ENG 411B Day 5 - Module 3 Overview

PHRASES

Next stage for analyzing grammar in context:

1. Main Verb Phrase2. Prepositional Phrases3. Nonfinite Verb Phrases

ENG 411B

Principles of Modern Grammar

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Principles of Modern Grammarhttp://acompletewasteofmakeup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/goals.jpg

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An ability to identify and analyze in context:

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1. the main verb phrase of any clause


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• What is the main verb phrase?• What is the main verb phrase formula?• How do you recognize the main verb

phrase in the context of a clause?• What are key markers for the main

verb phrase?

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1. the main verb phrase of any clause

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2. verb tenses and compound verb forms


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• What are the verb tenses?• What are verb forms?• How do you recognize verb forms in

the context of the main verb phrase formula?

• What are key markers for verb forms?

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2. verb tenses and compound verb forms

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3. passive structures


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• What is the passive structure?• What relationship does the passive

structure have to the main verb phrase formula?

• How do you recognize the passive structure?

• What is key marker for the passive structure?

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4. prepositional phrases


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• What is a prepositional phrase?• How do you recognize a prepositional

phrase in the context of a clause or sentence?

• What are key markers for the prepositional phrase?

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5. infinitive phrases


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• What is an infinitive phrase?• How do you recognize an infinitive

phrase in the context of a clause or sentence?

• What are key markers for the infinitive phrase?

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6. participle phrases and gerund phrases


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• What is a participle phrase?• What is a gerund phrase?• What are the similarities and

differences?• How do you recognize one from the

other?• What are key markers for the participle

phrase?• What are key markers for the gerund

phrase?

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6. participle phrases and gerund phrases

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http://www.fantom-xp.com/wp_23_~_Markers.html

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1. main verb phrase and MVP Formula

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Main Verb Phrase Formula

• TENSE + modal + have +{-en} + be + {-ing} + MAIN VERB

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• TENSE and MAIN VERB are the only REQUIRED elements

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• TENSE and MAIN VERB must be present to be a Main Verb Phrase. NOT present, NOT a Main Verb Phrase

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• TENSE and MAIN VERB must be present to be a Main Verb Phrase. NOT present, NOT a Main Verb Phrase

• Passive Construction - be + {-en} - is the only exception

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2. verb tenses and verb forms


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Verb Tenses

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Verb Tenses• In English, only PRESENT tense and PAST tense

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Verb Forms

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Verb Forms• TENSE + modal + have +{-en} + be + {-ing} + MAIN VERB

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• Simple Present or Simple Past

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• Simple Present or Simple Past• Present Perfect or Past Perfect

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• Simple Present or Simple Past• Present Perfect or Past Perfect• Present Progressive or Past Progressive

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• Simple Present or Simple Past• Present Perfect or Past Perfect• Present Progressive or Past Progressive• Present Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive

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• Simple Present or Simple Past• Present Perfect or Past Perfect• Present Progressive or Past Progressive• Present Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive

• Passive Construction - be + {-en} - is the only exception

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• Passive is a grammatical structure: BE + {-en}

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• Passive is a Main Verb Phrase and analyzed as a Main Verb Phrase

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• Passive takes tense (Passive is NOT the same thing as Simple Past form)

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• Passive can function with all of the auxiliaries in the Main Verb Phrase Formula

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• Passive can function with all of the auxiliaries in the Main Verb Phrase Formula

• Object is “doer” of action • Subject is “receiver” of action

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• PREPOSITION + Nominal = prepositional phrase

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• Nominal is the OBJECT of the preposition

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• Prepositional Phrases can modify words, phrases, clauses, or whole sentences.

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• Prepositional Phrases can modify words, phrases, clauses, or whole sentences.

• Prepositional Phrases most commonly function adjectivally or adverbially; can function nominally

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• INFINITIVE = unmarked base form of a verb, normally preceded by the infinitive marker TO

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• to + verb

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• to + verb

• Infinitive phrase can modify words, phrases, clauses, or whole sentences.

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• to + verb


• Infinitive phrase can function nominally, adjectivally, or adverbially.

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• to + verb



• Infinitive phrase can include subject or complements.

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• to + verb



• Infinitive phrase can include subject or complements.• Infinitive phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it

NEVER takes TENSE.

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• to + verb



• Infinitive phrase can include subject or complements.• Infinitive phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it

NEVER takes TENSE.• Must be able to recognize the difference between the

infinitive marker TO and the preposition TO.

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6. participle phrases


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• While they are called “past” participle and “present” participle phrase, more accurately should be called “perfect” participle and “progressive” participle phrase.

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• verb + {-en} • verb + {-ing}

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• Participle phrase can modify words, phrases, clauses, or whole sentences.

