Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 4, número 3, 2014

8/12/2019 Enfermera del Trabajo, volumen 4, nmero 3, 2014

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Mkatlrajb

Bj prmvmnhan, bj bbjvm pjrj tmnmr un hlrjzn sjnl

Jutlrms

Kr. K. Bmjnkrl Ybjzj HmbmcnYrmsakmntm km bj Dunkjhan Mspjlbj kmb Hlrjzn (DM

J pmsjr km smr prmvmnaobms mn mb 59% km bls hjsls, bjsmndmrcmkjkms hjrkalvjshubjrms saùmn lhupjnkl, jl trjsjl, bj plsahan cs jbtj mn mb rjnfan` km bjs hjusjs kmclrtjbakjk mn Mspjj, plr kmbjntm kmb hnhmr y km bjs mn-dmrcmkjkms rmsparjtlrajs. _mkuhar mstjs hadrjs ms mb logm-tavl pranhapjb km bj Dunkjhan Mspjlbj kmb Hlrjzn(DMH), mkuhjnkl j bj plobjhan mn bj acplrtjnhaj km bj prmvmnhan m anhubhjnkl bj jklphan km eoatls sjbukjobms.

Yjrj mntmnkmr cmglr bj satujhan kmomrjcls prmstjr jtmnhan j jbùnjs hadrjs7 Xm`n bls btacls kjtls pu- obahjkls plr mb Anstatutl Njhalnjb km Mstjkstahj (ANM), mnMspjj, bjs mndmrcmkjkms kmb sastmcj harhubjtlral sm hl- orjrln bj vakj km :??.910 pmrslnjs slbl kurjntm mb jl?9:?, bl qum rmprmsmntj un 89,89% km bj cumrtms mn nums-trl pjs.

Ms hamrtl qum mb plrhmntjgm km cumrtms plr mndmrcmkj-kms hjrkalvjshubjrms sm ej akl rmkuhamnkl km dlrcj pju-bjtanj kurjntm bls btacls jls. Jn js, ejy qum kmstjhjr qum, mn ncmrls joslbutls, bj hjntakjk km djbbmhakls ejjucmntjkl ejstj bbm`jr j hadrjs sacabjrms j bjs km ?995.Bjs pranhapjbms hjusjs km cumrtm sln mb jhhakmntm hjrkal-vjshubjr, bj ansudahamnhaj hjrkajhj y mb andjrtl.

Nl lostjntm pjrmhm qum mxastm buz jb danjb kmb tnmb.Mn bls btacls 89 jls bj mspmrjnzj km vakj km bj plobj-han mspjlbj ej jucmntjkl mn 4 jls. Bj hjusj km mstmanhrmcmntl sm kmom, mn pjrtm, j bls jvjnhms cs acplr-tjntms mn cjtmraj hjrkalvjshubjr, tjntl j jqumbbls qumejhmn rmdmrmnhaj jb usl km tmrjpajs annlvjklrjs hlcl jbcmglr hlntrlb kmb pjhamntm y km bls kastantls djhtlrms kmrams`l. Q ms qum bj hjrkalbl`j ms unj km bjs mspmhajbakjkmsqum cs ej annlvjkl mn bls btacls tamcpls y js kmomhlntanujr. J numstrl pjrmhmr, bj rmkuhhan km bj pranhapjbhjusj km cumrtm mn numstrl pjs kmom mnhlntrjr unj slbu-han mn bj cmkahanj pmrl tjcoan mn bls eoatls km vakj

km bj plobjhan.Mn pracmr bu`jr, mb hlntrlb km bls djhtlrms km rams`l m

msmnhajb pjrj prmvmnar y mvatjr mb kmsjrrlbbl km bj mncmkjk hjrkalvjshubjr. Hcl ejhmrbl< Cuy dhab, kmom-rjcls cmkar rmùbjrcmntm bls navmbms km hlbmstmrlb, k`buhlsj y km tmnsan jrtmrajb. Jkmcs, mvatjr bj lomsakjk,mb smkmntjrascl y mb tjojquascl hlnstatuymn prlpsatlsmsmnhajbms pjrj smùar rmkuhamnkl bj mndmrcmkjk kmbtmcj harhubjtlral. Km emhel, nl plkmcls lbvakjr qum unl

km bls cjylrms jvjnhms km bls btacls jls mn prmvmnhanej sakl bj Bmy Jntatjojhl. Mb tjojquascl cjtj j unl kmhjkj kls ducjklrms l bl qum ms bl cascl, j unj km hjkjsamtm pmrslnjs cjylrms km 8= jls. Mb tjojhl trapbahj bjs prlojoabakjkms km pjkmhmr un andjrtl y, js, sm ej `jnjklmb ttubl km bj pracmrj jcmnjzj hjrkalvjshubjr. Kmgjr km ducjr pumkm jplrtjr `rjnkms omnmdahals hjrkalvjshu-bjrms mn un pbjzl km tamcpl rmbjtavjcmntm hlrtl. Hjom rmhlrkjr qum mb rams`l km pjkmhmr unj mndmrcmkjkhjrkalvjshubjr j bls hanhl jls km ejomr kmgjkl mb tjojhlsm mquapjrj jb km un nl ducjklr.

Mxastmn ltrls djhtlrms km rams`l qum tjcoan sln cuyacplrtjntms pjrj mvatjr bj jpjrahan km bjs mndmrcmkjkmskmb hlrjzn6 mntrm mbbls, unl cuy sabmnhalsl yj qum bls pjhamntms qum bl pjkmhmn nl prmsmntjn `rjnkms sntlcjsejstj qum bj mndmrcmkjk bbm`j j un navmb km `rjvmkjk kmtjhjobm7 bj eapmrtmnsan. ]n tmrhal km bls eapmrtmnsls nsjomn qum bl sln y ltrl tmrhal nl bl`rj cmglrjr sus hadrjskm prmsan jrtmrajb. Hlntrlbjr bj eapmrtmnsan ms unj tjrmhlcpbahjkj y, km emhel, un :=% km bls pjhamntms eapmr-tmnsls sln rmsastmntms, pmrl ejy qum tmnmr hbjrl qum, hlnunj hlrrmhtj jbacmntjhan y eoatls km vakj sjbukjobms, bjrmkuhhan km bj eapmrtmnsan jrtmrajb ms plsaobm mn bylrj km hjsls. Mn Mspjj ejy :: cabblnms km eapmrtmnslsy bjs kmdunhalnms plr mstj hjusj ejn jucmntjkl km cj-nmrj prmlhupjntm mn bls btacls jls.

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Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 5=-54Ybjzj Hmbmcn, BBj prmvmnhan, bj bbjvm pjrj tmnmr un hlrjzn sjnl

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Yjrj bl`rjr un cmglr hlntrlb km bj eapmrtmnsan ms cuyacplrtjntm hlnhamnhajr j bj plobjhan slorm bj acplrtjn-haj km bj rmkuhhan kmb hlnsucl km sjb. Mn Mspjj hln-sucacls jprlxacjkjcmntm :: `rjcls kajrals km sjb, mbklobm km bl rmhlcmnkjkl plr bj Lr`jnazjhan Cunkajb kmbj Xjbuk (LCX)6 un 59% km mstj sjb prlvamnm km jbacmntls prmhlhanjkls y mb ltrl ?9% bl mnhlntrjcls mn mb pjn.Hcl hlnsucar cmnls sjb< ]nj oumnj lphan ms mbmàr prlkuhtls ojgls mn sjb, pralrazjr bj an`mstj km jbacmntlsdrmshls y nl sjzlnjr mn mxhmsl bls pbjtls, l usjr, plr mgmcpbl, mspmhams mn bu`jr km sjb u ltrls hlnsmrvjntms nj-turjbms hlcl mb zucl km bacn.

