with subsoil, is accomplished with a contact F�EM element based on a nonlinear modified model of 3D elastic half space in accordance with European and Czech standard. Results of numerical examples are compared with linear space solution by means of 3D F�EM elements in commercial software.

4. Instability Problems-Investigation of P-critical joint under moment loads; Velvet Karatzas and Elisabeth Karatzas – 456

Based on observations of buildings following earthquake events, a new concept, that of Pcritical of a joint, for the load bearing capacity of RC structures was introduced. In this paper, an investigation was carried out for critical joint under moment loads, the aim of which is to consider another criterion that, in addition to the existing ones, may reflect better the actual performance of RC structures in order to avoid the formation of a joint failure mode.

5. Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design With Truss Topology Optimization; Cristopher Moen and James Guest – 679

A computational framework is described that extends and automates the useful idea that a truss can approximate disturbed strain fields in concrete by utilizing truss



topology optimization, a free-form design methodology for optimizing material distributions within a domain.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD17: Structural Behavior – Part IIIroom: Chesapeake 7-9Paper Titles & Authors:

1. A Theoretical Modeling of Prestressed Concrete Members Subjected to Shear Considering Bond Strength of PT bars; Masanori Tani and Minehiro Nishiyama – 435

A set of design equations based on the truss and arch mechanisms is proposed, which can predict the shear strength of prestressed concrete members taking into account the yielding of longitudinal mild steel reinforcement and bond strength of PT bars. Test results from 119 prestressed concrete beams and columns found in the past literature are compared with the results evaluated by the design equations proposed in the paper.

2. Shear capacity of 50 years old reinforced concrete bridge deck without shear reinforcement; Yuguang Yang, Joop den Uijl, Gerrie Dieteren, and Ane de Boer – 570

As part of a larger study into reserve capacity of older bridges, an investigation of whether full existing compressive strength can be taken into account in shear-strength evaluation was undertaken. Two test series consisting of six tests on old concrete beams and six tests on new concrete beams with shear slenderness ratios varying between 2.2 and 3.8 and measured compressive cube strength of 80 MPa have been performed.

3. Shear Capacity of Steel F�iber Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups; Julia Sauer, Jan Lingemann, Christian Gläser, and Konrad Zilch – 533

The shear strength of beams made of SF�RC without stirrups was evaluated based on a data base of tests on some 400 beams that have been collected from literature. Evaluations clearly show that steel fibers increase the shear capacity of the tested beams and that the analytical approaches underestimate the shear capacity of SF�RC beams.

4. Stress F�ield Analysis of Structural Concrete Beams; Viktor Sigrist and Britta Hackbarth – 377

Existing uniform shear models have been extended with respect to compatibility of deformations as well as to the determination of the effective concrete compressive strength. This paper provides an overview of these developments and demonstrates that stress field analysis - or truss models - are a sound basis for design and detailing.

5. Effects of Combined Low Temperature and Sustained Loading on Concrete Girders Prestressed using Carbon F�iber-Reinforced Polymer (CF�RP) Rods; Ray Saeidi, Amir Fam, and Mark Green – 442

The behavior of precast concrete beams prestressed bycarbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CF�RP) rods is studiedunder the combined effects of sustained load and verylow temperature.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD18: High Performance Concreteroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. High Performance Concrete Corbels Cast in Different Stage of the Column for Precast Concrete Connections; Mounir Khalil El Debs, Jonatas B. A. Costa, Luiz E. T. Ferreira and Ana Lúcia El Debs – 257

A unique precast corbel system, consisting of a precast high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete corbel cast against an ordinary concrete column, is presented. Details of design, fabrication, and full-scale testing are discussed.

2. Evaluation of the Diagonal Compressive Capacity of Reinforced High Strength Concrete Beams; Ken Watanabe, Chikaharu Kobayashi, and Junichiro Niwa – 76

The objective of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of diagonal compression failure in RC beams and propose an equation for predicting the diagonal compressive capacity, including high-strength concrete. The results of three-point bend tests confirmed that existing equations were not able to calculate the value of the diagonal compressive capacity accurately.

3. Complex Investigations of High-strength Cast Concretes for Cast-in-situ Construction of Massive Structures, Roadway and Airfield Coverings; Luriy Nemchynov and Genrikh Girshtel – 662

This paper presents the results of long-term experimental and technical investigations of high-strength concretes with compressive strengths over 80 MPa, which incorporate poly-functional admixtures, consisting of aluminate siliceous fine-dispersed component and organic super- and hyper-plasticizers.



