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TABLE OF CONTENTSMaterial Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4Industrial Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-17Chemical Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-38Relative Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-41Thermoplastic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42-63Above-Ground Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64-73Below-Ground Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-76Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Installation of Thermoplastics

Solvent Cementing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78-86Threading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87-89Flanged Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91-92Hydraulic Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93-95Conversion Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96-102Pump Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103-104Glossary of Piping Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105-108

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MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONPOLYVINYLSPVC (POLYVINYL CHLORIDE) has a relatively high tensilestrength and modulus of elasticity and therefore is strongerand more rigid than most other thermoplastics. Themaximum service temperature is 140F for Type 1. PVChas excellent chemical resistance to a wide range of corro-sive fluids, but may be damaged by ketones, aromatics, andsome chlorinated hydrocarbons. It has proved an excellentmaterial for process piping (liquids and slurries), waterservice, and industrial and laboratory chemical wastedrainage. Joining methods are solvent welding, threading(Schedule 80 only), or flanging.

CPVC (CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE) is partic-ularly useful for handling corrosive fluids at temperatures upto 210F. In chemical resistance, it is comparable to PVC. Itweighs about one-sixth as much as copper, will not sustaincombustion (self-extinguishing), and has low thermalconductivity. Suggested uses include process piping forhot, corrosive liquids; hot and cold water lines in officebuildings and residences; and similar applications above thetemperature range of PVC. CPVC pipe may be joined bysolvent welding, threading, or flanging.

POLYOLEFINSPOLYPROPYLENE (HOMOPOLYMER) is the lightestthermoplastic piping material, yet it has considerablestrength, outstanding chemical resistance, and may be usedat temperatures up to 180F in drainage applications.Polypropylene is an excellent material for laboratory andindustrial drainage piping where mixtures of acids, bases,and solvents are involved. It has found wide application inthe petroleum industry where its resistance to sulfur-bearingcompounds is particularly useful in salt water disposal line,chill water loops, and demineralized water. Joining methodsare coil fusion and socket heat welding.

COPOLYMER POLYPROPYLENE is a copolymer of propy-lene and polybutylene. It is made of high molecular weightcopolymer polypropylene and possesses excellent dielectricand insulating properties because of its structure as a non-polar hydrocarbon polymer. It combines high chemical resis-tance with toughness and strength at operating tempera-tures from freezing to 200F. It has excellent abrasion resis-tance and good elasticity, and is joined by butt and socketfusion.

POLYETHYLENE, although its mechanical strength iscomparatively low, polyethylene exhibits very good chemi-cal resistance and is generally satisfactory when used attemperatures below 120F. Types I and II (low and mediumdensity) polyethylene are used frequently in tanks, tubing,and piping. Polyethylene is excellent for abrasive slurries. Itis generally joined by butt fusion.

FLUOROPOLYMERSPVDF (POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) is a strong, tough,and abrasion-resistant fluoroplastic material. It resistsdistortion and retains most of its strength to 280F. As wellas being ideally suited to handle wet and dry chlorine,

bromine, and other halogens, it also withstands most acids,bases, and organic solvents. PVDF is not recommended forstrong caustics. It is most widely recognized as the materi-al of choice for high purity piping such as deionized water.PVDF is joined by thermal butt, socket, or electrofusion.

HALAR is a durable copolymer of ethylene and chlorofluo-roethylene with excellent resistance to a wide variety ofstrong acids, chlorine, solvents, and aqueous caustics.Halar has excellent abrasion resistance, electric properties,low permeability, temperature capabilities from cryogenic to340F, and radiation resistance. Halar has excellent applica-tion for high purity hydrogen peroxide and is joined by ther-mal butt fusion.

TEFLONThere are three members of the Teflon family of resins.PTFE TEFLON is the original Teflon resin developed byDuPont in 1938. This fluoropolymer offers the most uniqueand useful characteristics of all plastic materials. Productsmade from this resin handle liquids or gases up to 500F.The unique properties of this resin prohibit extrusion orinjection molding by conventional methods. When meltedPTFE does not flow like other thermoplastics and it must beshaped initially by techniques similar to powder metallurgy.Normally PTFE is an opaque white material. Once sinteredit is machined to the desired part.

FEP TEFLON was also invented by DuPont and became acommercial product in 1960. FEP is a true thermoplastic thatcan be melt-extruded and fabricated by conventional meth-ods. This allows for more flexibility in manufacturing. Thedielectric properties and chemical resistance are similar toother Teflons, but the temperature limits are -65F to a max-imum of 300F. FEP has a glossy surface and is transpar-ent in thin sections. It eventually becomes translucent asthickness increases. FEP Teflon is the most transparent ofthe three Teflons. It is widely used for its high ultraviolet lighttransmitting ability.

Caution: While the Teflon resin family has greatmechanical properties and excellent temperatureresistance, care must be taken when selecting theproper method of connections for your pipingsystem. Generally, Teflon threaded connectionswill handle pressures to 120 PSIG. Loose ferruleconnections are limited to 60 PSIG at ambienttemperatures. Teflon loses its ability to bear a loadat elevated temperatures quicker than other ther-moplastics. When working with the PTFE productsshown in this catalog external ambient tempera-tures ranging from -60F to 250F (-51C to 121C)may be handled safely. Fluid or gas tempera-tures inside the product should be limited to -60 to400F (-51C to 204C) unless otherwise noted.Always use extreme care when working with chem-icals at elevated temperatures.

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FRP has been accepted by many industries because itoffers the following significant advantages:(a) moderate initial cost and low maintenance; (b) broadrange of chemical resistance; (c) high strength-to-weightratio; (d) ease of fabrication and flexibility of design; and(e) good electrical insulation properties.

EPOXY pipe and fittings have been used extensively by awide variety of industries since 1960. It has good chemicalresistance and excellent temperatures to pressure proper-ties (to 300F). Epoxy has been used extensively for fuelpiping and steam condensate return lines.

POLYESTER pipe and fittings have been used by theindustry since 1963. It has a proven resistance to moststrong acids and oxidizing materials. It can be used inapplications up to 200F. Polyester is noted for its strengthin both piping and structural shapes.

VINYLESTER resin systems are recommended for mostchlorinated mixtures as well as caustic and oxidizing acidsup to 200F. Vinylester for most service has superior chem-ical resistance to epoxy or polyester.

NYLONS are synthetic polymers that contain an amidegroup. Their key characteristics are: (a) excellent resis-tance and low permeation to fuels, oils, and organic sol-vent, including aliphatic, aromatic, and halogenated hydro-carbons, esters, and ketones; (b) outstanding resistance tofatigue and repeated impact; and (c) wide temperaturerange from -30F to 250F.

POLYURETHANESThere are essentially two types of polyurethanes: polyesterbased and polyether based. Both are used for tubing appli-cations.

POLYESTER based is the toughest of the two, havinggreater resistance to oil and chemicals. It does not hardenwhen used with most oils, gasoline, and solvents.Polyurethane is extremely resistant to abrasives making itideal for slurries, solids and granular material transfer.Temperature limit is 170F.

POLYETHER-based polyurethane possesses better lowtemperature properties, resilience and resistance to hydrolyticdegradation than the polyester previously discussed.

PFA TEFLON, a close cousin of PTFE, was introduced in1972. It has excellent melt-processability and properties rivalingor exceeding those of PTFE Teflon. PFA permits conventionalthermoplastic molding and extrusion processing at high ratesand also has higher mechanical strength at elevated temper-atures to 500F. Premium grade PFA Teflon offers superiorstress and crack resistance with good flex-life in tubing. It isgenerally not as permeable as PTFE.

DURAPLUSABS (ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE)There are many possibilities for polymer properties by com-bining these resins. For our purposes we will limit it to twoproducts. One is the less expensive ABS resin used in drain,waste, and vent applications. The other resin for more strin-gent industrial applications has a different combination of thethree polymers that make up the copolymer. The Duraplusproduct is made from this copolymer and has outstandingimpact resistance even at low temperatures. The product isvery tough and abrasion resistant. Temperature range is 40Fto 176F.