Yrmvmnar bj mndmrcmkjk hjrkalvjshubjr pumkm smr cuysmnhabbl sa nls jhlstucorjcls j vavar cmglr. _msubtj msmn-hajb smùar unj kamtj mquabaorjkj y vjrajkj hlnsucamnkljb cmnls hanhl pamzjs km vm`mtjbms jb kj y rmkuhamnkl mbhlnsucl km rjsjs, mspmhajbcmntm bjs sjturjkjs. Bj kamtjcmkatmrrnmj nls ldrmhm pbjtls rahls y sjbukjobms. Mb sm-ùnkl puntl hbjvm ms mb mgmrhahal7 rmjbazjr jb cmnls 89 ca-nutls km mgmrhahal jb kj nls pmrcatm mstjr mn dlrcj ymvatjr cuhels km bls djhtlrms km rams`l qum djhabatjn bjjpjrahan km bj mndmrcmkjk hjrkalvjshubjr. Hlntrlbjr mbhlnsucl km jbhlelb, nl ducjr y cjntmnmr un pmsl jkm-

hujkl hlcpbmtjn bjs rmhlcmnkjhalnms osahjs pjrj hln-smùar unj vakj sjbukjobm y kascanuar bj prmvjbmnhaj kmbjs mndmrcmkjkms kmb hlrjzn.

Ylr btacl, pmrl nl cmnls acplrtjntm, nls ùstjrjkmstjhjr qum bjs mndmrcmkjkms hjrkalvjshubjrms bbm`jn jrmprmsmntjr mb :0% km bjs ojgjs bjolrjbms. Ms plr mbbl qumbj Dunkjhan Mspjlbj kmb Hlrjzn (DMH) kmsjrrlbbj mb prl`rjcj YMHX (Yrl`rjcj km Mcprmsjs Hjrkalsjbukj- obms) qum ldrmhm emrrjcamntjs lramntjkjs j prmvmnar bj mn-dmrcmkjk hjrkalvjshubjr, rmkuhar bj tjsj km josmntasclbjolrjb y, hlnsmhumntmcmntm, jucmntjr bj sjbuk km bls trjojgjklrms y mb rmnkacamntl mcprmsjrajb. Yjrj bbmvjrbl jhjol, mxpmrtls mvjbjn kastantls djhtlrms qum anhakmn ka-rmhtjcmntm mn mb navmb km sjbuk km bls trjojgjklrms, hlclsln bls djhtlrms km rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr, bj jhtavakjk d-sahj, nutrahan, cugmr, tjojquascl, mstrs l `mstan mcl-halnjb, y mbjolrjn un andlrcm pmrslnjbazjkl qum anhbuymvjrajs rmhlcmnkjhalnms.

Qj ejhm jls qum bj hjrkalbl`j ej mbmàkl mb hjcanlkm bj annlvjhan y bj prmvmnhan, jplstjnkl plr unj jtmn-han cubtakashapbanjr y pmrslnjbazjkj, jplyjnkl prlymhtlskm anvmsta`jhan m anvartamnkl msdumrzls mn bj mkuhjhany bj andlrcjhan km bj plobjhan. Xlbl hjom jjkar qummstm hjcanl kmom hlntanujr y qum bj cmglrj hlnstjntm, mnmstm hjsl cs qum nunhj, ms vatjb.

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 5=-54Ybjzj Hmbmcn, B

Bj prmvmnhan, bj bbjvm pjrj tmnmr un hlrjzn sjnl

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50Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 50-1;_lcmrl Xjbkjj, C., bvjrmz Dmrnnkmz, H., Tjqumrl Jombbn, C., Yramtl Ojbbmstmrls, JMvlbuhan km bj prmvjbmnhaj km Xnkrlcm Cmtjobahl mn plobjhan trjojgjklrj (?99:-?9:8)

_MX]CMN

Antrlkuhhan 7 Mb snkrlcm cmtjobahl (XC) ms un hlnguntl km djhtlrms km rams`l qum prmkasplnmn jb trjojgjklr j tmnmr cjylr rams`l km pjkmhmr jbùnj mndmrcmkjk hjr-kalvjshubjr y Kajomtms Cmbbatus tapl ? (KCAA). Mstm mstu-

kal prmtmnkm hlnlhmr bj mvlbuhan km bj prmvjbmnhaj kmXC mn bj plobjhan trjojgjklrj kmb Jyuntjcamntl km Hr-kloj mn mb pmralkl hlcprmnkakl mntrm ?99: y ?9:8.Cjtmrajb y ctlkl7 Klobm mstukal kmshraptavl trjnsvmr-sjb7 Mstukal anahajb (?99:) hln un cumstrj km 8?9 trjojgj-klrms, y mstukal danjb (?9:8) hln 8:4 trjojgjklrms. Xm ejnrmhlàkl vjrajobms km pmrslnj (smxl, mkjk, dlrcjhan jhj-kcahj, hlnsucl km tjojhl y jbhlelb, jhtavakjk dsahj),jntrlplctrahjs (pmsl, tjbbj, ACH, AH[, AHH, plrhmntjgmkm pmsl `rjsl y tmnsan jrtmrajb), y jnjbtahjs (`buhmcaj ojsjb, hlbmstmrlb EKB, tra`bahrakls, y hakl rahl). Xm ejn

mcpbmjkl bls hratmrals km NHMY-J[Y AAA (?99=) pjrj bjkmdanahan km XC._msubtjkls 7 Bj mkjk cmkaj km bj cumstrj dum km ;8,?jls (?99:) y ;0 jls (?9:8) (p29,9=). Bj prmvjbmnhaj kmXC dum kmb :4,8% y :8,4%, pjrj ?99: y ?9:8, rmspmhta-vjcmntm. Nl sm ejn lotmnakl kadmrmnhajs sa`nadahjtavjsmntrm ?99: y ?9:8 mn bjs prmvjbmnhajs km lomsakjk (:0,?%y :0,5%), eapmrtmnsan jrtmrajb (:4.8% y :0,5%), eapmr-hlbmstmrlbmcaj (81,:% y 85,1%) m eapmrtra`bahmramcaj(:?,?% y 5,1%)6 pmrl s mn tjojquascl (8?,5% y ?;,;%).Hlnhbusalnms7 Bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC ms sacabjr j bj mn-hlntrjkj mn plobjhan murlpmj. Xm ej mvakmnhajkl un kms-hmnsl mn jbùnls eoatls txahls hlcl mb tjojquascl, mbhlnsucl clkmrjkl-jbtl km jbhlelb y bj ojgj jhtavakjk d-sahj. Bjs prmvjbmnhajs km bls djhtlrms km rams`l hjrkalvjs-

hubjr sln andmralrms j bjs km bj plobjhan `mnmrjb mspjlbjYjbjorjs hbjvm7 Xnkrlcm cmtjobahl, sjbuk bjolrjb, plobjhan trjojgjklrj, rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr.

[rmnks an tem prmvjbmnhm ld cmtjolbah synkrlcman wlrfan` plpubjtaln (?99:-?9:8)

JOX[_JH[

Ojhf`rlunk 7 Cmtjolbah synkrlcm (CX) as j smt ld rasf djhtlrs tejt prmkasplsm tem wlrfmr tl ejvm anhrmjsmk rasf ld hjrkalvjshubjr kasmjsm jnk typm ? Kajomtms Cmbbatu(KC typm AA). [eas stuky jacs tl kmtmrcanm tem mvlbutalnld tem prmvjbmnhm ld CX an tem wlrfan` plpubjtaln ld tem

tlwn ejbb ld Hrkloj an tem pmralk omtwmmn ?99: jnk?9:8.Cjtmrajb jnk cmtelks 7 Kluobm hrlss smhtalnjb stuky7Anatajb Xtuky (?99:) wate j sjcpbm ld 8?9 wlrfmrs, jnkdanjb stuky (?9:8) wate 8:4 wlrfmrs. Ejvm ommn hlbbmhtmkvjrajobms ld pmrsln (smx, j`m, mkuhjtalnjb ojhf`rlunk,hlnsucptaln ld snudd jnk jbhlelb, peysahjb jhtavaty), jnte-rlplcmtrah (wmaèt, emaèt, OCA, AH[, AHH, pmrhmntj`mld djt wmaèt jnk obllk prmssurm), jnk bjolrjtlry (djstan``buhlsm , EKB helbmstmrlb, tra`byhmrakms, jnk urah jhak)Hratmraj ejvm ommn usmk NHMY-J[Y AAA (?99=) dlr temdanataln ld CX._msubts 7 [em cmjn j`m ld tem sjcpbm wjs ;8.? ymjrs(?99:) jnk ;0 ymjrs (?9:8) (p 29.9=). [em prmvjbmnhm ld CX wjs :4.8% jnk :8.4%, dlr ?99: jnk ?9:8, rmspmhta-