Tuesday, June 17:30am – 9:00amCourse: EAD19: Engineering Analysis – Part IIIroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Analytical solutions for the problem of cable bending; Antonio Caballero and Marcel Poser – 1

This work studies the phenomenon of stress concentration due to bending at different locations for two different scenarios: cable attached to a fixed end and cable passing through a flexible guide. Through the work new analytical expressions will be given which will be later used to establish a lower and upper boundary for bending stresses at the anchorage and at the location of the guide.

2. A frictional damper study: experimental and analytical work; Antonio Caballero and Marcel Poser – 2

The sag of the cable, and therefore those parameters with a direct influence on it (i.e. flexibility of the cable, linear mass and cable axial force), is known to have a certain effect on the overall dynamic behavior of the cable. The whole situation can be described, as well predicted, by a single non-dimensional parameter, the so-called Irvine parameter. Here the evolution and the influence that the Irvine parameter has in real cables is first studied from an analytical point of view. Subsequently, experimental results of a high efficiency friction damper installed in a shallow cable are presented. These experimental results are also discussed and interpreted on the basis of the foregoing analytical work.

3. A simplified method for the evaluation of bridges response under a spatial varying ground motion; Alessio Lupoi – 660

In this study, two viable alternative approaches available in literature to evaluate a bridge response under a spatially varying ground motion (nonlinear dynamic analysis for artificially generated sets of accelerograms and the Response Spectrum Method) are applied to a large catalogue of RC bridges under different combinations of soils and nonsynchronous conditions. The final purpose of the study is to suggest an approximate procedure applicable for design.

4. Assessment of the characteristic strength of concrete from small samples based on Bayesian updating with prior information; Robby Caspeele and Luc Taerwe – 87

In this paper, the Bayesian background for the estimation of the characteristic concrete strength in existing structures according to the ISO standards will be given. Methods to use prior information on concrete strength in

the calculation of fractiles is described.

5. Modeling the Ageing of Concrete under Nuclear Waste Disposal Conditions; Olli-Pekka Kari and Jari Puttonen – 273

To investigate the long term durability of concrete structures used for nuclear waste containment, the effect of the interaction between different mechanisms on the aging of reinforced concrete was studied. The mechanisms recognized and studied were the aerial carbonation of concrete, moisture ingress, chloride penetration, the corrosion of concrete caused by the intrusion of both sulphate and magnesium, and the leaching of cement paste compounds into groundwater.

7:30am – 9:00amCourse: EAD20: Structural Behavior – Part IVroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Limits to plastic analysis design due to size-scale effects on the rotational capacity of plastic hinges; Mauro Corrado, Marco Paggi, and Alberto Carpinteri – 376

In the present paper, a numerical algorithm based on the finite-element method is proposed for the prediction of the mechanical behavior of the plastic hinges, using the Overlapping Crack Model, based on nonlinear fracture mechanics concepts, to describe concrete crushing. According to this model, the concrete damage in compression is represented by means of a fictitious interpenetration and the larger the interpenetration, the lower the transferred forces across the damaged zone.

2. Estimating Extreme Thermal Actions in Concrete Structures; Oskar Larsson – 144

This paper presents a study of thermal effects in concrete slabs with asphalt overlays. A finite-element model was developed to predict pavement temperatures based on meteorological data, and the model results were compared to field measurements.

3. Time-Dependent Effects on the Compressive Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Under Elevated Temperatures; Adam Knaack, David Kirkne, and Yahya Kurama – 382

This paper focuses on the development of time-dependent compressive stress-strain relationships featuring mechanical, thermal, creep, and transient strain components for concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. Several hypothetical, analytical experiments are employed to investigate the behavior of concrete under time-varying stress and temperature conditions.

4. F�ailure Mode of F�atigue Resistance by Detection of Micro cracks; Andreas Unterweger, Ronald Mihala,



Panagiotis Spyridis and Konrad Bergmeister – 564Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) is used to detect superficial micro cracks directly after their initiation and their crack width can be quantified in the range of micrometers. In this way, the failure mode of anchors in concrete at various load levels can be identified.

5. Cracking of pre-tensioned structures; Pier Giorgio Debernardi and Maurizio Taliano- 71

The structural behavior of partially prestressed concrete members is analyzed in this paper distinguishing two phases: the single crack formation phase and the stabilized cracking phase. The first phase allows the minimum reinforcement ratio to be determined as a function of the crack width, while the second allows the crack width to be calculated at serviceability.