RYTON (PPS) POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE remains quitestable during both long and short term exposure to hightemperatures. The high tensile strength and flexural modulustypical of PPS compounds, decrease with an increase intemperature. PPS is also highly resistant to chemical attack.Relatively few chemicals react to this material even at hightemperatures. Its broad range of chemical resistance is secondonly to that of Teflon (PTFE). Ryton is used primarily forprecision pump parts.

ELASTOMERSVITON (FLUOROCARBON) is inherently compatible with abroad spectrum of chemicals. Because of this extensivechemical compatibility which spans considerable concentrationand temperature ranges, Viton has gained wide acceptanceas a sealing for valves, pumps, and instrumentation. Vitoncan be used in most applications involving mineral acids, saltsolutions, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and petroleum oils.

EPDM (EPT) is a terpolymer elastomer made from ethylene-propylene diene monomer. EPDM has good abrasion andtear resistance and offers excellent chemical resistance to avariety of acids and alkalies. It is susceptible to attack by oilsand is not recommended for applications involving petroleumoils, strong acids, or strong alkalies.

HYTREL is a multipurpose polyester elastomer similar to vul-canized thermoset rubber. Its chemical resistance is compa-rable to Neoprene, Buna-N and EPDM; however, it is atougher material and does not require fabric reinforcement asdo the other three materials. Temperature limits are -10Fminimum to 190F maximum. This material is used primarilyfor pump diaphragms.

THERMOSETSFIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS (FRP) includingepoxy, polyester, and vinylester have become a highly valu-able process engineering material for process piping.

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

Caution: Acids will cause softening, loss of strength,rigidity, and eventual failure.

Caution: Polyester based polyurethanes may besubject to hydrolysis under certain conditions, highrelative humidity at elevated temperatures, aeratedwater, fungi, and bacteria. Where these potentialsexist, we recommend polyether-based polyurethane.

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MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONAccelerated testing indicates that polyether-basedpolyurethanes have superior hydrolytic stability as com-pared to polyester based material. Made with no plasticizersand with a low level of extractables, polyether is ideal forhigh purity work. It will not contaminate laboratory samplesand is totally non-toxic to cell cultures. Compared with PVCtubing, polyurethanes have superior chemical resistance tofuels, oils, and some solvents. Its excellent tensile strengthand toughness make it suitable for full vacuums. This tub-ing can withstand temperatures from -94F to 200F.

PTBPPolybutylene terephthalate is a little known specialty mate-rial belonging to the polyimide group; It has excellentmechanical properties and good mechanical stress propertiesunder corrosive environments. PTBP is used mainly forvalve actuators, and bonnet assemblies.

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The standards referenced herein, like all other standards,are of necessity minimum requirements. It should be rec-ognized that two different plastic resin materials of thesame kind, type, and grade will not exhibit identical physicaland chemical properties. Therefore, the plastic pipe pur-chaser is advised to obtain specific values or requirementsfrom the resin supplier to assure the best application of thematerial not covered by industry specifications; this sug-gestion assumes paramount importance.

ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.655 15th St. N.W.300 Metropolitan SquareWashington, DC 20005Phone (202) 639-4090

ANSI PRESSURE CLASSESANSI Class 125 means 175 PSIG at 100FANSI Class 150 means 285 PSIG at 100FANSI Class 300 means 740 PSIG at 100FANSI A119.2 - 1963ANSI B72.2 - 1967ANSI B31.8 - 1968ANSI Z21.30 - 1969

The following ASTM standards have been accepted byANSI and assigned the following designations.

ASTMAmerican Society of Testing and Materials1916 Race StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

Plastic Pipe Specifications:D 1785 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe,

schedules 40, 80, and 120F 441 Chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride)(CPVC)

plastic pipe, schedules 40 and 80D 2241 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe

(SD - PR)D 2513 Thermoplastic gas pressure pipe, tubing

and fittingsD 2665 PVC plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe

and fittingsD 2672 Bell-ended PVC pipe

D 2729 PVC sewer pipe and fittingsD 2846 Chlorinated (CPVC) plastic hot water dis-

tribution systemD 2949 3 thin wall PVC plastic drain, waste,

and vent pipe and fittingsD 3034 Type PSM PVC sewer pipe and fittings

Plastic Pipe Fittings Specifications:D 2464 Threaded PVC plastic pipe fittings,

Schedule 80F 437 Threaded chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

(CPVC) plastic pipe fittings, Schedule 80D 2466 Socket-type PVC plastic type fittings,

Schedule 40D 2467 Socket-type PVC plastic type fittings,

Schedule 80F 439 Socket-type chlorinated polyvinyl

chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe fittingsSchedule 80

D 3036 PVC plastic pipe lined couplings, sockettype

Plastic Pipe Solvent Cement SpecificationsD 2564 Solvent cements for PVC plastic pipe and

fittingsF 493 CPVC solvent cement

Plastic Lined Steel Piping Specifications:ASTM A-587 Standard specification for electric-welded

low carbon steel pipe for the chemical industry

ASTM A-53 Standard specification for pipe, steel, black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded and seamless

ASTM A-105 Standard specification for forgings, carbonsteel, for piping components

ASTM A-125 Standard specification for steel springs, helical, heat-treated

ASTM A-126 Standard specifications for gray iron cast-ings for valves, flanges, and pipe fittings

ASTM A-395 Standard specification for ferritic ductileiron pressure retaining castings for use atelevated temperatures

ASTM A-216 Standard specification for carbon steelcastings suitable for fusion welding for high temperature service

ASTM A-234 Standard specification for piping fittings ofwrought carbon steel and alloy steel formoderate and elevated temperatures

ANSI B-16.1 Cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittingsClass 25, 125, 150, 250 and 800

ANSI B-16.42 Ductile iron pipe flanges and flanged fit-tings Class 150 and 300

D 2412D 2446D 2447D 2564D 2657D 2661D 2662D 2672D 2740D 2235

ANSIDesignation

ASTMDesignation

ANSIDesignation

B72.1B72.2B72.3B72.4B72.5B72.6B72.7B72.8B72.9B72.10

D 2239D 2241D 2282D 1503D 1527D 1598D 1785D 2104D 2152D 2153

B 72.11B 72.12B 72.13B 72.16B 72.17B 72.18B 72.19B 72.20B 72.22B 72.23

ASTMDesignation

Table 1

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INDUSTRY STANDARDS

ANSI B-16.5 Steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings Class 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and2500

A-587 Standard specification for electric-weldedlow carbon steel pipe for the chemical industry

A-53 Standard specification for pipe, steel black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded andseamless

A-105 Standard specification for forgings, car-bon

steel, for piping components

A-125 Standard specification for steel springs,helical, heat-treated

A-126-73 Standard specification for gray iron cast-ings for valves, flanges, and pipe fittings

A-395-77 Standard specification for ferritic ductileiron pressure retaining castings for use atelevated temperatures

A-216-77 Standard specification for carbon steelcastings suitable for fusion welding forhigh temperature service

Methods of Test Specifications:

D 256 Test for impact resistance of plastics andelectrical insulating materials

D 543 Test for resistance of plastics to chemicalreagents

D 570 Test for water absorption of plastics

D 618 Conditioning plastics and electrical insul-ating materials for testing

D 621 Tests for deformation of plastics underload

D 635 Test for flammability of self-supportingplastics

D 638 Test for tensile properties of plastics

D 648 Test for deflection temperature of plasticsunder load

D 671 Tests for repeated flexural stress of plastics

D 757 Test for flammability of plastics, self-extinguishing type

D 790 Test for flexural properties of plastics

D 883 Nomenclature relating to plastics

D 1180 Test for bursting strength of round, rigid plastic tubing

D 1598 Test for time to failure of plastic pipe under long-term hydrostatic pressure

D 1599 Test for short-time rupture strength ofplastic pipe, tubing and fittings

D 2122 Determining dimensions of thermoplasticpipe and fittings

D 2152 Test for quality of extruded PVC pipe byacetone immersion

D 2412 Test for external loading properties ofplastic pipe by parallel-plate loading

D 2444 Test for impact resistance of thermoplasticpipe and fittings by means of a tup (fallingweight)

