Engaging Families & Communitiesin Preventionin Prevention

Kevin Haggerty, MSW, Ph.D.Social Development Research Group, University of

Washington, School of Social Work

haggerty@uw.edu

What is the Standard?

Low Participation is typical in studies1-31% in research study programs (Bauman et al.,

2000; Cunningham et al., 2000, Heinrichs, et al., 2005; Meyers et. al., 1990, Spoth et al., 2007)

40-60% for targeted parents (Spoth et al., 2000; Haggerty et al., 2006)Haggerty et al., 2006)

Community RecruitmentTriple P— 17.1% after two years (Prinz, et al., 2009)PROSPER ExampleTwo States, 17% of community families

attended a session of SFP program (Spoth et al., 2007)

What predicts participation?

Race/Ethnicity (Gorman-Smith, 2002; Haggerty et al., 2006; Perrino et al., 2001 )

Single parenthood (Gorman-Smith et al., 2002 Heinrichs et al., 2002;)

Parent Education Levels (Heinrichs et al., 2002; Spoth et al., 1997)

Parent Reports of Child Behavior Problems (Haggerty et al., 200X; Heinrichs, et al., 2005)

Location, program materials, childcare among low income urban families of color (Gross et al., 2001; Haggerty et al., 2006)

Family stress, family income, initial facilitator contact, for Hispanic families (Prado et al., 2006)

What are “typical” Barriers to Participation?

Conflicting time demandsFamily activity schedulingParental normsParental normsParental attitudes and beliefsProgram specific issues (content, delivery,

support)(Heinrichs, et al., 2005; Kumpfer, 2000 Spoth & Redmond, 2000; Spoth & Redmond, 2002;

Whittaker et al., 2012).

Parent Consumer Preferences162 ethnically diverse parents of 3-6 year olds

Metzler et al., 2012

The Parents Who Care Experience

Haggerty et al., 2006, Journal of Primary Prevention

Three Significant Findings

1. More families initiate the Self-Administered format

2. Few expected barriers predict amount of program exposureof program exposure

3. Parents in both format conditions showed significant improvements at post test

SA and PAG Intervention

Ten week window for completion

62 identified family tasks to complete

7 weekly two hour sessions

Meet and Greet--Teen and Parents Together—

Skills review and practice

Self Administered Parent and Teen Group

complete

Weekly telephone check-ins Encourage participation and

completion

Troubleshoot parenting issues

Encourage using new skills from the materials

Track progress toward completion

Skills review and practice

Topic introduction

Teen and Parents Separate

Skills and information

Practice – Teens and Parents Together

Skills practice session

Most Families Participate in PWC

8090

100

93**% Initiating

**p

Expected Barriers That Did Not Predict Amount of Exposure

Home disorganization

Parent report of stressful life events

Parent depression

Parent report of family conflict Parent report of family conflict

Teen report of attention problems

Teen report of total problem behavior

Age of teen

Lower parent education level

Single parent status

Variables predicting amountof exposure

Parent and teen groupAfrican American families less likely to

attend

Self AdministeredParents with high risk behaviors

What We Know

Self-Administered Programs are:

Accessible Effective Effective More flexible Less judgmental Less stigmatizing Cheaper

The Potential of Self-Directed Programs

Who dads turn tofor advice about fathering

Response Percentage of Fathers

Parents or other family members

30%

No-one 16%Friends 15%Friends 15%Wife/child’s mother 12%Other 13%Faith organizations 6%Parenting class or support group

4%

Books & magazines 3%Community organizations

0.5%

Successful Recruitment Methods Reported by Participants

Ethnic GroupEthnic Group 11stst recruitment recruitment methodmethod

22ndnd recruitment recruitment methodmethod

African African AmericanAmerican

School (45%)School (45%) Brochure/Flyer Brochure/Flyer (35%)(35%)AmericanAmerican (35%)(35%)

HispanicHispanic Church (34%)Church (34%) Friend (31%)Friend (31%)

Native American Native American Friend (38%)Friend (38%) Brochure/Flyer Brochure/Flyer (36%)(36%)

SamoanSamoan Friend (49%)Friend (49%) Workshop Workshop Leader (25%)Leader (25%)

Harachi, et al., 1997

Implications for Health Care Settings?

Based on what you have heard so far….what are the implications for parenting programs in Health Care Settings?

Marijuana Messages: Quantitative measures of tested messages

Kevin HaggertyKevin HaggertyAlex Mason

Koren Hanson Social Development Research Group, UW

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Do Parents Know the Legal Age for Use?

57%60%

80%

100%

What is the legal age limit for marijuana use?

N=115.Source: Mason et al., 2013.

29%

2%8% 4%

0%

20%

40%

18 19 21 25 Don't know

Nonrepresentative sample of parents of Tacoma 10th graders

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Focus Groups

• Six Focus Groups (three parent, three teen)• High response rate to invitation• 90 minutes—warm up with teens regarding

information about the lawinformation about the law• Recruited from the Common Sense Parenting

sample of parents• Facilitator, note taker in each group

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Parent Themes

• Marijuana has negative impacts on development.• Young people need good information and skills• Parents are concerned about the impact of the

new law.new law.• There are risks and consequences to youth use.• Messages need to come from trusted sources• Parents need effective strategies.

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Youth Themes

• Marijuana has negative impacts on development and future opportunities.

• There are real risks of negative consequences to young people using.

• Marijuana can be beneficial. • Marijuana can be beneficial. • Messages need to come from trusted sources.• Teens look for information, guidance and open

communication. • Young people are curious and don’t always weigh the

risks22

Messages for parents

• Just like alcohol…no use under 21, no using and driving, no use in public places

• Don't close doors - Marijuana use can close • Don't close doors - Marijuana use can close doors to opportunities

• Just because it's legal doesn't mean it isn't dangerous

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Some messages for parents who use

• Use gets in the way of other opportunities….college, career and relationships

• Would you let your teen drive at age 12 > why • Would you let your teen drive at age 12 > why do you have to wait until you’re 21 to use?

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Summary

1.Information messages are most acceptable for both parents and teens

2.Public Information campaigns are a critical and important first step of a

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critical and important first step of a public health campaign

3.Parents who use, youth who use are more resistant to advice or prevention messages

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Engaging Families &Communities in Prevention

Kevin Haggerty, MSW, Ph.D.Director,

Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, School of Social Work