9:30am – 11:00amCourse: EAD21: Design & Construction – Part Iroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Shear Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Columns: Proposal for Standards; José Turmo, Gonzalo Ramos, and Ángel Carlos Aparicio – 11

The paper presents an analytical model for the contribution of transverse reinforcement (circular hoops or spirals) to the shear strength of members with solid circular cross section.

2. Simplified Method F�or The Evaluation Of The Ultimate Load Of High Performance Concrete Columns; Axel Remont, Marie Herode, Hugues Somja, and Jean-Claude Dotreppe – 99

Geometric and material nonlinear finite-element analysis is used to develop a simplified method to take into account P-delta effects in the design of slender, high-strength concrete columns. Instead of the nominal stiffness of the Eurocode 2 simplified approach, it uses an effective stiffness derived from the strain and stress distribution at the column ultimate load.

3. Empirical Method To Estimate Long-Term Deflections Of Reinforced Concrete Members; Franz A. Zahn and Jose I. Restrepo – 4

On the basis of 73 long-term deflection tests and nonlinear finite-element simulations of RC beams and slabs found in the literature, an empirical expression is derived for a magnification factor of elastic and creep deflections, accounting for shrinkage, cracking, tension and compression reinforcement ratios and for the slenderness of the member.

4. Efforts Redistribution In The "Base–F�oundation–Building" System Whith The Taken Into Consideration

Of Plasto-Elastic Soil Base Deformation; Alla Morgun and Ivan Met – 337

3D finite-element analysis is used to study the force redistribution in the soil-foundation-superstucture system due to soil deformations and nonlinearities.

5. Numerical Method Of Boundary Elements In Applied Researches Of Plate-Pile F�oundation Behavior Of High–Rise Buildings; Alla Morgun and Andriy Nitsevych – 338

A Boundary Element approach is developed and applied for the analysis of the raft-on-pile foundation of high-rise buildings and the calculation of settlements.

9:30am – 11:00amCourse: EAD22: Structural Behavior – Part Vroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Lateral-Torsional Buckling Experiments on Rectangular Prestressed Concrete Beams; Jonathan Hurff and Lawrence Kahn – 104

Tests on six rectangular P/C beams to investigate their lateral-torsional buckling behavior show that the prestressing strands do not restrain the beam from buckling nor makes it behave as a beam/column. The behavior was similar to that of R/C beams, except for the effects of the stress state on material properties and those of prestressing on cracking and rigidity.

2. Tension stiffening of tension members under highly repeated loads; Carlos Zanuy, Luis Albajar, and Pablo de la Fuente – 112

A cycle-dependent model is developed for the deformations and crack width of R/C tension members under repeated loads. It is found that cyclic bond degradation diminishes tension stiffening at maximum load, so that the response is close to that of the naked reinforcement. However, cracks and deformations under the minimum (i.e., permanent) load are larger than those of the naked reinforcement due to negative bond stresses.

3. Tension-Stiffening Relationships Based on Design Code Provisions; Gintaris Kaklauskas, Viktor Gribniak, and Darius Bacinskas – 223

Present research was aiming at deriving tension-stiffening relationship based on Eurocode 2 provisions for deformation analysis of bending RC members. According to the algorithm proposed by the authors, tension-stiffening relationships were derived from moment-curvature diagrams of reinforced concrete beams calculated using Eurocode 2 technique. The obtained relationships were applied in the numerical study, using nonlinear finite element software ATENA and Layer section model. Theoretical results were compared with



experimental data of beams reported in the literature. The analyses have shown that the deformations of flexural RC members calculated using the derived tension-stiffening relationship and the Eurocode 2 technique were in good agreement.

4. The Comprehensive Crack-resisting Method for Super-long Prestressed Concrete Structures; Dabin Feng and Jianlin Nan – 642

Based on experience from recent projects, methods for crack control in very-long-span P/C structures, taking into account restraint by vertical elements, are discussed, proposed, and applied in practice.

5. Long-term behavior of composite concrete girders made continuous; Snežana Mašovi and Saša Stoši – 422

Nonlinear time-dependent F�E simulations of long-term tests of R/C beams connected after construction into continuous ones are carried out, to study the effects of time-dependent deformations. Comparisons are made with the results of simplified methods.

2:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD23: Design & Construction – Part IIroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Slenderness influence on the behavior of circular concrete-filled steel tubular columns under axial loads; Walter Luiz Andrade de Oliveira, Ana Lúcia Homce de Cresce El Debs, Silvana De Nardin, and Mounir Khalil El Debs – 256

16 axial load tests on concrete-filled steel tubular columns were carried out. Results show a decrease in the post-ultimate ductility due to confinement with increased concrete strength, but little sensitivity to the column slenderness. Results are compared to ANSI/AISC, Eurocode 4, or other code predictions.

2. Real strain evolution in concrete columns, monitoring results and CEB-F�IP Model Code 1990; Branko Glisic, Daniele Inaudi, Joo Ming Lau, and Chor Cheong Fong – 279

F�iber optic sensors embedded in fresh concrete of ground-level columns in a Singapore building have provided the evolution of strains during construction and for 8 years of service, including the effects of creep and shrinkage, temperature, humidity and live-load variations, differential settlement of foundations, and even an earthquake in Indonesia. Measurements are compared with the numerical evolution based on CEB-F�IP MC90 models, both to evaluate the latter and interpret the former.

3. Short-Term Deflections of RC Members: Codes versus F�E Modeling; Viktor Gribniak, Gintaris Kaklauskas,

and Darius Bacinskas – 227The paper statistically investigates accuracy of predictions of short-term deflections/curvatures. The comparative study was based on the predictions made by design codes (Eurocode 2, ACI 318 and SP 52-101) and numerical technique (F�E package ATENA). Two analyses, i.e. including and excluding shrinkage occurring prior to loading, have been performed using ATENA software. Accuracy of deflection/curvature predictions varied significantly with change in load intensity and reinforcement ratio, i.e. it was improving with increasing of latter parameters. Therefore, separate analyses were performed for members divided into three reinforcement ratio intervals: p ≤ 0.4; 0.4 < p ≤= 0.8 and p > 0.8. Strikingly different results were obtained for the members with minimal reinforcement ratio. Another point of sharp contrast was significantly larger prediction scatter atearly cracking stages.

4. Structural analysis of tall buildings subjected to lateral loads: Effects of bracings of different height; Alberto Carpinteri, Mauro Corrado, and Giuseppe Lacidogna – 398

A 3D analysis approach is presented for the preliminary design of tall RC buildings with various types and combinations of bracings, for lateral loadings.

5. Design of T-joints in an Offshore Concrete Terminal; Hannes Ludescher and Stein Atle Haugerud – 267

The process for the design of T-joints in a concrete offshore terminal is described. It requires significant engineering judgement, because discontinuity (D-) regions do not lend themselves to systematic, automated verification by a computer of the safety and serviceability for hundreds of design combinations for the various phases of construction.

2:00pm – 3:30pmCourse: EAD24: Structural Behavior – Part VIroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Influence of Textile Reinforcement on the Principle Stress Condition of Strengthened RC Beams; Regine Ortlepp, Anett Brückner, and Manfred Curbach – 147

Tests on T-beams strengthened in shear with external, brittle, textile-reinforced concrete show that the increase in shear resistance is less than the theoretical contribution of the strengthening material. Measurements and strut-and-tie-modeling points as a reason to the larger inclination of the compression strut at ultimate load compared to that in a beam with steel stirrups alone.

2. Experimental and Analytical Behavior of Lightweight



Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass-F�iber Rods; Mohamed El Zareef and Mike Schlaich – 163

Because of its favorable physical properties and its good durability, a new lightweight concrete mix was designed with dry density of 1.25 g/cm³, concrete class LC 30/33 and thermal conductivity ldry,10 = 0.33 W/mk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of beams constructed from lightweight concrete and reinforced with glass-fiber reinforcement) and steel reinforcement. Ten beams, including two control beams made from normal concrete C 30/37 and reinforced with steel reinforcement, were tested for flexural strength capacity, shear strength capacity, ductile behavior and bond behavior in tension and compression zones of the beams.

3. F�lexural Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced With Basalt F�RP Bars; Anil Patnaik, Sudeep Adhikari, Poya Bani-Bayat, and Paul Robinson – 484

The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of F�RP bars with basalt fibers (BF�RP) were measured around 1100MPa and 41.5GPa, respectively. Thirteen beams reinforced with BF�RP bars were tested in bending. The ACI 440.1R-06 design recommendations were found mostly adequate for the prediction of their ultimate moment.