D 2837 Obtaining hydrostatic design basisthermoplastic pipe materials

D 2924 Test for external pressure resistance ofplastic pipe

RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

D 2153 Calculating stress in plastic pipe underinternal pressure

D 2321 Underground installation of flexiblethermoplastic sewer pipe

D 2657 Heat joining of thermoplastic pipe andfittings

D 2749 Standard definitions of terms relating toplastic pipe fittings

D 2774 Underground installation of thermoplasticpressure pipe

D 2855 Making solvent cemented joints with PVC pipe and fittings

ASTM STANDARDS FOR PLASTIC MATERIALSREFERENCED IN PLASTIC PIPE, FITTINGS, ANDCEMENT STANDARDS

D 1784 PVC compounds and CPVC compounds

BOCA

Building Officials Conference of America1313 East 60th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637

BOCA Basic Plumbing Code

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREU.S. Department of AgricultureSoil Conservation ServiceWashington, DC 20250

SCS National Engineering Handbook, Section 2, Part 1,Engineering Practice Standards

SCS432-D High pressure underground plasticirrigation pipelines

SCS432-E Low head underground plastic irrigationpipelines

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MILITARY STANDARDSCommanding OfficerNaval Publications and Forms Center5108 Tabor AvenuePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19120

MIL-A-22010A(1) Adhesive solvent-type, polyvinyl chlorideamendment

MIL-C-23571A(YD) Conduit and conduit fittings, plastic, rigidMIL-P-14529B Pipe, extruded, thermoplastic

MIL-P-19119B(1) Pipe, plastic, rigid, unplasticized, highimpact, polyvinyl chloride

MIL-P-22011A Pipe fittings, plastic, rigid, high impact, polyvinyl chloride, (PVC) and poly 1, 2dichlorethylene

MIL-P-28584A Pipe and pipe fittings, glass fiber rein-forced plastic for condensate return lines

MIL-P-29206 Pipe and pipe fittings glass fiber reinfor-ced plastic for liquid petroleum lines

DOT - OTSDepartment of Transportation, Hazardous MaterialsRegulation Board, Office of Pipeline Safety, Title 49, DocketOPS-3 and amendments, Part 192. Transportation ofNatural Gas and Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum FederalSafety Standards, Federal Register, Vol, 35, No. 161,Wednesday, August 19, 1980. Amendments to date are 192-1, Vol. 35, No. 205, Wednesday, October 21, 1970; 19-2, Vol.35, No. 220, Wednesday, November 11, 1970; and 192-3,Vol. 35, No. 223, Tuesday, November 17, 1970.

FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications ActivityPrinted Materials Supply DivisionBuilding 197, Naval Weapons PlantWashington, DC 20407

L-P-320a Pipe and fittings, plastic (PVC, drain,waste, and vent)

L-P-1036(1) Plastic rod, solid, plastic tubes and tubing, heavy walled; polyvinyl chloride

COMMERCIAL AND PRODUCT STANDARDSSupt. of DocumentsU.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, DC 20402

CS 272 PVC-DWV pipe and fittings

PS 21 PVC plastic pipe (Schedules 40, 80, 120)supersedes CS 207-60

PS 22 PVC plastic pipe (SDR) supersedes CS 256

CSACanadian Standards Association178 Rexdale BoulevardRexdale, Ontario, Canada

B 137.0 Defines general requirements and meth-ods of testing for thermoplastic pressurepipe

B 137.3 Rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe forpressure applications

B 137.4 Thermoplastic piping systems for gas service

B 137.14 Recommended practice for the installationof thermoplastic piping for gas service

B 181.2 Polyvinyl chloride drain, waste, and vent pipe and pipe fittings

B 181.12 Recommended practice for the installationof PVC drain, waste, and vent pipe fittings

B 182.1 Plastic drain and sewer pipe and pipefittings for use underground

B 182.11 Recommended practice for the installationof plastic drain and sewer pipe and pipefittings

GroupCommercial Standardor Product Standard

ASTM Standard orTentative Specification

ABCDEFGHIJ

PS10PS11PS12PS18PS19PS21PS22

CS228CS270CS272

D2104D2238D2447D1527D2282D1785D2241D2852D2661D2665

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PHCCNational Association of Plumbing-Heating-CoolingContractors1016 20th Street, N.W.Washington, DC 20036National Standard Plumbing Code

SBCCSouthern Building Code Congress1166 Brown-Marx BuildingBirmingham, Alabama 35203SBCC Southern Standard Plumbing Code

SIASprinkler Irrigation Association1028 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.Washington, DC 20036Minimum Standards for Irrigation Equipment

WUCWestern Underground Committee, W.H. FooteLos Angeles Department of Water and PowerP.O. Box 111Los Angeles, California 90054Interim Specification 3.1: Plastic Conduit and Fittings

ULUnderwriters Laboratories, Inc.207 East Ohio StreetChicago, Illinois 60611UL 651 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit (September 1968)UL 514 Outlet Boxes and Fittings (March 1951 with

Amendments of 22-228-67)

FHAArchitectural Standards DivisionFederal Housing AdministrationWashington, DC 20412

FHA UM-41 PVC plastic pipe and fittings for domesticwater service

FHA UM-49 ABS and PVC plastic drainage and ventpipe and fittings, FHA 4550.49

FHA UM-53a Polyvinyl chloride plastic drainage, waste and vent pipe and fittings

FHA MR-562 Rigid chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)hi/temp water pipe and fittings

FHA MR-563 PVC plastic drainage and vent pipe andfittings

FHA Minimum Property standards interim revision No. 31

IAPMOInternational Association of Plumbing andMechanical Officials5032 Alhambra AvenueLos Angeles, California 90032

Uniform Plumbing Code

IAPMO IS8 Solvent cemented PVC pipe for water service and yard piping

IAPMO IS9 PVC drain, waste, and vent pipe and fit-tings

IAPMO IS10 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) natural gasyard piping

IAPMO PS27 Supplemental standard to ASTM D2665; polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic drain,waste, and vent pipe and fittings

(NOTE: IS = installation standard; PS = property standard)NSFNational Sanitation FoundationSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 48106

NSFStandard No. 14: Thermoplastic Materials, Pipe, Fittings,

Valves, Traps, and Joining Materials

NSFSeal of Approval: Listing of Plastic Materials, Pipe, Fittings,

and Appurtenances for Potable Waterand Waste Water (NSF TestingLaboratory).

NSPINational Swimming Pool Institute2000 K Street, N.W.Washington, DC 20006

T.R.-19 The Role of Corrosion-Resistant Materials inSwimming Pools, Part D, The Role of Plastics inSwimming Pools.

INDUSTRY STANDARDS

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Type 4X Watertight, Dusttight and Corrosion-Resistant - Indoor and Outdoor: Thistype has same provisions as Type 4 and,in addition, is corrosion-resistant.

Type 5 Superseded by Type 12 for ControlApparatus.

Type 6 Submersible, Watertight, Dusttight, andSleet (Ice) Resistant - Indoor andOutdoor: Type 6 enclosures are intend-ed for use indoors and outdoors whereoccasional submersion is encountered,such as in quarries, mines, and man-holes. They are required to protectequipment against a static head of waterof 6 feet for 30 minutes and against dust,splashing or external condensation ofnon-corrosive liquids, falling or hosedirected lint and seepage. They are notsleet (ice) proof.

Type 7 Class I, Group A, B, C, and D-IndoorHazardous Locations - Air-BreakEquipment: Type 7 enclosures areintended for use indoors, in the atmos-pheres and locations defined as Class 1and Group A, B, C or D in the NationalElectrical Code. Enclosures must bedesigned as specified in UnderwritersLaboratories, Inc. Industrial ControlEquipment for Use in Hazardous loca-tions, UL 698. Class I locations arethose in which flammable gases orvapors may be present in explosive orignitable amounts. The group letters A,B, C, and D designate the content of thehazardous atmosphere under Class 1 asfollows:

Group AAtmospheres containing acetylene.

Group BAtmospheres containing hydrogen orgases or vapors of equivalent hazardssuch as manufactured gas.

Group CAtmospheres containing ethyl ethervapors, ethylene, or cyclopropane.

Group DAtmospheres containing gasoline,hexane, naphtha, benzene, butane,propane, alcohols, acetone, lacquer sol-vent vapors and natural gas.