Jrthubl lraànjb

Mvlbuhan km bj prmvjbmnhaj kmXnkrlcm Cmtjobahl mn plobjhantrjojgjklrj (?99:-?9:8)

Jutlrms

_lcmrl Xjbkjj, C., bvjrmz Dmrnnkmz, H.,Tjqumrl Jombbn, C., Yramtl Ojbbmstmrls, J

[rjzjoabakjk mkatlrajb_mhmphan7 ??-9?-?9:;_mvasan plr pjrms7 ?1-98-?9:;Jhmptjhan danjb7 9?-94-?9:;

HlrrmsplnkmnhajCjnumb _lcmrl Xjbkjj

rlcmrlImndmrcmrajkmbtrjojgl.hlc


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Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 50-1;_lcmrl Xjbkjj, C., bvjrmz Dmrnnkmz, H., Tjqumrl Jombbn, C., Yramtl Ojbbmstmrls

Mvlbuhan km bj prmvjbmnhaj km Xnkrlcm Cmtjobahl mn plobjhan trjojgjklrj (?99:-?9:

Jhtujbcmntm, mxastmn kadmrmntms ùjs hbnahjs mbjrjkjs plr slhamkjkms hamntdahjs y lr`jnascls antmrnjhal-njbms. Bjs cs mcpbmjkjs sln7 @uj kmb Yrl`rjcj Njhalnjb km Mkuhjhan hlntrj mb Hlbmstmrlb-Yjnmb km [rtjcamntl pjrj Jkubtls AAA (NHMY-J[Y AAA), y bj @uj pmrtmnmhamntm j bj Dmkmrjhan Antmrnjhalnjb km Kajo(DAK).

Bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC mn plobjhan trjojgjklrj mspj-lbj, sm`n mb _màstrl Njhalnjb km XC (_màstrl CMX-QJX Cmtjolbah Xynkrlcm an Jhtavm Xuogmhts)1, prlclvakl plr bj Xlhamkjk Mspjlbj km Hjrkalbl`j mn

?998, ms kmb :9,?%. Mn ?99=, mb mstukal rmjbazjkl plrBmn:9 slorm unj cumstrj km :5.00; trjojgjklrms mspjl-bms prmsmntj unj prmvjbmnhaj kmb :?%, mcpbmjnkl mjcols mstukals bls hratmrals NHMY-J[Y AAA.Mb logmtavl kmb prmsmntm mstukal ms hlnlhmr bj mvlbukm bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC mn mb pmralkl ?99:-?9:8, mn pl objhan trjojgjklrj pmrtmnmhamntm j unj jkcanastrjhanblhjb, js hlcl bjs pranhapjbms vjrajobms kmpmnkamntms jslhajkjs j XC.

Cjtmrajb y ctlkls- Kasml mpakmcalbàhl.Klobm mstukal kmshraptavltrjnsvmrsjb qum plsaoabatj mb mstukal km bj mvlbuhan km prmvjbmnhaj km XC. Mb pracmrl, rmjbazjkl jb anahal kmb ralkl km mstukal (?99:), y mb smùnkl, rmjbazjkl jb danjb(?9:8).

- Ylobjhan y cumstrj.Bj plobjhan km trjojgjklrms pmr-tmnmhm jb Jyuntjcamntl km Hrkloj. Mn ?99:, bj plobj-han km trjojgjklrms dum km :154 y km :1:; mn mb jl mn?9:8. Xm smbmhhaln unj cumstrj jbmjtlraj, mstrjtadahjkj plr mkjk y smxl, slorm jqumbbls trjojgjklrms qum jhukjnj bj rmjbazjhan kmb mxjcmn km sjbuk bjolrjb. Bls tjcjlscumstrjbms dumrln km 8?9 y 8:4 trjojgjklrms pjrj ?99: y?9:8, rmspmhtavjcmntm. Yjrj su prmkmtmrcanjhan sm utabaz bj emrrjcamntj MYAKJ[ ;.9, hlnsakmrjnkl unj prmvj-bmnhaj mspmrjkj kmb :?%, unj smùrakjk kmb 1=% y unj prmhasan mntrm mb 8-;%.[lkls bls trjojgjklrms ejn sakl rmhbutjkls j trjvs km blsmxcmnms km sjbuk bjolrjb rmjbazjkls mn bj mcprmsj, andlrcnklbms vmrojbcmntm y plr mshratl slorm bls logmtavlskmb mxjcmn km sjbuk bjolrjb, rmhlàmnkl su hlnsmnta-camntl andlrcjkl hlndlrcm j bl mstjobmhakl mn bj Bmy;:/?99?, km :; km nlvamcorm, osahj rmùbjklrj km bj ju-

tlnlcj kmb pjhamntm y km kmrmhels y loba`jhalnms mn cj-tmraj km andlrcjhan y klhucmntjhan hbnahj.- Tjrajobms km mstukal.Bj vjrajobm rmsubtjkl l kmpmn-

vmby. Nl sa`nadahjnt kaddmrmnhms wmrm lotjanmk omtwmmn?99: jnk ?9:8 an tem prmvjbmnhm ld lomsaty (:0.?% jnk:0.5%), eypmrtmnsaln (:4.8% jnk :0.5%), eypmrhelbms-tmrlbmcaj (81.:% jnk 85.1% ) m eapmrtra`bahmramcaj(:?.?% jnk 5.1%)6 out an sclfan` (8?.5% jnk ?;.;%).Hlnhbusalns 7 [em prmvjbmnhm ld CX as sacabjr tl tejtdlunk an Murlpmjn plpubjtaln. At eaèbaètmk j kmhbanm anslcm tlxah ejoats suhe js sclfan`, eaè-clkmrjtm jbhlelbhlnsucptaln jnk blw peysahjb jhtavaty. [em prmvjbmnhm ld hjrkalvjshubjr rasf djhtlrs jrm blwmr tejn telsm ld tem m-nmrjb Xpjnase plpubjtaln.

Fmywlrks 7 Cmtjolbah synkrlcm, lhhupjtalnjb emjbte,wlrfan` plpubjtaln, hjrkalvjshubjr rasf.

AntrlkuhhanBj hlcoanjhan km bls trjstlrnls cmtjobahls hlnl-

hakj hlcl snkrlcm cmtjobahl (XC), dum kmshratj plr pracmrj vmz mn :1?9 plr Fyban hlcl bj j`rupjhan km eapmrtmnsan, eapmr buhmcaj y `ltj: . Kls khjkjs cs tjrkm,Tjùm smjb qum mb mxhmsl km jkaplsakjk mn joklcmn smjslhajoj drmhumntmcmntm hln bjs jnlrcjbakjkms cmtjo-bahjs losmrvjkjs hlcl bj kajomtms y bj mndmrcmkjk hjr-kalvjshubjr ?. Kurjntm :155, _mjvmn us mb trcanl"Xnkrlcm U", y mstjobmha bj acplrtjnhaj hbnahj km stm,junqum nl anhbuymrj bj lomsakjk8. Mn :151, Fjpbjn yltrls, rmnlcorjrln j mstm snkrlcm y sm jhu bj kmnl-canjhan km Xnkrlcm km rmsastmnhaj j bj ansubanj;,=.Mn bj jhtujbakjk sm ej jhmptjkl, km dlrcj unnacm, bj km-nlcanjhan km Xnkrlcm Cmtjobahl.