4. Longitudinal Shear Behavior and Analysis of Cast-In-Place Concrete Toppings Reinforced with Carbon F�iber Grids; Rudolf Seracino, Hartley Grimes, Sami Rizkalla, and Gregg Blaszak – 490

22 single-shear tests were carried out to simulate a longitudinal joint of adjacent double-tees with cast-in-place concrete topping reinforced with carbon-fiber grids, which have better durability then welded-wire fabric. The longitudinal shear behavior with carbon-fiber grids is found comparable to that with welded-wire fabric. It can be predicted by shear-friction models for steel-reinforced concrete (e.g. from 6th edition of PCI Design Handbook, ACI 318-08, and more accurate ones) after considering the difference between the materials.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD25: Structural Behavior – Part VIIroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Composite Insulated Wall Panels Using Carbon F�iber Grid; Yoo Jae Kim and Thomas Harmon – 494

The paper describes the flexural design (ultimate strength, cracking moment, deflections) and the test results of composite wall panels employing carbon-fiber grids and expanded polystyrene insulation. The important role of shear transfer and shear deformations is highlighted.

2. Pushover Analyses of Precast Structural Wall Buildings;

Beatrice Belletti, Antonello Gasperi, Ivo Iori, and Paolo Riva – 445

Pushover nonlinear seismic analyses and evaluations are carried out for multistory buildings consisting of precast walls designed to provide the full lateral resistance, and frames of precast beams and columns not considered in design as moment resisting.

3. Direct Displacement-Based Design of Controlled Rocking Precast Wall Panels Systems; Vassilis Mpampatsikos and Davide Bolognin – 194

F�ormulas are proposed for the equivalent viscous damping of hybrid rocking walls with mild-steel dissipative devices. A multistory building is then designed either with monolithic connections or wall-base rocking or multi-rocking at story levels, and seismic response results are compared.

4. Challenges in the Creep Buckling Analysis of Thin-Walled Concrete Shells; Ehab Hamed and Mark Bradford – 468

The paper highlights and addresses some of the modelling and computational challenges associated with predicting the creep buckling behaviour of thin-walled concrete shells. Different creep mathematical models are examined, and the effects of shrinkage, aging, gradual loading, and geometric imperfection are outlined through numerical studies. A shallow concrete dome is considered for the numerical examples.

5. Development of a High Performance Saddle System; Rachid Annan – 702

The paper describes a new saddle system for parallel strand stay cables and documents its static, fatigue, and durability performance. Individual strands are deviated through individual optimal-shape guide voids, offering high friction coefficient and superior fatigue performance via a suitable filler.

4:00pm – 5:30pmCourse: EAD26: Structural Behavior – Part VIIIroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Experimental Tests on Precast Tunnel Segments in F�iber Reinforced Concrete; Angelo Caratelli, Alberto Meda, Zila Rinaldi, Paolo Romualdi, and Paolo Perruzza – 396

F�ull-scale precast tunnel segments in fiber-reinforced or conventional R/C were tested in compression to simulate the jack force of the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and in flexure. Results show better crack opening performance with fiber-reinforced concrete.

2. Development of design method for concrete filled steel box (CF�SB) footing; Muhammad Aun Bashir, Tamon



Ueda, and Hitoshi Furuuchi – 5463D finite-element analysis is used to develop a design method for concrete-filled-steel-box footings, where the column and/or pile is inserted, and study the effect of column insertion length, material strength, footing depth, column size, shape, and length on the pile anchorage strength under static axial loads. Results show higher peak loads and more ductile post-peak behavior than in conventional R/C footings, owing to confinement by the steel box, which also serves as skin steel reinforcement. The system allows prefabrication and reduces construction time.

3. Reinforcing Dikes with sheet piles made of high performance concrete; Cornelis van der Veen, Rene Braam, and Math Pluis – 79

The design and cost effectiveness of reinforcing peat dikes using 45-mm-thick prefabricated prestressed concrete sheet piles of high-strength steel-fiber-reinforced concrete with strand cover of only 15 to 20mm are highlighted. F�or durability, accelerated tests were carried out in chloride-containing solutions and for carbonation.

4. CO2 Emission from Precast Concrete System with Micropiles; Isamu Yoshitake, Yoshikazu Inatomi, Andrew Scanlon, and Fusanori Miura – 360

The CO2 emissions and environmental impact of precast micropile construction are evaluated and found less than for cast-in-place concrete. The application refers to microplies under L-shaped retaining walls, for which a special connection system is proposed.

