Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.Assistant ProfessorFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial University of Newfoundlandspkenny@engr.mun.ca

ENGI 5708 Design of Civil Engineering Systems

Lecture 01: Course Introduction

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Course OutlineOverview of Systems ApproachOptimization of Linear Problems

Graphical solutionsLinear programmingSensitivity analysisNetwork flow analysis

Decision TheoryRisk and uncertaintyPerformance evaluation

Scheduling Models

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Course ObjectivesTo introduce engineering systems approach

Focus on civil engineering applicationsTo formulate mathematical models to optimize linear problems

Optimization analysis of engineering problems and processesCharacterize problem definition, objective function, parameters and constraints

To develop assessment and decision tools Evaluate performance with respect to engineering criteria, economics and decision theory

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Course Perspective

Critical ThinkingMaking MistakesAsking QuestionsApplying KnowledgeEngagementProfessional Development

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Recommended Reference Text

Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering 2nd Edition

C.S. ReVelle, E.E. Whitlatch, Jr. and J.R. WrightPearson Prentice Hall (ISBN 0-13-047822-9)

Used textbooks are available

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Course Notes

Complements Course ResourcesTextbookThird-party references

Provided as “Gap Notes”Notes of in-class discussions advisedIn class examples will be presented• Accompanying slides will not be provided

Slides intended to engage students for discussion

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MUN Engineering Instructor Website

Course Information and Noteswww.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses

Contact Informationwww.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact

Office HoursMonday and Wednesday (3-5PM)Other times can be scheduled by appointment

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On-Line ResourcesWikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_EngineeringTAMU

http://lowery.tamu.edu/cven422/syllabi/422_07b_20days.htmBristol University

http://www.bristol.ac.uk/civilengineering/research/systems/civilengineeringsystems/

UC Berkeleyhttp://www.ce.berkeley.edu/sys/index.php

Operations Research Management Science Todayhttp://www.lionhrtpub.com/ORMS.shtml

International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) http://www.ifors.org/

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)

http://www.informs.org/

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Course Schedule

LecturesDay: Mon., Wed. & FriTime: 1100-1150Room:EN2007

TutorialDay: ThursdayTime: 1030-1145Room:EN1002

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Course Method of Evaluation4 Assignments 10%

Due Jan. 28, Feb. 11, Mar. 3 & Mar. 171 Quiz 20%

Date TBDGroup Study – Practical Application 10%

Due Mar. 28Group Study Presentation 5%

Date TBDFinal Exam 55%

Date TBD

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Assignments

Work Scope4 assignmentsAvailable on course websiteDue in class on Jan. 28, Feb. 11, Mar. 3 & Mar. 17Late assignments -50%

ObjectivesTo advance critical thinking and problem solving skillsTo demonstrate comprehension of course material by solving assigned problem sets

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Group Study ReportWork Scope

Desktop studyStudy guidance document available on course websiteGroup member composition to be later defined by instructorGroup study report due in class on March 28th

No late submission of study reports (no exceptions)Objectives

To demonstrate comprehension of course material with application of systems engineering concepts to a practical problem in civil engineeringTo solve problems by working in a team environment

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Group Study Report Presentation

Work ScopeStudy presentation during week of March 30th

Presentation method of evaluation on course websiteGroup presentation order and schedule to be later defined by instructor

ObjectivesTo develop communication skillsTo demonstrate comprehension of course material by presenting results from the group study report

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Lecture 01 Objective

To provide an overview of systems

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What is a System?

Oxford English Dictionarya set of things working together as a mechanism or interconnecting networkan organized scheme or method

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What is a System? (cont.)

Wikipediais a set of entities, real or abstract, comprising a whole where each component interacts with or is related to at least one other component and they all serve a common objective. • A subsystem then is a set of elements, which is a

system itself, and a part of the whole system.• Any object which has no relation with any other

element of the system is not part of that system but rather of the system environment.

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System HierarchySystem Environment

Operational, physical or naturalSystems of Systems

Independent systems to provide a capability• Ex: Internet; Integrated air, sea, rail & road transport system

SystemsIntegrated subsystem elements to achieve common objective

• Ex: LAN; Seaport, airport or highway system

SubsystemsInteracting elements with a defined function within a systems context

• Ex: Computer hardware/software; Jetty or terminal

Ref: Adcock (2001) & Jewel (1986)

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System Hierarchy (cont.)

Systems of Systems

StrategicGeneralized high level approachGreater subjectivityManagement oriented

TacticalFocused approachGreater objectivityTechnology oriented

Systems

Subsystems

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System Hierarchy – Waste Management

Ref: Jewel (1986)

1st Level Hierarchy Viewpoint

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System Hierarchy – Bridge Project

Ref: Jewel (1986)

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System Hierarchy – Power Plant

Goals of subsystems meet goal of higher systems – otherwise reformulate

Ref: Jewel (1986)

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System Hierarchy – Power Plant (cont.)

Vertical and Lateral Integration

Ref: Jewel (1986)

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System Hierarchy – Offshore Systems

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Evolution of Systems

Historical PerspectiveDesign solutions• Empirical evidence• Trial and error

Communication• Limited physical records• Verbal• Apprenticeship

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Increasing Systems Complexity

Advancement of Knowledge and TechnologyR&D and Innovation

Vertical or sequential• Ex: Printing press ⇒ Digital technology

Lateral• Ex: Lexan discovery investigating wire coatings

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Technology Spiral"...all human progress is in a circle; or, to use a more accurate and beautiful figure, in an ascending spiral curve.” The House of the Seven Gables by Nathaniel Hawthorne

3000BC Clay tablet impression (Mesopotamia)105AD Paper making (China)1040 Moveable type print (China)1440 Gutenberg press (Germany)1500 10 million copies of 35,000 books since 14451860-70’s Typewriter, telegraph and facsimile1941 Digital computer1959-61 Integrated circuits, photocopier1975 Personal computer1980 Mobile phone; laptops1990 CD; DVD

3000 BC

1040

1440

1500

1860-70’s

1959-61

1941

1975 1980

1990

105

Communications

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Recent Advanced Technology Programs

Space Age and Cold War (1950’s-60’s)

AeronauticsAerospaceBallisticsInternet

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Impact of Technology

Complex Projects and SystemsHierarchy• Single “overarching” engineer not feasible• Multidisciplinary fields• Subject matter experts, specialization

Evolution and Optimization• Traditional tools and processes not sufficient to

manage, plan, improve or optimize complex systems

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Management of Complex Systems

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

System properties andrequirements may differ from subsystems

Systematic Approach NeededSystems Engineering• Technical• Organizational• Interdisciplinary

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ReVelle et al., (2004)

Relevant ChaptersCh. 1 Explaining Systems Analysis• Section 1A through 1E

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ReferencesOED (2007). http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/systemWikipedia (2007). http://en.wikipedia.orgAdcock, R. (2001). Principles and Practices of Systems Engineering. Lecturer Cranfield UniversityJewel, T.K. (1986). A Systems Approach to Civil Engineering Planning and Design. Harper & Row ISBN 0-06-043317-5ReVelle, C.S., E.E. Whitlatch, Jr. and J.R. Wright (2004). Civil and Environmental Systems Engineering 2nd

Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-047822-9