Bj Lr`jnazjhan Cunkajb km bj Xjbuk (LCX) kmdanmmb XC hlcl un hlnguntl km djhtlrms km rams`l hjrkalvjs-hubjr rmprmsmntjkl plr lomsakjk hmntrjb, kasbapakmcajs,jnlrcjbakjkms mn mb cmtjolbascl km bj `buhlsj m eapmr-tmnsan jrtmrajb (E[J), mstrmhejcmntm jslhajkl j bj rmsas-tmnhaj j bj ansubanj, Kajomtms Cmbbatus tapl ? (KCAA) ymndmrcmkjkms hjrkalvjshubjrms (MHT)4.

Jhtujbcmntm, mb XC ms unl km bls pranhapjbms prlobm-cjs km sjbuk pobahj kmb sa`bl UUA, kmoakl j qum anhrm-cmntj = vmhms mb rams`l km jpjrahan km KCAA y 8 vmhmsmb km MHT0,5. Bj clroabakjk y bj clrtjbakjk prmcjturjskmoakjs j bj MHT y bj kajomtms plkrjn kmsmquabaorjr bj pbjnadahjhan sjnatjraj km cuhels pjsms kmsjrrlbbjkls lmn vjs km kmsjrrlbbl.

Yjrj kmdanar mb XC kmomn j`rupjrsm kmtmrcanjkls djh-tlrms km rams`l qum prlpmnkmn jb kmsjrrlbbl km hlcpbahj-

halnms hjrkalvjshubjrms, y qum rmhlnlhmn hlcl nmxl pjtl`nahl bj prmsmnhaj km ansubanlrrmsastmnhaj/eapmransu-banascl.


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kamntm dum prmsmntjr l nl XC plr bj `uj km kmdanahan NHMY-J[YAAA (Da`urj :). Bjs vjrajobms mxpbahjta pmnkamntms ejn sakl7 km pmrslnj (mkjk, smxl, dlrcjhan jhjkcahj, hlnsucl km jbhlelb y navmb km jhtavakjk djntrlplctrahjs (ACH, AHH, AH[, plrhmntjgm km pmsl rjsl kmtmrcanjkl sm`n mb ctlkl km Kmurmnomr` y tmnstmrajb), y danjbcmntm, vjrajobms jnjbtahjs (`buhmcaj, hlbmstmrlb EKB, tra`bahrakls, y hakl rahl).- Tjrajobms mxpbahjtavjs. Bj tjobj : rmhl`m mb tltjb km vjrajobms (km pmrslnj, jntrlplctrahjs y jnjbtahjs) anhbuamb mstukal.


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- Jnbasas mstjkstahl.Xm ejn utabazjkl bls pjqumtms mstj-kstahls-mpakmcalbàhls @-X[J[ (vmrsan ?.9) y MYA-KJ[(vmrsan ;.9). Bjs vjrajobms hujntatjtavjs sm ejn prmsmntjkl hln cmkaj, kmsvajhan mstnkjr, y rjn`l (c-xacl y cnacl)6 camntrjs qum bjs vjrajobms hujbatjtavjssm ejn mxprmsjkl hlcl drmhumnhajs joslbutjs y plrhmntjgms. Yjrj hlntrjstjr bj olnkjk km jgustm j unj kastraouhannlrcjb km bls kjtls prlvmnamntms km vjrajobms hujntatjta-vjs hlntanujs l kashrmtjs, sm ej mcpbmjkl bj prumoj kmFlbcl`lrlv-Xcarnlv sa N>=9, l bj prumoj km Xejparl-Pabf sa N2=9, sm`n mst ankahjkl.

Bj kadmrmnhaj km cmkajs sm jnjbaz j trjvs km bj prumoj t km Xtukmnt l Jnlvj (? l cs cmkajs, sm`n ms-tuvamsm ankahjkl). Bj elclhmkjstahakjk sm hlcprlo jtrjvs km bj prumoj km Ojrtbmtt. Danjbcmntm, bj hlcpjrj-han km plrhmntjgms sm rmjbaz cmkajntm mb tmst hea-huj-krjkl, jpbahjnkl mb tmst mxjhtl km Dasemr, hujnkl jb cmnlsmb ?9% km bjs drmhumnhajs mspmrjkjs smj andmralr j =.

Mb navmb km sa`nadahjhan mstjkstahj sm ej dagjkl mntlkls bls hlntrjstms pjrj un mrrlr jbdj andmralr jb =%, y blsantmrvjbls km hlndajnzj hjbhubjkls hln unj smùrakjk kmb1=%.

_msubtjkls

Mstukal km prmvjbmnhaj mn ?99:Bj mkjk cmkaj km bj cumstrj dum km ;8,? (5,;) jls

hln un AH 1=% (;?,8 - ;;,:) jls y rjn`l km ?4 40 jls.Mb 41,:% km bls 8?9 trjojgjklrms mrjn elcorms. Mn hujntljb rmstl km vjrajobms km pmrslnj, mb 88,5% plsmjn mstukalsunavmrsatjrals, mb 8?,5% mrjn ducjklrms, mb ?4,4% anka-hjrln tmnmr un hlnsucl km jbhlelb clkmrjkl-jbtl, y mb8;,;% rmjbazjojn unj jhtavakjk dsahj smkmntjraj-cuy ba-`mrj.

Bj tjobj : rmhl`m bjs hjrjhtmrstahjs km bj cumstrj kmb

mstukal anahajb sjbvl pjrj bjs vjrajobms anhbuakjs hlclhlcplnmntms km XC (@buhmcaj, YH, Hlbmstmrlb EKB, [ra-`bahrakls y [J).

Ylr bl qum rmspmhtj j bjs vjrajobms jntrlplctrahjs, mb84,4% km bj cumstrj prmsmnt nlrclpmsl, bj prmvjbmnhajkm lomsakjk dum kmb :0,?% y km eapmrtmnsan jrtmrajb kmb:4,8%.

Danjbcmntm, mn rmbjhan j bjs vjrajobms jnjbtahjs, bjs prmvjbmnhajs dumrln7 KC tapl ? (0,=%), eapmrhlbmstmrlbm-caj (81,:%), ojgl hlbmstmrlb EKB (:9%), eapmrtra`bahm-ramcaj (:?,?%), m eapmrurahmcaj (:9%).

]n tltjb km =? trjojgjklrms (;5 elcorms y ; cugmrms) prmsmntjrln XC, lotmnamnkl unj prmvjbmnhaj `blojb kmb:4,8% (:?,;% - ?9,5%) AH (1=%).

Ylr smxls, bj prmvjbmnhaj mn elcorms dum kmb ?:,0% y km;% mn cugmrms (p29,9=). Bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC mn trjojgjklrms hln mstukals pracjrals dum kmb 8=,=% (p29,999:),mn ducjklrms kmb :5,:% (p29,9:), y mn trjojgjklrms hlncmnlr `rjkl km jhtavakjk dsahj kmb ?:,5% (p29,9=).

Mn hujntl j bjs vjrajobms jntrlplctrahjs, mn mb ruplkm trjojgjklrms hln XC, bjs cmkajs dumrln ACH (8:F`/c?), AH[ (9,4), AHH (9,10), y %Y@ (88,=%), cls-trjnkl kadmrmnhajs sa`nadahjtavjs hln rmspmhtl jb rupl sanXC.

Mstukal km prmvjbmnhaj mn ?9:8Mn mstm smùnkl mstukal, bj mkjk cmkaj km bj cumstrj

dum km ;0 (5,0) jls hln un AH (1=%) km ;4,: - ;5 jls, yun rjn`l km ?8 4= jls.

Km bls 8:4 trjojgjklrms mstukajkls, mb 44,5% mrjnelcorms, mb 85,1% plsmjn unj dlrcjhan unavmrsatjraj,00 sugmtls ducjojn (?;,;%), mb ?:,?% hlnsucjn jbhlelbkm dlrcj clkmrjkj-jbtj, y 54 trjojgjklrms (?0,=%) rmjba-zjojn un navmb km jhtavakjk dsahj smkmntjraj/cuy ba`mrj.Bj tjobj ? rmhl`m bjs hjrjhtmrstahjs km bj cumstrj kmb ms-tukal danjb sjbvl pjrj bjs vjrajobms anhbuakjs hlcl hlc- plnmntms km XC (@buhmcaj, YH, Hlbmstmrlb EKB[ra`bahrakls y [J).