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• Participle phrase can function adjectivally or adverbially.

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• Participle phrase can function adjectivally or adverbially.• Participle phrase can include subject or complements.

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• Participle phrase can function adjectivally or adverbially.• Participle phrase can include subject or complements.• Participle phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it

NEVER takes TENSE.

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• Participle phrase can function adjectivally or adverbially.• Participle phrase can include subject or complements.• Participle phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it

NEVER takes TENSE.• Must be able to tell the difference between a participle

phrase and a gerund phrase

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7. gerund phrases


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7. gerund phrases


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• Gerund phrase only uses the “present” participle (progressive) inflection.

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}

• Gerund phrase can only function nominally.

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}

• Gerund phrase can only function nominally.• Gerund phrase can occupy any noun position (nominal

slot) in a sentence.

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}


slot) in a sentence. • The most common are subject, direct object, and object

of preposition.

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}



of preposition.• Gerund phrase can include subject or complements.

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}



of preposition.• Gerund phrase can include subject or complements.• Gerund phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it

NEVER takes TENSE.

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7. gerund phrases


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• verb + {-ing}



of preposition.• Gerund phrase can include subject or complements.• Gerund phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it

NEVER takes TENSE.• Must be able to tell the difference between a participle

phrase and a gerund phrase

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http://benaldin.blogspot.com/2012/02/sentence-elements.html

The subdued smile which, though it did not suit her faded features, always played round her lips expressed, as in a spoiled child, a continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she neither wished, nor could, nor considered it necessary, to correct.

from War and Peace by Leo Tolstoyhttp://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2600

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Main Verb Phrase and Main Verb Phrase Formula

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1. did . . . suit - present + modal + suit

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2. played - past + play

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3. expressed - past + express

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4. wished - past + wish

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5. could - present + modal

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5. could - present + modal

6. considered - past + consider

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Verb Forms

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Verb Forms

1. did . . . suit - present + modal + suit = simple present

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Verb Forms


2. played - past + play = simple past

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Verb Forms



3. expressed - past + express = simple past

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Verb Forms




4. wished - past + wish = simple past

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Verb Forms





5. could - present + modal = simple present*

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Verb Forms





5. could - present + modal = simple present*

6. considered - past + consider = simple past

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Passive Structure

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Passive Structure

No Passive Structures Present

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Passive Structure


Possible Example:

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Passive Structure


Possible Example:

A continual consciousness of her charming defect was expressed by the subdued smile.

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Prepositional Phrases

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1. round her lips - round (prep) + her lips (object)Functioning adverbially to modify PLAYED

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2. as in a spoiled child - as in (prep) a spoiled child (object)Functioning adverbially to modify EXPRESSED

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2. as in a spoiled child - as in (prep) a spoiled child (object)Functioning adverbially to modify EXPRESSED

3. of her charming defect - of (prep) her charming defect (object)Functioning adjectivally to modify CONSCIOUSNESS

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Infinitive Phrases

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Infinitive Phrases

1. to correctFunctioning nominally as the direct object of WISHED

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Participle Phrases

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Participle Phrases

1. subdued - past participleFunctioning adjectivally to modify SMILE

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Participle Phrases


2. faded - past participleFunctioning adjectivally to modify FEATURES

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Participle Phrases



3. spoiled - past participleFunctioning adjectivally to modify CHILD

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Participle Phrases



3. spoiled - past participleFunctioning adjectivally to modify CHILD

4. charming- present participleFunctioning adjectivally to modify DEFECT

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Gerund Phrases

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Gerund Phrases

No Gerund Phrases Present

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Gerund Phrases


Possible Example:

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Gerund Phrases


Possible Example:

though smiling did not suit her faded features

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leModule Three – Phrases

6 M Sep 29 Module 3 Overview; Analyzing in Context/Markers and Keys for Module 3

READ Section 5

Online Work Proficiencies Available Oct 1Send Samples to Dr. Nagelhoutby Oct 3

COMPLETE Quiz 5; Quiz 6 by Oct 3COMPLETE OLE 3; OLE 4 by Oct 3COMPLETE Discussion Posts by Oct 3

7 M Oct 6 In-Class Presentations; In-Class Practice

COMPLETE Proficiency 1; Proficiency 2; Proficiency 3; Proficiency 4 by Oct 10

Online Work Complete ProficienciesProficiency Answers Available Oct 11

8 M Oct 13 Module Three Exam PrepCOMPLETE Module Three Exam by Oct 17

Online Work Module Three Exam Available Oct 13Complete Module Three Exam

ENG 411B


If you have any questions that have not been answered today, please contact me through WebCampus mail.

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ENG 411B Day 5 - Module 3 Overview

Education

Transcript of ENG 411B Day 5 - Module 3 Overview