NEMANational Electrical Manufacturers Association2101 L St. N.W.Washington, DC 20037

Type 1 General Purpose - Indoor: This enclosureis intended for use indoors, primarily toprevent accidental contact of personnelwith the enclosed equipment in areaswhere unusual service conditions do notexist. In addition, they provide protectionagainst falling dirt.

Type 2 Dripproof - Indoor: Type 2 dripproof en-closures are for use indoors to protect theenclosed equipment against falling non-corrosive liquids and dirt. These enclo-sures are suitable for applications wherecondensation may be severe such asencountered in cooling rooms and laundries.

Type 3 Dusttight, Raintight, Sleet (Ice) ResistantOutdoor: Type 3 enclosures are intendedfor use outdoors to protect the enclosedequipment against windblown dust andwater. They are not sleet (ice) proof.

Type 3R Rainproof and Sleet (Ice) Resistant Out-door: Type 3R enclosures are intended foruse outdoors to protect the enclosedequipment against rain and meet therequirements of Underwriters LaboratoriesInc., Publication No. UL 508, applying toRainproof Enclosures. They are notdust, snow, or sleet (ice) proof.

Type 3S Dusttight, Raintight, and Sleet (Ice) Proof-Outdoor: Type 3S enclosures are intend-ed for use outdoors to protect theenclosed equipment against windblowndust and water and to provide for its oper-ation when the enclosure is covered byexternal ice or sleet. These enclosures donot protect the enclosed equipmentagainst malfunction resulting from internalicing.

Type 4 Watertight and Dusttight - Indoor andOutdoor: This type is for use indoors oroutdoors to protect the enclosed equip-ment against splashing and seepage ofwater or streams of water from any direc-tion. It is sleet-resistant but not sleet-proof.

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INDUSTRY STANDARDS

HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONSIN ACCORDANCE WITH FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING CORP.

Type 13

Type 12

Type 11

Bureau of Mines: Enclosures under Type 10must meet requirements of Schedule 2G(1968) of the Bureau of Mines, U.S.Department of the Interior, for equipment tobe used in mines with atmospheres contain-ing methane or natural gas, with or withoutcoal dust.

Corrosion-Resistant and Dripproof-Oil-Immersed - Indoor: Type 11 enclosures arecorrosion-resistant and are intended for useindoors to protect the enclosed equipmentagainst dripping, seepage, and externalcondensation of corrosive liquids. In addi-tion, they protect the enclosed equipmentagainst the corrosive effects of fumes andgases by providing for immersion of theequipment in oil.

Industrial Use - Dusttight and Driptight -Indoor: Type 12 enclosures are intended foruse indoors to protect the enclosed equip-ment against fibers, flyings, lint, dust and dirt, and light splashing, seepage, drippingand external condensation of non-corrosiveliquids.

Oiltight and Dusttight - Indoor: Type 13enclosures are intended for use indoors pri-marily to house pilot devices such as limitswitches, foot switches, pushbuttons, selec-tor switches, pilot lights, etc., and to protectthese devices against lint and dust, seep-age, external condensation, and spraying ofwater, oil or coolant. They have oil-resistantgaskets.

Type 10Class I, Group A, B, C or D - IndoorHazardous Locations Oil-immersedEquipment: These enclosures are intendedfor indoor use under the same class andgroup designations as Type 7, but are alsosubject to immersion in oil.Class II, Group E, F and G - Indoor Hazard-ous Locations - Air-Break Equipment: Type9 enclosures are intended for use indoorsin the atmospheres defined as Class II andGroup E, F, or G in the National ElectricalCode. These enclosures shall prevent theingress of explosive amounts of hazardousdust. If gaskets are used, they shall bemechanically attached and of a non-com-bustible, nondeteriorating, verminproofmaterial. These enclosures shall bedesigned in accordance with the require-ments of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.Publication No. UL 698. Class II locationsare those in which combustible dust may bepresent in explosive or ignitable amounts.The group letter E,F, and G designate thecontent of the hazardous atmosphere as follows:

Group EAtmosphere containing metal dusts, includ-ing aluminum, magnesium, and their com-mercial alloys.

Group FAtmospheres containing carbon black, coal,or coke dust.

Group GAtmospheres containing flour, starch, andgrain dust.

Type 8

Type 9

The National Electrical Code and the Canadian ElectricalCode divide hazardous locations into three classes accord-ing to the nature of the hazard: Class I, Class II, and ClassIII. The locations in each of these classes are further divid-ed by divisions according to the degree of the hazard.

Class I, Division 1 locations are those in which flammablegases or vapors are or may be present in sufficient quanti-ties to produce an ignitable mixture (continuously, intermit-tently, or periodically).

Class I, Division 2 locations are those in which hazardousmixtures may frequently exist due to leakage or maintenancerepair.

Class I, Division 3 are those in which the breakdown ofequipment may release concentration of flammable gases orvapors which could cause simultaneous failure of electricalequipment.

For purposes of testing, classification and approval of elec-trical equipment atmospheric mixtures are classified inseven groups (A through G) depending on the kind ofmaterial involved.

Class II locations are classified as hazardous because ofthe presence of combustible dusts.

Class III locations are hazardous because of the presenceof combustible fibers or flyings in textile processes.

There are similar divisions and groups for Class II andClass III as those described for Class I. For specifics orfurther details contact Harrington's Technical Servicesdepartment.

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Figure 4. Storage Tank

This is a system for the identification of hazards to lifeand health of people in the prevention and control offires and explosions in the manufacture and storage ofmaterials.

The basis for identification are the physical propertiesand characteristics of materials that are known or canbe determined by standard methods. Technical terms,expressions, trade names, etc., are purposely avoidedas this system is concerned only with the identificationof the involved hazard from the standpoint of safety.

The explanatory material on this page is to assist usersof these standards, particularly the person who assignsthe degree of hazard in each category.

DISTANCE AT WHICH SIGNALS

MUST BE LEGIBLE

MINIMUM SIZE OF SIGNALS REQUIRED

50 FEET75 FEET100 FEET200 FEET300 FEET

12346

NOTE:This shows the correct spatial arrange-ment and order of signals used for identi-fication of materials by hazard.

IDENTIFICATION OFMATERIALS BY HAZARDSIGNAL ARRANGEMENT

Figure 2. For use where a white back-ground is necessary.

Figure 1. For use where specified colorbackground is used with numerals of con-trasting colors.

Figure 3. For use where a white back-ground is used with painted numerals, orfor use when the signal is in the form ofsign or placard.

INDUSTRY STANDARDS

FLAMMABILITYSIGNAL - RED

Hazardous Material Signals based on the National FireProtection Association Code number 704M and FederalStandard 313. This system provides for identification of haz-ards to employees and to outside emergency personnel.The numerical and symboled system shown here are the

standards used for the purpose of safeguarding the lives ofthose who are concerned with fires occurring in an industrialplant or storage location where the fire hazards of materialmay not be readily apparent.

ADHESIVE-BACKED PLASTICBACKGROUND PIECES - ONE

NEEDED FOR EACH NUMERAL,THREE NEEDED FOR EACH

COMPLETE SIGNALREACTIVITY

SIGNAL -YELLOW

HEALTH SIGNAL -

BLUE

WHITE PAINTED BACKGROUND,WHITE PAPER OR CARD STOCK

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SIGNALS

24

34

2 3 2 34

W

Table 4 - ARRANGEMENT ANDORDER OF SIGNALS - OPTIONALFORM OF APPLICATION

24

3

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSIDENTIFICATION OF THE FIRE AND HEALTH HAZARDS OF MATERIALS

IDENTIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARDSCOLOR CODE: BLUE

Materials which on exposure underfire conditions would offer nohazard beyond that of ordinarycombustible material.

IDENTIFICATION OF FLAMMABILITYCOLOR CODE: RED

IDENTIFICATION OF REACTIVITYCOLOR CODE: YELLOW

SUSCEPTIBILITY TORELEASE OF ENERGY

SUSCEPTIBILITY OFMATERIALS TO BURNING

Materials which will rapidly or com-pletely vaporize at atmosphericpressure and normal ambient tem-perature, or which are readily dis-persed in air and which will burnreadily.