Bj prmvjbmnhaj km lomsakjk dum kmb :0,5% y km eapmtmnsan jrtmrajb kmb :4,:%.Danjbcmntm, mn rmbjhan j bjs vjrajobms jnjbtahjs, bj

prmvjbmnhajs dumrln7 KC tapl ? (=,:%), eapmrhlbmstmrlbmcaj (85,1%), ojgl hlbmstmrlb EKB (:8%), eapmrtra`bahm-ramcaj (5,1%), m eapmrurahmcaj (::,;%).

]n tltjb km ;8 trjojgjklrms (84 elcorms y 0 cugmrms) prmsmntjrln XC, lotmnamnkl unj prmvjbmnhaj `blojb kmb:8,4% (:9 :0,1%) AH (1=%). Ylr smxls, bj prmvjbmnhajmn elcorms dum kmb :0,:% y kmb 4,0% mn cugmrms(p29,9=). Bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC mn trjojgjklrms hln ms-

tukals pracjrals dum kmb ?0,8% (p29,999:), mn ducjklrmskmb :;,8% (p29,9:), y mn trjojgjklrms hln cmnlr `rjklkm jhtavakjk dsahj kmb :5,4% (p39,:?).

Mn hujntl j bjs vjrajobms jntrlplctrahjs, mn mb ruplkm trjojgjklrms hln XC, bjs cmkajs dumrln ACH (8?,?F`/c?), AH[ (9,4:), AHH (9,14), y %Y@ (84,4%), cls-trjnkl kadmrmnhajs sa`nadahjtavjs hln rmspmhtl jb rupl sanXC. [mnkmnhaj kurjntm mb pmralkl ?99:-?9:8

Bj tjobj 8 cumstrj bj hlcpjrjhan km bjs plobjhalnmskm mstukal mn hujntl j vjrajobms km mstrjtadahjhan (mkjy smxl) y vjrajobms ankmpmnkamntms cs rmbmvjntms. mkjk cmkaj kadamrm sa`nadahjtavjcmntm, js hlcl bjs kadmrmnhajs mn bj prmvjbmnhaj km ducjklrms.


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KashusanXm ej mstukajkl bj mvlbuhan km XC mn bj plobjhan

trjojgjklrj kmb Jyuntjcamntl km Hrkloj mn mb pmralkl?99:-?9:8.

Bj hlcpjrjhan km bls rmsubtjkls lotmnakls hln ltrlsmstukals sacabjrms, kmom hlnsakmrjr bj mstruhturj km bjs plobjhalnms bjolrjbms hlcpjrjkjs, slorm tlkl, mn hujntl jbjs vjrajobms mkjk y smxl. Hlcl sm ej mvakmnhajkl mn mstjanvmsta`jhan, bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC mst mn dunhan km bjmkjk cmkaj km bj plobjhan (cjylr prmvjbmnhaj km XC jcmkakj qum jucmntj bj mkjk), js hlcl km bj hlcplsahan plr smxls (cjylr prmvjbmnhaj mn elcorms).J hlntanujhan sm hatjn bls rmsubtjkls km vjrals mstukalsslorm prmvjbmnhaj km XC mn plobjhan bjolrjb7 Mb rmàstrl CMXQJX1 mn ?998, rmjbazj un mstukal mn Tj-bmnhaj slorm 0.?=4 trjojgjklrms km kls mcprmsjs (Mb HlrtmAn`bs y Dlrk), hln mkjk cmkaj km ;=,; jls y un 5?,;%km elcorms. Bj prmvjbmnhaj rmplrtjkj dum kmb :9,?%. Bmn Bjtrm:9 cumstrj unj prmvjbmnhaj kmb :?%, mn unjcumstrj km :5.00; trjojgjklrms jkshratls j bj cutuj D_M-CJY pjrj bj rmjbazjhan km mxcmnms km sjbuk bjolrjb,hln unj mkjk cmkaj km ;9,4 jls y un plrhmntjgm km elcorms kmb 00,4%. Nzjrj Ltmrl:: , mn unj cumstrj km ?5? trjojgjklrms kmunj ankustraj km Ylntmvmkrj, hln mkjk cmkaj km =9,= jlsy un 19,5% km elcorms, lotamnm unj prmvjbmnhaj kmb:?,:%. Mb prlymhtl AHJ_J (Aomrcutujcur Hjrkalvjshubjr _asf Jssmsscmnt):? mn unj cumstrj km ?=1.9:; trjojgjklrms(0?,1% elcorms) y mkjk cmkaj km 84,; jls, lotuvl unj prmvjbmnhaj kmb 1,=%. Mn hujntl j plobjhan murlpmj trjojgjklrj, mb mstukalkm Ojssma y hlbs:8 , cumstrjn unj prmvjbmnhaj kmb :?,5%mn trjojgjklrms km un elspatjb unavmrsatjral plrtuùs.[jcoan mn Ylrtu`jb, mb mstukal km Dmbapm-km-Cmbl y

hlbs:;

, slorm :.850 trjojgjklrms jkcanastrjtavls km unj d- orahj pmtrlbmrj, rmplrtj unj prmvjbmnhaj km XC kmb :=%.Mn hujntl j bj hlcpjrjhan kmb rmstl km djhtlrms km

rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr mntrm numstrj plobjhan bjolrjb mn?9:8 y bj plobjhan mspjlbj hln mkjk! ?9 jls (mstukalM_AHM):=, kmstjhjcls qum, bj plobjhan mspjlbj prm-smntj prmvjbmnhajs cjylrms qum bj numstrj mn kasbapakmcaj(eapmrhlbmstmrlbmcaj) (;4,0%), Eapmrtmnsan Jrtmrajb(80,4%), lomsakjk (??,5%) y kajomtms (4,?%). Mn hujntlj tjojquascl, bjs prmvjbmnhajs sln sacabjrms (8?,5%).J clkl km hlnhbusalnms, sm pumkm ankahjr7 Bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC mn bj plobjhan trjojgjklrj kmbJyuntjcamntl km Hrkloj ms sacabjr, y mn jbùnls hjslsba`mrjcmntm supmralr, j bj ejbbjkj mn ltrjs plobjhalnms bjolrjbms mspjlbjs y murlpmjs.

Mn mb pmralkl km mstukal bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC ej kmhmnkakl kmb :4,8% jb :8,4%, j pmsjr km qum bj mkjk cmkajkm bj cumstrj mn ?9:8 mrj cjylr qum mn ?99:. Bj prmvjbmnhaj km bls pranhapjbms djhtlrms km rams`l hjkalvjshubjr ms andmralr j bj km bj plobjhan Mspjlbj. Xm mvakmnhaj unj cmglrj km bls eoatls sjbukjobms, hlclmb kmshmnsl mn bj tjsj km tjojquascl (kmb ?4,4% jb?:,?%), mn mb smkmntjrascl-jhtavakjk dsahj cuy ba`mrj(kmb 8;,;% jb ?0,=%), km bj Kajomtms tapl ? (kmb 0,=% jb=,:%). Mn mb jnbasas nl jgustjkl, sm ej lotmnakl unj hbjrj rm-bjhan mntrm bjs vjrajobms jntrlplctrahjs (AH[ m AHH) ybjs vjrajobms jnjbtahjs (hakl rahl) y bj prmsmnhaj km XC

Bacatjhalnms kmb mstukalYracmrl, sm ejn anhbuakl mn bj cumstrj km mstukal sbl

jqumbbls trjojgjklrms qum ejn jhukakl vlbuntjrajcmntm jbls mxcmnms km sjbuk bjolrjb rmjbazjkls mn bj mcprmsj,hln bl hujb, nl sm kmom kmshjrtjr mb sms`l km smbmhhanbj cumstrj.