Wednesday, June 28:00am – 9:30amCourse: EAD27: Connections & Anchorages – Part Iroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Concrete Hinges - historical development and contemporary use; Steffen Marx and Gregor Schacht – 89

Design rules for concrete hinges, based on old codes, outdated material description, and global safety factors, are revisited and adapted to current codes, with the help of nonlinear F�E calculations.

2. Design Concept for Butt-Jointed In-Situ Concrete Columns According to Eurocode 2; Jens Minnert and Markus Blatt – 633

Tests and finite-elements are used to study the load-bearing capacity of butt-jointed in-situ concrete columns. Columns with sufficient stirrups attain about 90% of theoretical ultimate load of those with continuous

longitudinal bars and are little sensitive to bar misalignment.

3. Alternative Detail of the Connection Reinforcement for Columns and Walls fixed at the F�ooting; Franz A. Zahn – 5

U-shaped starter bars in the connection of the base of a column to its the footing, reducing steel congestion there compared to starter bars with 90-degree (horizontal) hooks at the bottom of the footing, are studied through tests and nonlinear finite-element analyses of such connections. Parameters investigated are the aspect ratio of the footing, the bar diameter and reinforcement ratio, and the development length.

4. Comparison between numerical and experimental cyclic response of alternative column to foundation connections of RC precast structures; Ettore Fagà, Lorenzo Bianco, Davide Bolognini, and Roberto Nascimbene – 137

F�ull scale tests and 3D nonlinear finite elements are used to study the cyclic response of a connection between precast columns and footings based on mechanical connection of steel shoes embedded in the column and steel bolts protruding from the footing, instead of a precast pocket foundation.

5. Behavior of Anchors in High Performance Concretes; Norbert Randl and Oliver Gusella – 172

200 pull-out tests of various chemical anchors in high-performance concrete (HPC) are carried out for concrete strength between 110 and 200 MPa. Unlike low adhesive bonding, high bond mortars were found be suitable for application in HPC.

8:00am – 9:30amCourse: EAD28: Tanks, Cooling Towers & Specialty Structures – Part Iroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Structural Design and Construction of Prestressed Concrete Tanks in a Large Effluent Treating Project; Hang Liu, Chenguang Li, Wenqi Wu, and Xuezhong Yang – 15

The paper presents the design, analysis methods, and construction techniques in several large water tanks in an effluent treatment plant in Zhejiang, P.R. China. Post-tensioning has been used for watertightness.

2. Nuclear Reactor Containments – Evaluation of Prestress Losses and Prediction Models; Peter Lundqvist – 19

Regular loss measurements in unbonded tendons of Swedish reactor containment vessels are compared with predictions of creep, shrinkage, and relaxation models



in CEB-F�IP MC90, ACI 209, PCI Committee on Prestress Losses, etc. Results are used to improve models for the drying shrinkage of concrete.

3. Design and Construction of Two 173m Tall Natural Draught Cooling Towers in India; C. R. Alimchandani and S. N. Patwardhan – 152

The paper describes the design and construction of two RC cooling towers with diameter of 129 m to 73.5 m at the top, for 180 km/h basic wind speed and earthquake ground acceleration of 0.24 g. The shell was cast with jump form shuttering, in parallel with the internal structure supporting the PC laths for cooling and consisting of cast-in-situ columns and precast beams.

4. Wind Effects on Large Diameter Tall RC Chimneys- Comparison of Indian Code, ACI Code, Cicind Code, and Wind Tunnel Tests; S. G. Joglekar and S. N. Patwardhan – 155

Design of tall RC stack for across wind loading according to 1992 Indian Standard for RC chimneys - which assumes periodic vortex shedding irrespective of the Reynolds number - is compared to that per ACI-307-98 and found to be conservative and uneconomical.

5. Design of Large Diameter 275m Tall RCC Chimney with Triple Steel F�lues at Sasan, India; S. G. Joglekar, N. Bandyopadhyay and S. N. Patwardhan – 156

The paper describes the design of two 275-meter-tall triple steel flue RC stacks with diameter from 36.7 m to 24 m, for a basic wind speed of 150 km/h and an earthquake of 0.16 g ground acceleration. Steel flues, of 7.1-meter-dia., are suspended from five intermediate levels spaced at 45 m.