Materials which in themselves arenormally unstable and readilyundergo violent chemical changebut do not detonate. Also materialswhich may react violently withwater or which may form potentiallyexplosive mixtures with water.

TYPE OF POSSIBLE INJURY SIGNAL

4Materials which on very shortexposure could cause death ormajor residual injury even thoughprompt medical treatment weregiven.

Materials which in themselves arereadily capable of detonation or ofexplosive decomposition or reac-tion at normal temperatures andpressures.

4 4

3 3Materials which on short exposurecould cause serious, temporary orresidual injury even though promptmedical treatment were given.

Materials which in themselves arecapable of detonation or of explo-sive reaction but require a stronginitiating source or which must beheated under confinement beforeinitiation or which react explosivelywith water.

Liquids and solids that can beignited under almost all ambienttemperature conditions.

2 2Materials that must be moderatelyheated or exposed to relativelyhigh ambient temperatures beforeignition can occur.

Material which on intense orcontinued exposure could causetemporary incapacitation orpossible residual injury unlessprompt medical treatment isgiven.

1 1

3

2

1

00 0

Materials which on exposurewould cause irritation but onlyminor residual injury, even if notreatment is given.

Materials that must be preheatedbefore ignition can occur.

Materials that will not burn. Materials, which in themselves arenormally stable, even under fireexposure conditions, and whichare not reactive with water.

Materials which, in themselves,are normally stable, but which canbecome unstable at elevated tem-peratures and pressures or whichmay react with water with somerelease of energy but not violently.

SIGNAL SIGNAL

24

3W

HEALTH HAZARD4 - DEADLY3 - EXTREME DANGER2 - HAZARDOUS1 - SLIGHTLY HAZARDOUS0 - NORMAL MATERIAL

FIRE HAZARDFLASH POINTS4 - BELOW 73F3 - BELOW 100F2 - BELOW 200F1 - ABOVE 200F0 - WILL NOT BURN

REACTIVITY4 - MAY DETONATE3 - SHOCK AND HEAT MAY

DETONATE2 - VIOLENT CHEMICAL CHANGE1 - UNSTABLE IF HEATED0 - STABLE

SPECIFIC HAZARDOxidizer OXYAcid ACIDAlkali ALKCorrosive CORUse NO WATERRadiation Hazard

W

Table 5

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSGovernment regulatory agencies

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Institute of Standards and Technology Public and Business Affairs Div. Building 101, Room A903 Gaithersburg, MD 20889 Ph#: 301/975-2762 Fax: 301/926-1630

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)focuses on tasks vital to the countrys technology infrastructurethat neither industry nor the government can do separately.

NIST works to promote U.S. economic growth by working withindustry to develop and apply technology, measurements, andstandards.

Part of the Commerce Departments TechnologyAdministration, NIST has four major programs that reflect U.S.industrys diversity and multiple needs. These programs includethe Advanced Technology Program; Manufacturing ExtensionPartnership; Laboratory Research and Services; and the BaldrigeNational Quality Program.

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYConsumer Affairs1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington, DC 20585Ph#: 202/586-5373Fax: 202/586-0539

The Department of Energy is entrusted to contribute to the wel-fare of the nation by providing the technical information and scien-tific and educational foundation for technology, policy, and institu-tional leadership necessary to achieve efficiency in energy used,diversity in energy sources, a more productive and competitiveeconomy, improved environmental quality, and a secure nationaldefense.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR1849 C Street NWWashington, DC 20240Ph#: 202/208-3100Fax: 202/208-6950

As the nations principal conservation agency, the Departmentof the Interior's responsibilities include: encouraging and providingappropriate management, preservation and operation of thenations public lands and natural resources; developing and usingresources in an environmentally sound manner; carrying out relat-ed scientific research and investigations in support of these objec-tives; and carrying out trust responsibilities of the U.S. governmentwith respect to American Indians and Alaska Natives.

It manages more than 440 million acres of federal lands.

DEPARTMENT OF LABOROffice of Information and Public Affairs200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20210Ph#: 202/219-7316Fax: 202/219-8699

The Department of Labors principal mission is to help workingpeople and those seeking work.

The departments information and other services, particularly injob training and labor law enforcement, benefit and affect manyother groups, including employers, business organizations, civilrights groups and government agencies at all levels as well as theacademic community.

DEPARTMENT OFTRANSPORTATIONOffice of Public Affairs 400 Seventh Street SW, Room 10414Washington, DC 20590 Ph#: 202/366-4570 Fax: 202/366-6337

The Department of Transportation ensures the safety of allforms of transportation; protects the interests of consumers; con-ducts planning and research for the future; and helps cities andstates meet their local transportation needs.

The Department of Transportation Is composed of 10 operatingadministrations, including the Federal Aviation Administration; theFederal Highway Administration; the Federal RailroadAdministration; the Federal Transit Administration; the NationalHighway Traffic Safety Administration; the Maritime Administration;the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corp.; the U.S. CoastGuard; the Research and Special Programs Administration; andthe Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

DEPARTMENT OF THETREASURYBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco andFirearmsLiaison and Public Information650 Massachusetts Avenue NWRoom 8290Washington, DC 20226Ph#: 202/927-8500Fax: 202/927-8112

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) is anagency of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

ATFs responsibilities are law enforcement; regulation of thealcohol, tobacco, firearms and explosives industries; and ensuringthe collection of taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and firearms.

ATFs mission is to curb the illegal traffic in and criminal use offirearms; to assist federal, state and local law enforcement agen-cies in reducing crime and violence; to investigate violations of fed-eral explosive laws; to regulate the alcohol, tobacco, firearms andexplosives industries; to assure the collection of all alcohol, tobac-co and firearm tax revenues; and to suppress commercial bribery,consumer deception, and other prohibited trade practices in thealcoholic beverage industry.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCYCommunication, Education and Public Affairs401 M Street SWWashington, DC 20460 Ph#: 202/260-2090 Public Information CenterMail Code 3404Ph#: 202/260-2080Fax: 202/260-6257Chemical Control401 M St. SWWashington DC 20460Ph#: 202/260-3749Fax: 202/260-8168Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention 401 M St.SW Washington, DC 20460 Ph#: 202/ 260-8600 Fax: 202/260-7906

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independentagency in the executive branch of the U.S. government. EPA con-trols pollution through a variety of activities, which includesresearch, monitoring, standards setting, and enforcement.

The Environmental Protection Agency supports research andantipollution efforts by state and local governments as well as bypublic service institutions and universities.

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSGovernment regulatory agencies

FEDERAL AVIATIONADMINISTRATION800 Independence Avenue, SWWashington, DC 20591Ph#: 800/FAA-SUREFAA Consumer Hotline

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) provides a safe,secure and efficient global aerospace system that contributes tonational security and the promotion of U.S. aerospace.

As the leading authority in the international aerospace commu-nity, FAA is responsive to the dynamic nature of customer needs,economic conditions and environmental concerns.

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION Office of Public AffairsPublic Health Service Department of Health & Human Services5600 Fishers Lane (HFI-40)Rockville, MD 20857Ph#: 301/443-3170Consumer Affairs

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) works to protect, pro-mote, and enhance the health of the American people by ensuringthat foods are safe, wholesome, and sanitary; human and veteri-nary drugs, biological products and medical devices are safe andeffective; cosmetics are safe; electronic products that emit radia-tion are safe; regulated products are honestly, accurately, andinformatively represented; these products are in compliance withthe law and the FDA regulations; and non-compliance is identifiedand corrected and any unsafe and unlawful products are removedfrom the marketplace.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICSAND SPACE ADMINISTRATION300 E Street SWWashington, DC 20546Ph#: 202/358-0000Fax: 202/358-3251

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration explores,uses and enables the development of space for human enterprise;advances scientific knowledge and understanding of the Earth, thesolar system and universe; uses the environment of space forresearch; and researches, develops, verifies and transfersadvanced aeronautics, space and related technologies.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOROCCUPATIONAL SAFETYAND HEALTHPublic Affairs200 Independence Avenue SWWashington, DC 20201Ph#: 202/260-8519Fax: 202/260-1898

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) was established by the Occupational Safety and HealthAct of 1970. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention and is the federal institute responsible for conductingresearch and making recommendations for the prevention ofwork-related illnesses and injuries.