Xmùnkl, bls jntmhmkmntms djrcjhlbàhls km bls pjr-tahapjntms nl mstjojn jhtujbazjkls l rmhlàkls mn mb tltjbkm bj cumstrj, plr bl hujb, ms plsaobm qum jb`n trjojgjklr

pukamrj mstjr mn trjtjcamntl hln drcjhls pjrj kasbapakm-cajs, jntaeapmrtmnsavls, mth., y mstl plkrj suomstacjr bj prmvjbmnhaj km XC.

Q tmrhmrl, nl sm ejn mxhbuakl kmb mstukal bls trjojgj-klrms hln mndmrcmkjk andbjcjtlraj hrnahj, hlcl prlhm-sls jutlancunms, qum pumkmn andbuar slorm bj tjsjbmuhlhatjraj.

Oaobal`rjdj

:. Fyban M. Wmntrjbobjtt Dumr Annmrm Cmk :1?86 ;;7 :9=

:?0.?. Tjùm G. Yrmssm Cmkb :1;06 =87 8818;9.

8. _mjvmn @C. Kajomtms :1556 807 :=1=:490.

;. Fjpbjn NC. Jrhe Antmrn Cmk :1516 :;17 :=:;:=?9.

=. Ejddnmr XC, mt jb. Kajomtms :11?6 ;:7 0:=??.

4. Plrbk Emjbte Lr`jnazjtaln. Kmdanataln, Kaj`nlsas jnkHbjssadahjtaln ld Kajomtms Cmbbatus jnk ats Hlcpbahjtalns._mplrt ld j PEL hlnsubtjtaln. @mnmvj7 Plrbk Emjbte Lr-`jnazjtaln :111.


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0. Waccmt Y, Jbomrta F@, Xejw G. @blojb jnk slhamtjb ac- pbahjtalns ld tem kajomtms mpakmcah. Njturm.?99:6;:;705?-0.

5. Jbomrta F@, Waccmt Y, Xejw G. Cmtjolbah synkrlcm jnmw wlrbk-wakm kmdanataln. J Hlnsmnsus Xtjtmcmnt drlctem Antmrnjtalnjb Kajomtms Dmkmrjtaln. Kajomt Cmk. ?9946?87;41-;59

1. Jbm`rj M, Hlrkmrl J, Bjhbjustrj C mt jb. Yrmvjbmnhajkmb snkrlcm cmtjobahl mn plobjhan bjolrjb mspjlbj7rmàstrl CMXQJX. _mv Msp Hjrkalb. ?99=6=5(0)7010-594

:9. Bmn C. Xnkrlcm cmtjobahl mn unj cumstrj km plobjhan bjolrjb mspjlbj. Jnbasas trjnsvmrsjb km prmvj-bmnhaj, dlrcj km prmsmntjhan y rmbjhan hln bj hjrkalpjtjasqucahj.V[msas klhtlrjbS. ]navmrsakjk km Wjrj`lzj.?99=.

::.Nzjrj Ltmrl, H. Yrmvjbmnhaj kmb Xnkrlcm Cmtjobahly mstrjtadahjhan kmb rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr mn unj plobj-han bjolrjb ankustrajb. Hjk Jtmn Yracjraj ?9:96 :07 :;?-

:;8

:?. Xnhemz-Hejpjrrl CJ, Hjbvl-Olnjhel M, @lnzbmz-Zuantmbj J, mt. jb. @rupl km Mstukal AHJ_AJ. Lhhupj-taln-rmbjtmk kaddmrmnhms an tem prmvjbmnhm ld cmtjsynkrlcm. Kajomtms Hjrm XMY ?995

:8. Ojsma HM., Jvjnhana Y_., Cjndlaj PH. Cmtjolbahsynkrlcm an wlrfmrs an j unavmrsaty elspatjb. _mv YlrtHjrkalb. ?9:?6 8:(:9)74?1-484

:;. [lrrms Dmbapm-km-Cmbl M_., kj Xabvj _H., Jssas JC,Yantl MG. Djtlrms jsslhajkls snkrlcm cmtjobahj mctrjojbejklrms jkcanastrjtavls km ucj ankstraj km pmtr-bml. Hanhaj & Xjkm Hlbmtavj. ?9::6 :4(5)78;;8-8;=?.

:=. @joramb _, Jblnsl C, Xmùrj J, mt. jb. Yrmvjbmnhaj,kastraouhan y vjrajoabakjk `ml`rdahj km bls pranhapjbmdjhtlrms km rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr mn Mspjj. Jnbasasj`rupjkl km kjtls ankavakujbms km mstukals mpakmcalb-àhls plobjhalnjbms7 mstukal M_AHM _mv Msp Hjrkalb?9956 4:(:9)789-;9


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Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 1=-:99@jrhj @jrhj, GJJnbasas km bjs jsastmnhajs km Mndmrcmrj mn bj rmpjrjhan y trjnsdlrcjhan km un hruhmrl

1=

:8

Jrthubl lraànjb

Jnbasas km bjs jsastmnhajs kmmndmrcmrj mn bj rmpjrjhan ytrjnsdlrcjhan km un hruhmrl

Jutlrms

@jrhj @jrhj, GJMndmrcmrl kmb [rjojgl

Njvjntaj Jstabbmrl km Yumrtl _mjb

[rjzjoabakjk mkatlrajb_mhmphan7 :0-:?-?9:8

_mvasan plr pjrms7 9:-9?-?9:;Jhmptjhan danjb7 ?9-9=-?9:;

Hlrrmsplnkmnhaj Gujn Jntlnal @jrhj @jrhj

gj`jrhajÌnjvjntaj.ms,heahl:10:I`cjab.hlc

_MX]CMN

Antrlkuhhan 7 ]nl km bls cltavls qum cjrhj bj Bmy pjrjrmjbazjr unj mvjbujhan km bj pbjnadahjhan prmvmntavj msbj rmjbazjhan, tjntl plr pjrtm km bls trjojgjklrms hlcl plr pjrtm km bj lr jnazjhan km bj mcprmsj, km trjojgls ka-dmrmntms j bls qum sm rmjbazjn ejoatujbcmntm. Bj pbjnada-hjhan prmvmntavj km bj hlnstruhhan km un ouqum y mb hjslkm unj rmpjrjhan tjn mspmhdahj hlcl bj kmb ouqum Kas-nmy Cjàh, mn mb jstabbmrl km Njvjntaj km Yumrtl _mjb, slncuy kadmrmntms. ]nl km bls rmhursls pjrj vjblrjr bj mdmh-tavakjk km kahej pbjnadahjhan ms mb jnbasas km bjs jsastmn-hajs km ur`mnhajs mn mb smrvahal km sjbuk bjolrjb.Cjtmrajb y ctlkls 7 Mstukal kmshraptavl klnkm sm rm-jbaz un rmàstrl hlkadahjkl km bjs jsastmnhajs km ur`mn-hajs. Xm mstjobmhamrln unls rmhursls eucjnls jhlrkms hlnbj hjntakjk km trjojgjklrms mn mb jstabbmrl pjrj hjkj turnlkm trjojgl y sm klt jb smrvahal km sjbuk bjolrjb kmb cjtm-rajb nmhmsjral pjrj jdrlntjr hujbquamr tapl km ur`mnhaj sj-natjraj (antlxahjhalnms, jhhakmntms lhubjrms, trjucjtascls,drjhturjs, emrakjs, mth.)._msubtjkls 7 Xm losmrv un prmklcanal km bls jhhakmntmslhubjrms, prlpals km prldmsalnms hlcl slbkjklrms, emrrm-rls y ltrls prldmsalnjbms kmb cmtjb y ltrls kjtls qum anka-hjn jspmhtls j tmnmr mn humntj pjrj prxacjs rmpjrjhalnmskm mstm tapl, hlcl sln mb jucmntl km bjs jsastmnhajs j cm-kakj qum mb pbjzl km mntrm`j sm jhmrhjoj l bj nmhmsakjk kmun ckahl km jplyl km ur`mnhajs mn turnl km tjrkm jntm