10:00am – 11:30amCourse: EAD29: Connections & Anchorages – Part IIroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Mechanistic analysis of anchorages in concrete close to the edge and its applications; Ronald Mihala and Konrad Bergmeister – 521

Tests and numerical simulations are used to develop a unified design concept for cast-in-place, post-installed bars and bonded anchors in concrete.

2. Novel design approaches for shear loaded fastenings in concrete; Panagiotis Spyridis, Andreas Unterweger, and Konrad Bergmeister – 515

The paper deals with anchor groups close to a free edge under shear loads towards the edge. Experimental and numerical methods are used to provide for a prediction of the ultimate concrete breakout resistance.

3. Group of anchorages close to the edge under oblique loading; Stefan Lachinger, Panagiotis Spyridis,

Andreas Unterweger, and Konrad Bergmeister – 543The paper deals with groups of anchors close to the edge under inclined loading (tension and shear). Based on tests and theoretical considerations the failure modes are analyzed in detail and the results are compared with the interaction criteria according to current guidelines.

4. Tensile Capacity of Headed Studs as a F�unction of Concrete Tensile Strength; Marcus Knight – 555

The pullout capacity of single headed studs in concrete slabs with different density, compressive strength, and tensile strength is measured and its dependence on concrete tensile strength is established.

10:00am – 11:30amCourse: EAD30: Tanks, Cooling Towers & Specialty Structures – Part IIroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Experimental Investigations of Precast Concrete Ribbed Wall Water Tanks Prestressed with an External Unbonded Tendons; Andrzej Stanisław Seruga and Dariusz Henryk Faustmann – 424

The paper presents the design, numerical analysis and construction of cylindrical tanks built of 12 precast 5-m-tall concrete ribbed panels, prestressed with eight external unbonded tendons. Panel displacements and vertical joints were measured during prestressing.

2. Prestressed concrete oil tanks; Jan L. Vitek, Jiri Strasky, Milos Zich, and Pavel Kasal – 680

The paper describes the design, construction, and monitoring scheme of four tanks for oil storage, each with 50-m-diameter and 20 m height. The foundation slab, the cylindrical wall, and the spherical dome are prestressed. Slipforming gave a jointless cylindrical wall in two weeks. The dome shell was cast on the foundation slab and hydraulically lifted into its final position.

3. Thermal cracking prevention with unbonded steel tendons in cylindrical concrete tank wall restrained at foundation slab; Andrzej Seruga and Rafal Szydlowski – 368

Thermal cracking in the cylindrical wall of an 8-m-diameter, 18.4-m-tall concrete tank fixed to the bottom slab was eliminated via post-tensioning of 2.85-m-tall segments 40 hours after casting, before early-age thermal cracking had taken place. Unbonded tendons were used and their stress monitored. Strains and temperatures in the bottom slab and the first two wall segments were also measured and compared with model predictions.

4. State of the art post-tensioning for nuclear containments; Jean-Baptiste Domage, Sébastien Elias,



and Jean-Marie Laurens – 535The paper presents the experience from the construction of a 2.75-m-tall, 49-m-diameter full-scale slice of an EPR-like nuclear containment vessel, employing several alternative tendon schemes, with different anchorages, ducts, or strands and installation and stressing operations. F�riction tests on the overall tendon, measurements of forces in strands of the same tendon, and various cement-grouting methods were tried out.

1:30pm – 3:00pmCourse: EAD31: Slab & floor Systemsroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Numerical and Experimental Study of a Waffle Slab in a Reduced Model Submitted to Linear Loading; Paulete Fridman Schwetz, Francisco P. S. L. Gastal, and Luiz Carlos Pinto da Silva F. – 29

Experimentally validated evaluation of simplified modeling techniques for waffle slabs.

2. Strut-and-tie models to design bridge floors subjected to horizontal actions; Mauro Mezzina, Fabrizio Palmisano, and Domenico Raffaele – 140

An exploration of various methods to develop strut-and-tie models for horizontal actions in bridge floors.

3. Design Model for SF�RC F�lat Slabs with Openings in the Column Area; Julien Michels and Danièle Waldmann – 350

An experimental and numerical investigation of the performance of flat slabs with fiber reinforcement. Design recommendations based on observed failure modes are also included.

4. Post-tensioned concrete flat slabs with shear reinforcement in punching shear; Alessandra L. Carvalho, Guilherme S. Melo, and Ronaldo B. Gomes – 581

An investigation of the resistance and ductility of post-tensioned flat slabs considering unbonded tendons and shear reinforcement. Recommendations for increasing strength and ductility based on existing design provisions are presented.