The Institutes responsibilities include: investigating potentiallyhazardous working conditions as requested by employers oremployees; evaluating hazards in the workplace; creating and dis-seminating methods for preventing disease, injury, and disability;conducting research and providing scientifically valid recommen-dations for protecting workers; and providing education and train-ing to individuals preparing for or actively working in the field ofoccupational safety and health.

NIOSH identifies the causes of work related diseases andinjuries and the potential hazards of new work technologies andpractices. It determines new ways to protect workers from chemi-cals, machinery, and hazardous working conditions.

NATIONAL TRANSPORTATIONSAFETY BOARD490 LEnfant Plaza SWWashington, DC 20594Ph#: 202/382-6600

The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent fed-eral accident investigation agency that also promotes transportationsafety.

The board conducts safety studies; maintains official U.S. cen-sus of aviation accidents; evaluates the effectiveness of governmentagencies involved in transportation safety; evaluates the safeguardsused in the transportation of hazardous materials; and evaluates theeffectiveness of emergency responses to hazardous material acci-dents.

NUCLEAR REGULATORYCOMMISSIONOffice of Public AffairsWashington, DC 20555Ph#: 301/415-8200Fax: 301/415-2234

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates the civilian usesof nuclear materials in the United States to protect the public healthand safety, the environment, and the common defense and security.

The mission is accomplished through licensing of nuclear facili-ties and the possession, use and disposal of nuclear materials; thedevelopment and implementation of requirements governinglicensed activities; and inspection and enforcement to assure com-pliance.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ANDHEALTH ADMINISTRATIONOffice of Information and Consumer Affairs200 Constitution Avenue NW, Room N3647Washington, DC 20210Ph#: 202/2198151Fax: 202/219-5986

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) setsand enforces workplace safety and health standards with a goal ofensuring safe and healthful working conditions for all Americans.

OSHA issues standards and rules for safe and healthful workingconditions, tools, equipment, facilities, and processes.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ANDHEALTH REVIEW COMMISSIONOffice of Public InformationOne Lafayette Center1120 20th Street, NW, Ninth FloorWashington, DC 20036-3419Ph#: 202/606-5398Fax: 202/606-5050

The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission is anindependent federal agency that serves as a court to provide deci-sions in workplace safety and health disputes arising betweenemployers and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration inthe department of labor.

U.S. COAST GUARDHazard Materials Standards Branch2100 Second Street SWWashington, DC 20593-0001Ph#: 202/267-2970Fax: 202/267-4816

The U.S. Coast Guard is the United States primary maritime lawenforcement agency as well as a federal regulatory agency and oneof the armed forces.

The U.S. Coast Guard duties include aids to navigation; defenseoperations; maritime pollution preparedness and response; domes-tic and international ice breaking operations in support of commerceand science; maritime law enforcement; marine inspection andlicensing; port safety and security; and search and rescue.

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSChemical Industry Trade Associations

ADHESIVES MANUFACTURERSASSOCIATION1200 19th Street NW, Suite 300Washington, DC 20036Ph#: 202/857-1127Fax: 202/857-1115

The Adhesives Manufacturers Association (AMA) is a nationalorganization comprised of major U.S. companies engaged in themanufacturing, marketing, and selling of formulated adhesives orformulated adhesives coatings to the industrial marketplace.Associate members supply raw materials to the industry.

AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENTASSOCIATION1 Gateway Center, 3rd FloorPittsburgh, PA 15222Ph#: 412/232-3444Fax: 412/232-3450Membership Department

The Air & Waste Management Association is a non-profit, tech-nical and educational organization with 17,000 members in 58countries. Founded in 1907, the association provides a neutralforum in which all viewpoints of an environmental issue (technical,scientific, economic, social, political, and health-related) receiveequal consideration. The association serves its members and thepublic by promoting environmental responsibility and providingtechnical and managerial leadership in the fields of air and wastemanagement.

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS(AAEE) 130 Holiday Court, Suite 100Indianapolis, MD 21401Ph#: 301/261-8958 (Washington, DC)

This organization certifies environmental engineers.

AMERICAN BOILERMANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION950 N. Glebe Road, Suite 160Arlington, VA 22203Ph#: 703/522-7350Fax: 703/522-2665

The mission of the American Boiler Manufacturers Associationis to improve services to the public; to be proactive with govern-ment in matters affecting the industry; to promote safe, economi-cal, and environmentally friendly services of the industry; and tocarry out other activities recognized as lawful for such organizations.

THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETYP.O. Box 6136Westerville, OH 43086-6136Ph#: 614/890-4700Fax: 614/899-6109Customer Service: 614/794-5890

The American Ceramic Society is the headquarters for the pro-fessional organization for ceramic engineers.

AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY(ACS)1155 Sixteenth Street NWWashington, DC 20036Ph#: 202/872-4600Fax: 202/872-6337

ACS has 149,000 members. The members are chemists, chem-ical engineers, or people who have degrees in related fields.

AMERICAN COKE AND COALCHEMICALS INSTITUTE1255 23rd Street NWWashington, DC 20037Ph#: 202/452-1140Fax: 202/466-4949

The ACCls mission is to represent the interests of the coke andcoal chemicals industry by communicating positions to legislativeand regulatory officials, cooperating with all government agencieshaving jurisdiction over the industry, providing a forum for theexchange of information, and discussion of problems and promotingthe use of coke and its byproducts in the marketplace.

AMERICAN CONFERENCE OFGOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIALHYGIENISTS (ACGIH)Kemper Woods Center1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Suite 600Cincinnati, OH 45240Ph#: 513/742-2020Fax 513/742-3355

The ACGIH is an organization of more than 5,500 industrialhygienists and occupational health and safety professionals devot-ed to the technical and administrative aspects of worker health andsafety.

AMERICAN CROP PROTECTION ASSOCIATION1156 15th Street NW, Suite 400Washington, DC 20005Ph#: 202/872-3869Fax: 202/463-0474

ACPA is the trade association for the manufacturers and formu-lators/distributors representing virtually all of the active ingredientsmanufactured, distributed, and sold in the United States for agri-cultural uses, including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGICAL ANDPETROLEUM ENGINEERS (AIME)345 E. 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017 Ph#: 212/705-7695 Fax: 212/371-9622

AIME serves as the unifying forum for the Member Societies,which include the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration;The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society; Iron and Steel Society;Society of Petroleum Engineers; and the AIME InstituteHeadquarters.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, INC.(ANSI) 11 W. 42nd Street, 13th FloorNew York, NY 10036 Ph#: 212/642-4900 Fax: 212/302-1286 The Sales Department

ANSI is an approval entity in the United States for the voluntarystandards effort.

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API) 1220 L Street NW Washington, DC 20005 Ph#: 202/682-8000 Fax: 202/682-8232

The American Petroleum Institute (API) is the U.S. petroleumindustrys primary trade association. API provides public policydevelopment and advocacy, research, and technical services toenhance the ability of the petroleum industry to meet its mission.

AMERICAN SOClETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS3340 Pilot Knob RoadSt. Paul, MN 55121 Ph#: 612/454-7250 Fax: 612/454-0766 Member Services Representative

A non-profit organization that publishes scientific books andjournals.AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING ANDAIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE)1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329Ph#: 404/636-8400 Fax: 404/ 321-5478 Customer Service: 800/527-4723

ASHRAE is an engineering society whose members are engi-neers specializing in heating, refrigerating, and air conditioning.It serves members through meetings and publications.