bj kmcjnkj km jsastmnhajs qum euol. Xm losmrvjrln tjcoan prlobmcjs km hlcunahjhan kmoakl j bj hjntakjk kmkadmrmntms njhalnjbakjkms qum sm hlnhmntrjrln trjojgjnkl,

js hlcl mb kmshlnlhacamntl km an`bs plr pjrtm km bj cj-ylrj km bls trjojgjklrms mxtrjngmrls (ob`jrls, en`jrls,atjbajnls, tjabjnkmsms, rucjnls.), js hlcl kmb mspjlb.Hlnhbusalnms 7 Xm prlplnm unj smram km cmkakjs pjrj bjlptacazjhan km bjs jsastmnhajs km ur`mnhajs mn numstrlsmrvahal km sjbuk bjolrjb mn mstjs harhunstjnhajs y ltrjscmglrjs osahjs hlcl bj cjylr prmsmnhaj km antrprmtmsl jb cmnls pbjntabbjs pjrj plkmr mntmnkmr cs dhabcmntmj bls trjojgjklrms jhhakmntjkls y js rmjbazjr unjs ptacjsjsastmnhajs km mndmrcmrj.Yjbjorjs hbjvm7 Hlnstruhhan njvjb, rmpjrjhan njvjb,jsastmnhajs km mndmrcmrj, hllrkanjhan prmvmntavj, jhhakmntm lhubjr.

Jnjbysas ld nursan` jssatjnhm an rmpjaran` tem Kas-nmy Cjàn Hruasm

JOX[_JH[

Ojhf`rlunk7 Lnm ld tem rmjslns tejt cjfms tem Jht tlhlnkuht jn jssmsscmnt ld prm-pbjnnan` as tem rmjbazjtaln,ln tem pjrt ld wlrfmrs js pjrt ld tem lr`jnazjtaln ld temhlcpjny, kaddmrmnt glos tejt jrm usujbby pmrdlrcmk. Yrm-vmntavm pbjnnan` jnk hlnstruhtaln ld j vmssmb dlr spmhadarmbamd suhe js tem Kasnmy Cjàh seap an Yumrtl _mjb seapyjrk Njvjntaj jrm vmry kaddmrmnt. Lnm ld tem rmslurhms tjssmss tem mddmhtavmnmss ld teas pbjnnan` as tem jnjbysamcmr`mnhy jssastjnhm an tem lhhupjtalnjb emjbte smrvahmCjtmrajb jnk cmtelks 7 J kmshraptavm stuky wate j hl-


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kmk rmhlrk ld suhe trmjtcmnt wjs pmrdlrcmk jbln` temkjys ld wlrf. [eas rmhlrk ejs sanhm ommn tjoubjtmk jnkstukamk.E_ helrks wmrm mstjobasemk wate tem nucomrs ld wlrfmrs an tem seapyjrk dlr mjhe wlrf seadt jnk `jvm tememjbte smrvahm wlrf nmhmssjry tl kmjb jny mcmr`mnhy em-jbte (plaslnan`, mym jhhakmnts, trjucj, drjhturms, wlunks,mth.)_msubts7 Jdtmr dasean` tem wlrf, jnk jdtmr stukyn` tem kjtjankahjtan` jspmhts tl om tjfmn antl jhhlunt dlr duturm rm- pjars ld teas typm, suhe js anhrmjsmk jssastjnhm js tem km-jkbanm wjs jpprljhean` jnk tem nmmk tl supplrt j cmkahjb

mcmr`mnhy an tem jdtmrnlln seadt tl tem kmcjnk dlr jssas-tjnhm tejt wjs. Hlccunahjtaln prlobmcs wmrm jbsl lo-smrvmk kum tl tem nucomr ld kaddmrmnt njtalnjbatamshlnhmntrjtmk wlrfan` ld temsm kjys an tem seapyjrk, jnktem bjhf ld Mn`base oy clst dlrman` wlrfmrs (Oub`jrajn,Eun`jrajn, Atjbajn, [eja, _lcjnajn) js wmbb js Xpjnase.Hlnhbusalns 7 An hlnhbusaln wm prlplsm j smrams ld cm-jsurms dlr tem lptacazjtaln ld mcmr`mnhy cmkahjb jssas-tjnhm tl lur lhhupjtalnjb emjbte smrvahm an temsmharhucstjnhms jnk ltemr ojsah acprlvmcmnts suhe js an-hrmjsmk prmsmnhm ld antmrprmtmrs lr jt bmjst tmcpbjtms tlclrm mjsaby unkmrstjnk angurmk wlrfmrs jnk teus cjfmlptacjb nursan` jssastjnhm.Fmywlrks7 Xeapouabkan`, njvjb rmpjar, nursan` jsstjnsm, prmvmntavm hllrkanjtaln, lhubjr jhhakmnt.

Antrlkuhhan Njvjntaj ms unj mcprmsj pobahj mspjlbj pmrtmnm-

hamntm j bj Xlhamkjk Mstjtjb km Yjrtahapjhalnms Ankustrajbms(XMYA) qum hlntrlbj mb :99% km su hjpatjb: . Ms unj mcprmsj kmkahjkj j bj ankustraj km hlnstruhhan njvjb ms-tjnkl hlcpumstj plr hanhl jstabbmrls y kls dorahjs kmsastmcjs y cltlrms blhjbazjkls `ml`rdahjcmntm mn _jkm Dmrrlb, Hjrtj`mnj, Ojej km Hkaz y hln bls XmrvahalsHmntrjbms uoahjkls mn Cjkrak.

Bj jhtavakjk j bj qum nls vjcls j rmdmrar mn mstm jn-basas sm hmntrj mn mb Jstabbmrl km Yumrtl _mjb, mn bj Yrlvan-haj km Hkaz. Mb pranhapjb antmrs km mstj mxplsahan kmkjtls ms qum jb smr un jstabbmrl mspmhajbazjkl mn bj hlns-truhhan njvjb, ms mxhmphalnjb qum sm rmjbahmn trjojgls kmrmpjrjhalnms y/l trjnsdlrcjhalnms km ouqums. Jcojs jh-tavakjkms tamnmn unjs hjrjhtmrstahjs cuy kadmrmntms mnhujntl j lr`jnazjhan y pbjnadahjhan prmvmntavj.Mb rmj sjnatjraj kmb Xmrvahal km Xjbuk Bjolrjb, jkmcskm bjs dunhalnms km vaàbjnhaj km bj sjbuk, jsastmnhaj kmur`mnhajs, hlntrlb km bjs anhjpjhakjkms tmcplrjbms prldm-

salnjbms (plr smr mcprmsj jutljsmùrjklrj), tamnm unj acplrtjntm dunhan prmvmntavj, yj qum sm hlcplrtj hlclunl km bls pranhapjbms anstrucmntls km bj mcprmsj pjrjcmkar bj mdmhtavakjk km bj pbjnadahjhan km bj prmvmn

Jb smr bj hlnstruhhan njvjb unj jhtavakjk mnhujkrjkjmn mb jnmxl A kmb _m`bjcmntl km bls Xmrvahals km Yrmhan?, bj jhhakmntjoabakjk km kahejs mcprmsjs y bj mxa`mnhaj j navmb prmvmntavl prmhasjn un jnbasas pmrcjnmntm bj sanamstrjbakjk, slorm tlkl hujnkl bjs hlnkahalnms km trjojgl vjrjn, hlcl ms mb hjsl.

Mb rmj sjnatjraj kmb Xmrvahal km Yrmvmnhan kmb nu

mcprmsj, jsucm bj dunhan km hlntrlb plr cmkal kmb jn-basas km bjs jsastmnhajs qum sm rmjbazjn plr pjrtm kmb pmnjb km Mndmrcmrj mn mb rmj km ur`mnhajs pjrj mvjbujrmdmhtavakjk km bj pbjnadahjhan prmvmntavj8, ldrmhamnkl an-dlrcjhan km rmbamvm slorm bls jspmhtls mn bls qum sm ktmhtmn plsaobms djbbls.Ms nmhmsjraj, jntm bj clkadahjhan km jhtavakjkms mn bqum jbùnls trjojgjklrms rmjbazjrn dunhalnms qum nl slnbjs ejoatujbms mn su pumstl km trjojgl, bj vjblrjhan km bj prmsmnhaj km jhhakmntms km trjojgl kmoakls j msj numvj tujhan; .