5. Statistical analysis of climatic temperature variations in a RC building slab; Edoardo Cosenza, Carmine Galasso, and Giuseppe Maddaloni – 632

Analysis of thermal measurements of large floor systems.

1:30pm – 3:00pmCourse: EAD32: Sustainable Solutionsroom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Multi-Parametric NlP Optimization of Singly Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Beams; Ildiko Merta and Stojan Kravanja – 251

Optimization method to find the minimum manufacturing costs of the beams, subjected to the structural analysis and dimensioning constraints based on the European Building Code conditions. To investigate the optimum cost different spans, loading scenarios and support conditions were evaluated.

2. Evaluation of Sustainable Structural Properties of Construction Materials and Life-Cycle Analysis Programs; Joseph Danatzko and Halil Sezen – 428

Summary of the current body of knowledge on sustainable structural design and an evaluation of the existing computational tools used to assess the environmental impact and energy requirements.

3. Study of Pervious Cement Concrete made of Aggregates Recycled from Demolished Concrete Wastes; Prakash Parasivamurthy, Pramod Aralumalligevenkatakrishna, Veena Jawali, and Kiran Kumar Bangalore Venkatesh – 513

Exploration of demolished concrete wastes (DCW) for applications in pervious cement concrete. Variables include type and volume of DCW with a focus on evaluating the effect of replacement of natural aggregate.

3:30pm – 5:00pmCourse: EAD33: Design, Blast & Progressive Collapseroom: Chesapeake 10-12Paper Titles & Authors:

1. Designing for blast loading: Robustness in the face of column collapse in RC structures; Alejandro Perez Caldentey, Francesco Dal Pont, Andrea Facchini, and Francesco Manna – 148

This paper presents a study of the modeling of column collapse and the development of membrane forces within the deformed slab. It proposes simplified formulations for use in everyday design in order to predict the behavior of a damaged structure.

2. Implementation of a BIM 3D Modeling tool in a historic 2D environment; Beth Mitchell – 49

Considerations for implementation of a BIM 3D computer aided design tool in a historic mid size 2D precast design and engineering environment. Included is a discussion on implementation plan, the actual implementation, the training, the advantages and



disadvantages, and the lessons learned.

3. Building double curved shells from plane plate; Sonja Dallinger and Johann Kollegger – 98

A methodology for constructing curved shell elements from plane plates using pneumatic formwork including a description of the fabrication and an ongoing field demonstration.

4. Conversion of Large Cast in Place Shear Walls to Precast; Chad Van Kampen and Alex Mihaylov – 464

A summary of the challenges associated with large-scale conversion projects, including design/logistics, production/handling/transportation, erection, and temporary bracing. Included are suggestions on strategies for finding various solutions to these problems, with a focus on unique structures with large walls such as tanks and performing-arts buildings.

3:30pm – 5:00pmCourse: EAD34: Safety/Service Liferoom: Chesapeake D-fPaper Titles & Authors:

1. Safety aspects reexamination of existing concrete structure; Ane de Boer and Cornelis Van der Veen – 518

A numerical method that uses sequential static analysis process of the fast recalculation of the condition of existing concrete structures is presented. This method allows for consideration of aspects such as crack behavior of the concrete, nonlinear yielding of reinforcement steel, and crushing of concrete.

2. Vulnerability of RC buildings and Risk assessment for Cyprus; Nicholas Kyriakides, Kypros Pilakoutas and Christis Chrysostomou – 519

3. Integrative Design and Assessment of Concrete Structures Based on Inspection and Monitoring Information; Alfred Strauss and Konrad Bergmeister – 541

Methodology for integrative assessment of in-service structures with consideration of semiprobabilistic design approach.

4. Developing standardized guidelines for a safety assessment of shear-critical RC beams based on nonlinear finite element modeling; Beatrice Belletti, Max Hendriks, Joop den Uijl and Cecilia Damoni – 560

Assessment of non-linear performance of commercial finite-element modeling of reinforced concrete beams for developing code-independent guidelines.

5. Measurement uncertainty and POD and its influence remaining service life evaluation; Sylvia Kessler and Christoph Gehlen – 83

Assessment of the impacts of precision and accuracy of NDE methods in decision making. Included is a quantification of the influence of measurement uncertainty and probability of detection on service-life prediction.

Engineering

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