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSChemical Industry Trade Associations

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (ASME)345 E 47th StreetNew York, NY 10017-2392 Ph#: 212/705-7722 Fax: 212/705-7674 Member Services

This organization provides classes and networking, and alsoserves its members by providing information about technology andsolutions to the problems of an increasingly technological society.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING(ASNT)1711 Arlingate Lane P.O. Box 28518Columbus, OH 43228-0518 Ph#: 614/274-6003 Fax: 614/274-6899

A non-profit organization that has 10,000 members worldwide.It sells technical books as well as providing testing for certificationfor non-destructive testing. This organization also publishes amonthly magazine.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY CONTROL (ASQC)P.O. Box 3005 Milwaukee, Wl 53201-3005 Ph#: 414/272-8575 Fax: 414/272-1734 Customer Service: 800/ 248-1946

This organization facilitates continuous improvement andincreased customer service by identifying, communicating, andpromoting the use of quality concepts and technology. The ASQCcarries out a variety of professional, educational, and information-al programs.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS1800 E. OaktonDes Plaines, IL 60018-2187 Ph#: 847/699-2929Membership Department, extensions 231, 228, or 254Fax: 847/296-3769

This is the oldest and largest organization servicing safety engi-neers. It has more than 32,000 members and 139 local chapters.The society provides safety education seminars, technical publica-tions, and a monthly magazine among other services.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING& MATERIALS (ASTM)100 Barr Harbor DriveW. Conshohocken, PA 19428Ph#: 610/832-9500Fax: 610/832-9555Membership Department

This non-profit organization deals with 132 different commit-tees, and provides materials and tests different standards.

CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERSASSOCIATION (CMA)1300 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22209 Ph#: 703/741-5000 Fax: 703/741-6095

CMA is one of the oldest trade associations in North America.The CMA is also the focal point for the chemical industrys collec-tive action on legislative, regulatory, and legal matters at the inter-national, national, state and local levels.

CHLORINE INSTITUTE 2001 L Street NW #506 Washington, DC 20036Ph#: 202/775-2790 Fax: 202/223-7225

This organization supports the chloralkaline industry and servesas a public service for safety and health.

COMPOSITES FABRICATORS ASSOCIATION8201 Greensboro Drive, Suite 300 McLean, VA 22102 Ph#: 703/610-9000 Fax: 703/610-9005

The Composites Fabricators Association provides educationalservices including seminars, video training tapes, publications, amonthly technical magazine, and an annual convention. It offersfree technical, government, and regulatory service to its members.

COSMETIC, TOILETRY AND FRAGRANCE ASSOCIATION1101 17th Street NW, Suite 300Washington, DC 200364702 Ph#: 202/331-1770 Fax: 202/331-1969

The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association is the leadingtrade association for the personal care product industry, repre-senting the majority of U.S. personal care product sales. Theindustry trade association was founded in 1894.

FEDERATION OF SOCIETIES FOR COATINGS TECHNOLOGY492 Norristown RoadBlue Bell, PA 19422 Ph#: 610/940-0291Fax: 610/940-0292

This is a trade association for the paint industry.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ADVISORY COUNCIL1101 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 301Washington, DC 20005-3521Ph#: 202/289-4550 Fax: 202/289-4074

Incorporated in 1978, the Hazardous Materials Advisory Council(HMAC) is an international, non-profit organization devoted to pro-moting regulatory compliance and safety in the transportation ofhazardous materials, substances, and wastes.

ISAP.O. Box 1227767 Alexander DriveResearch Triangle Park, NC 27709Ph#: 919/549-8411Fax: 919/549-8288Brian Duckett, Meetings Manager

ISA develops standards for the instrumentation and controlfield.

METAL FINISHING SUPPLIERS ASSOCIATION801 N. Cass Avenue, Suite 300Westmont, IL 60559Ph#: 708/887-0797Fax: 708/887-0799

MFSA is an organization representing 175 member companieswho are suppliers of equipment, chemicals, and services to themetal finishing industry.

NACE INTERNATIONALNational Association of Corrosion EngineersP.O. Box 218340Houston, TX 77218-8340Ph#: 713/492-0535Fax: 713/492-8254

This organization provides a number of services to its mem-bers: the selling of books, publications, magazines, classes, sem-inars and symposiums are among some of those services.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL RECYCLERS1900 M. Street NW, Suite 750Washington, DC 20036Ph#: 202/296-1725Fax: 202/296-2530

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INDUSTRY STANDARDSChemical Industry Trade Associations

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OFPRINTING INK MANUFACTURERS, INC.(NAPIM)Heights Plaza, 777 Terrace AvenueHasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604Ph#: 201/288-9454Fax: 201/288-9453

The National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers is a tradeassociation whose purpose it is to represent the printing ink indus-try in the United States and to provide direction to management inthe areas of environmental issues, business management, gov-ernment regulations, and regulatory compliance.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTIONASSOCIATION (NFPA)1 Batterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02269-9101Ph#: 617/770-3000Fax: 617/770-0700Member Services

Fire protection standards and manuals. Services and interpre-tation of standards are available to members only.

PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND MANUFACTURERS OFAMERICA1100 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 900Washington, DC 20005Ph#: 202/845-3400 Fax: 202/835-3414

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America(PhRMA) represents the countrys largest research based phar-maceutical and biotechnology companies. Investing nearly $16 bil-lion a year in discovering and developing new medicines. PhRMAcompanies are the source of nearly all new drug discoveries world-wide.

PROCESS EQUIPMENTMANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION111 Park PlaceFalls Church, VA 22046-4513 Ph#: 703/538-1796 Fax: 703/241-5603

The Process Equipment Manufacturers Association is an orga-nization of firms and corporations engaged in the manufacture ofprocess equipment such as agitators, mixers, crushing, grindingand screening equipment, vacuum and pressure filters, cen-trifuges, furnaces, kilns, dryers, sedimentation and classificationdevices, and waste treatment equipment.

PULP CHEMICALS ASSOCIATION, INC15 Technology Parkway SouthNorcross, GA 30092Ph#: 770/446-1290Fax: 770/446-1487

The Pulp Chemicals Association Inc. is an international tradeassociation serving the common goals of its membership. Any per-son, firm or corporation who manufactures chemical productsderived from the pulp and forest products industries is eligible formembership.

RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION1400 K Street NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005Ph#: 202/682-4800 Fax: 202/682-4854

The Rubber Manufacturers Association is a trade associationrepresenting the rubber and tire industry in North America.

SOAP AND DETERGENT ASSOCIATION 475 Park Avenue, S. New York, NY 10016 Ph#: 212/725-1262 Fax: 212/213-0685

This is a national, non-profit trade association that representsthe manufacturers of soaps and detergents.

SOCIETY FOR THE ADVANCEMENTOF MATERIAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING(SAMPE)P.O. Box 2459 Covina, CA 91722Ph#: 818/33-0616Fax: 818/332-8929

SAMPE is a global, member-governed, volunteer, not-for-profitorganization, which supplies information on advanced state-of-the-art materials and process opportunities for career developmentwithin the materials and process industries.

SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS14 Fairfield DriveBrookfield, CT 06804-0403Ph#: 203/775-0471Fax: 203/775-8490

This society deals with education, holds seminars and confer-ences, and produces magazines and journals. Membership of37,500 worldwide individuals in all areas of the plastics industry, in70 countries.

THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICSINDUSTRY INC.1275 K Street NW, Suite 400Washington, DC 20005Ph#: 202/371-5200Fax: 202/371-1022

VALVE MANUFACTURERSASSOCIATION OF AMERICA (VMA)1050 17th Street NW, Suite 280Washington, DC 20036Ph#: 202/331-8105Fax: 202/296-0378

WANER ENVIRONMENTFEDERATION601 Wythe StreetAlexandria, VA 22314-1994Ph#: 703/684-2400Fax: 703/684-2450Member Services

FOR SERVICE, PLEASE CALL 1-800-877-HIPCOCH

EMIC

ALR

ESIS

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CE

18

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GUIDEThe chemical resistance data provided here on the followingpages has been assembled from a wide variety of sourcesin our industry. This information is based on practical fieldexperience and actual laboratory testing conducted by themanufacturers of various plastic resins and finished products.Keep in mind that this information should only be used as aguideline for recommendations and not a guarantee ofchemical resistance. Some performance variations may benoticed between homopolymers and copolymers as well asemulsion and suspension type resins of the same generaltype. In addition, actual service conditions including temper-ature, concentration, and contaminant's will affect variancesin chemical resistance.

In assembling the chemical resistance data presented here,several sources were checked. When conflicts were uncov-ered, we took a conservative approach and used the lowerof two or more ratings. In addition, special consideration wasgiven to the material as supplied by a particular vendor; i.e.,our polyethylene ratings are based on information providedby tank manufacturers rather than pipe suppliers. This wasdone primarily because of the volume of tanks supplied ascompared to polyethylene pipe.

In an attempt to make the recommendations more meaningful,we have given the maximum recommended use temperaturefor each plastic and elastomer in the specific chemicals listed.Lacking complete data in many cases we did leave those inquestion as blanks. Where a material is unsuitable for aspecific chemical an X is used.

To the best of our knowledge, the information contained inthis publication is accurate. However, we do not assume anyliability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness ofsuch information. Moreover, there is a need to reducehuman exposure to many materials to the lowest physicallimits in view of possible long term adverse effects. To theextent that any hazards may have been mentioned in thispublication, we neither suggest nor guarantee that suchhazards are the only ones which exist. Final determinationof the suitability of any information or product for the usecontemplated by any user, the manner of that use andwhether there is any infringement of patents, is the soleresponsibility of the user. We recommend that anyoneintending to rely on any recommendation or use any equip-ment, processing technique, or material mentioned in thispublication should satisfy themselves as to such suitability,and that they meet all applicable safety and health stan-dards. We strongly recommend the user seek and adhere tomanufacturers' or suppliers' current instructions for handlingeach material they use.

Metals are listed as:

A = ExcellentB = Good, minor effectC = Fair, needs further testsX = Unsuitable

USE OF THE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLES

The aggressive agents are classified alphabetically accord-ing to their most common designation. Further descriptionsinclude trivial or common names as trade names.

If several concentrations are given for a particular material,the physical data, in general, relates to the pure product thatis 100% concentration.

In listing the maximum use temperature for each plastic typein a given chemical, it can in general be assumed that theresistance will be no worse at lower temperatures.

HOW TO SELECT THE CORRECT MATERIAL:1. Locate the specific chemical in the system or found in thesurrounding atmosphere using the alphabetical chart of chemicals.

2. Select the material with a maximum use temperature thatmatches or exceeds the need. The Harrington philosophy

has always been to suggest the least costlymaterial that will do the job.

3. Where a material or elastomer appears to be marginal compared to the requirements, we encourage a call to our technical service group.

EXAMPLES:1. Methylene chloride: in the tables PVDF, Halar, or Teflon

are the only materials suitable. Carbon steelworks well for chlorinated hydrocarbons of this sortand that would be our choice unless there was anoth-er reason to justify the higher cost of the PVDF,Teflon or Halar.

2. Sodium hypochlorite, 15% at 100F, PVC is good to140F and is the least expensive of the materials available.

3. For nitric acid 40% ambient temperature, the tables rec-ommend either CPVC or polypropylene at 73F. In mostcases CPVC will be the economical choice. Note that PVDFis rated for higher temperature use.

NOTE: The ratings shown for carbon and ceramic pump seals are approximate. Please contactyour local Harrington service center for a recommendation on your specific application.

CHEMICAL

RESISTA

NCEFOR SERVICE, PLEASE CALL 1-800-877-HIPCO

APPROX. SP.GRAVITY

@ 100%

CONC.PVC

CPVC

POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)POLYETHYLENE (PE)

POLYETHYLENE-CROSS LINKED (XLPE)DURAPLUS ABS

RYTONHALAR

PEEKTEFLON

EPOXYVINYLESTER

POLYSULFONEVITONEPDM

NEOPRENEBUNA

N (NITRILE)CARBONCERAM

IC

304 STAINLESS STEEL

316 STAINLESS STEELHASTELLOY

C

TITANIUM

CHEMICAL FORMULAS

PLASTIC ELASTOMER SEAL METAL

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GUIDE

19

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AcetaldehydeAcetaldehyde, AqueousAcetamideAcetate Solvents, CrudeAcetate Solvents, PureAcetic Acid*Acetic Acid*Acetic Acid*Acetic Acid*Acetic Acid*Acetic Acid*Acetic Acid*Acetic Acid*, GlacialAcetic AnhydrideAcetic Ether (See Ethyl Acetate)Acetol (Hydroxy 2 Propanone)AcetoneAcetonitrile (Methyl Cyanide) AcetophenoneAcetyl AcetoneAcetyl BenzeneAcetyl BromideAcetyl Chloride (dry)Acetyl OxideAcetyl PropaneAcetyleneAcetylene DichlorideAcetylene TetrachlorideAcid Mine WaterAcrylic AcidAcrylic Emulsions*AcrylonitrileAdipic Acid AqueousAlcohol (See Ethyl Alcohol)Alcohol, AllylAlcohol, AmylAlcohol, BenzylAlcohol, ButylAlcohol, DiacetoneAlcohol, EtherAlcohol, EthylAlcohol, HexylAlcohol, IsobutylAlcohol, IsopropylAlcohol, MethylAlcohol, OctylAlcohol, PolyvinylAlcohol, PropargylAlkanesAlkazeneAllyl AldehydeAllyl BromideAllyl ChlorideAlum (See Aluminum Sulfate)

CH 3CHO-

CH3CONH2-

-

CH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOHCH3COOH(CH3CO)2O

-

-

CH3COCH3CH3CN

C6H5COCH3-

C6H5COCH3-

C6H5COCH3CH3COBrCH3COCL(CH3CO)2O

CLHC:CHLC(CHCL2)2

-

CH2CHCOOH-

H2CCHCN-

-

-

C5H11OHC6H5CH2OH

-

-

-

C2H5OH-

(CH3)2CHCH2OH(CH3)2CHOH

CH3OH-

-

-

-

-

-

C3H5BrC3H5CL

AL2(SO4)3

-

40-

-

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FOR SERVICE, PLEASE CALL 1-800-877-HIPCOCH

EMIC

ALR

ESIS

TAN

CE

APPROX. SP.GRAVITY

@ 100%

CONC.PVC

CPVC

POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)POLYETHYLENE (PE)

POLYETHYLENE-CROSS LINKED (XLPE)DURAPLUS ABS

RYTONHALAR

PEEKTEFLON

EPOXYVINYLESTER

POLYSULFONEVITONEPDM

NEOPRENEBUNA

N (NITRILE)CARBONCERAM

IC

304 STAINLESS STEEL

316 STAINLESS STEELHASTELLOY

C

TITANIUM

CHEMICAL FORMULAS

PLASTIC ELASTOMER SEAL METAL

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE GUIDE

20

Alum, AmmoniumAlum, ChromeAlum, PotassiumAluminum, AcetateAluminum,Ammonium SulfateAluminum, BromideAluminum, ChlorideAluminum, CitrateAluminum, FluorideAluminum, FormateAluminum, HydroxideAluminum, NitrateAluminum, PhosphateAluminum, Potassium Sulfate(Known as Potash Alum)Aluminum, SaltsAluminum, SulfateAminesAmmoniaAmmoniaAmmonia, GasAmmonia, AnhydrousAmmonium HydroxideAmmonium, NitrateAmmonium Phosphate

Monobasic

NH4OHNH4NO3

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ALK(SO4)2-

-

-

ALBr3ALCL3

-

ALF3AL(HCOO)3

AL(OH)3AL(NO3)3ALPO4

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AL2(SO4)3-

NH3NH3NH3

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(NH4)2Cr2O7NH4HF2NH4HS

NH4HCO3-

NH4CL(NH4)2Cr2O7

NH4FNH4FNH4FNH4F

NH4OH-

-

NH4NO3(NH4)2C2O4(NH4)2S2O8NH4H2PO4

(NH4)2HPO4NH4H2PO4

-

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(NH4)2SO4(NH4)2S

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TribasicAmmonium, AcetateAmmonium, Alum (See Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate)Ammonium, BichromateAmmonium, BifluorideAmmonium, BisulfideAmmonium, CarbonateAmmonium, CaseniteAmmonium, ChlorideAmmonium, DichromateAmmonium, FluorideAmmonium, FluorideAmmonium, FluorideAmmonium, FluorideAmmonium, HydroxideAmmonium,

MetaphosphateAmmonium, NitrateAmmonium, OxalateAmmonium, PersulfateAmmonium, Phosphate

DibasicMonobasicTribasic

Ammonium, SaltsAmmonium, SulfateAmmonium, Sulfide

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