Cjtmrajb y ctlklsBj kurjhan km bj lorj ms km 89 kjs mn tltjb, kmskm mb

kj 1 km Xmptamcorm jb 5 km Lhtuorm km ?9:8. Kurjntmmstls kjs bj cmtmlrlbl`j rmspmt mb trjojgl nl rmàstrn-klsm nan`n kj bbuvalsl qum pukamrj hlnkahalnjr bj sm-ùrakjk.

Kurjntm mstm tamcpl rmàstrjcls bjs hjrjhtmrstahjs kmbjs kadmrmntms jsastmnhajs pjrj plstmralrcmntm rmjbazjr umstukal losmrvjhalnjb/kmshraptavl km bjs anhakmnhajs rmàstrjkjs.

Ms acplrtjntm kadmrmnhajr mntrm jsastmnhajs y jhhakmtms km trjojgl, yj qum jbùnjs km mstjs jsastmnhajs dumrln plr mndmrcmkjk hlcn y jbùnls km bls jhhakmntms, jb smr rmsumbtls plr mb smrvahal km sjbuk kmb ouqum, nl pjsjrln plr numstrjs anstjbjhalnms.

]n jspmhtl acplrtjntm j tmnmr mn humntj mn bjs rmpj-rjhalnms, qum bjs kadmrmnhaj km bjs hlnstruhhalnms, ms qstjs sm ejhmn j dmhej hmrrjkj, l bl qum ms bl cascl7 bjlorj tamnm nmhmsjrajcmntm qum mstjr tmrcanjkj mn 89 kj pumstl qum mstm tapl km ouqums tamnmn hlntrjtjkls bls saùamntms vajgms y tamnmn dmhejs km sjbakj y dbmtm (pqum sm pj`j plr mb jbquabmr km un ojrhl l plr bj hjr`j j

trjnsplrtjr, mn mstm hjsl pmrslnjs). Mstl jjkm unj acplr-tjntm klsas km prmsan y mstrs.Xm mstacjoj qum trjojgjrjn mn bj lorj un tltjb km 889

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 1=-:99@jrhj @jrhj, GJ

Jnbasas km bjs jsastmnhajs km Mndmrcmrj mn bj rmpjrjhan y trjnsdlrcjhan km un hruh


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trjojgjklrms prlpals mn turnls km 5 elrjs.Mn hujntl jb pmrslnjb km ankustraj juxabajr bj mstacj-

han mrj km ?.:99 trjojgjklrms mn kls turnls km :? elrjskajrajs.

J mstls ejy qum sucjr 099 camcorls km bj trapubjhankmb ouqum jprlxacjkjcmntm, qum pmrnlhtjrjn mn un ojrhl-eltmb jtrjhjkl mn bjs cascjs krsmnjs kmb jstabbmrly qum mn sus rmspmhtavls turnls km trjojgl mstjrjn kmjc- oubjnkl plr mb ouqum y plr bjs anstjbjhalnms km bj mcprmsj.

Mstl ejhm un tltjb km 8.899 trjojgjklrms rmpjrtakls mn15 mcprmsjs km kadmrmntms njhalnjbakjkms. Xm hlnhmntrj-rln mn mb jstabbmrl trjojgjklrms km ejstj ;? pjsms kastantls.

Mb ouqum Kasnmy Cjàh, nl js mb ojrhl-eltmb, hlntjojhln un smrvahal sjnatjral hlcpumstl plr un ckahl y unjmndmrcmrj qum jtmnkjn bjs bmsalnms cs bmvms kmravjnklejhaj numstrl smrvahal km ur`mnhajs mb rmstl km bjs jsastmn-hajs qum hlnsakmrjojn qum prmhasjojn unj jtmnhan csmspmhajbazjkj, hln bl qum kmkuhacls qum numstrjs jsastmn-hajs nl sln, rmjbcmntm, tlkjs bjs qum sm prlkugmrln.

Bj lorj km rmpjrjhan kmb ouqum Kasnmy Cjàh anhbuj

(Daùrj :)7- Hjcoal y rmnlvjhan km bj ejoabatjhan kmb ouqum6 cl- oabajral, sumbls, mbmhtrlklcstahls, kmhlrjhan- _mdlrcj km bj plpj kmb ouqum hln bj hlnstruhhan kmunj hlbj km pjtl qum jucmntjr bj mstjoabakjk kmbcascl, js hlcl prlplrhalnjr cjylr vmblhakjk.- Helrrmjkl y panturj kmb ouqum.

Daùrj :. Ouqum Kasnmy Cjàh

Bls rmhursls eucjnls hln bls qum hlntojcls mn numstrjrmj sjnatjraj dumrln7

- ? ckahls kmb trjojgl mn turnl km cjjnj.- : trjucjtbl`l cmkaj glrnjkj kmskm bjs :: km bj cj-jnj.- : ldtjbcbl`l : elrj, km ::,99 e j :?,99 e ( mn mb rmstlkm bls hjsls bjs ur`mnhajs ldtjbclbàhjs bjs jtamnkmn blsmndmrcmrls kmb trjojgl).- : mndmrcmrl kmb trjojgl km ùjrkaj ?; elrjs.- : ckahl `mnmrjb mn turnl km tjrkm.- : hlnkuhtlr km jcoubjnhaj mn turnls km cjjnj, tjrkmy nlhem.

Kurjntm mb tamcpl qum kur bj lorj sm suspmnkamrlnbls mxcmnms km sjbuk pjrj plkmr hlnhmntrjr bls rmhurslsj bj jsastmnhaj km plsaobms jhhakmntms.

Bls rmhursls cjtmrajbms dumrln tlkls bls qum hlc- prmnkmn mb rmj sjnatjraj y km vaàbjnhaj km bj sjbuk knumstrl kmpjrtjcmntl km prmvmnhan7 sjbj km hurjs, qua-rdjnl km haru`j cmnlr, _x, Mhl`rjdj, Xjbj km losmrvj-han, MF@, smrvahal km jcoubjnhaj, bcpjrj km emnkakurj

y tlkl mb jpjrjtjgm nmhmsjral pjrj bj vaàbjnhaj km bj sjbuk7tmnsacmtrls, jukacmtrl, msparcmtrl, mth.

Xm klhucmntjrln bjs jsastmnhajs cmkajntm un baorl kmrmàstrls klnkm jpjrmhj km dlrcj hlkadahjkj pjrj sucmglr cjnmgl plstmralr7- N km bj jsastmnhaj.- Elrj km bj jsastmnhaj.- Nlcorm m akmntadahjhan kmb trjojgjklr.- Cltavl km bj jsastmnhaj.- Hjusj kmb jhhakmntm.

- Bu`jr kmb jhhakmntm.- Yjrtm kmb humrpl jdmhtjkj.- Njturjbmzj km bj bmsan.

J tlkjs bjs jsastmnhajs sm bms rmjbaz un pjrtm km jsas-tmnhaj klnkm sm kmtjbbjoj jb trjojgjklr tlkl bl qum sm bmejhj mn hujntl j mxpblrjhan, prumojs hlcpbmcmntjrajs, guahal hbnahl y trjtjcamntl, km tjb cjnmrj qum kaspusamrjkm un klhucmntl j mdmhtls km smùnkjs hlnsubtjs y/l kmnltadahjhan j su mcprmsj.

Hln tlkls bls kjtls lotmnakls, j bl bjr`l km mstm cmskm trjojgl, prlhmkmcls j rmjbazjr unj mstjkstahj kmshrap-tavj y un jnbasas km kahej jhhakmntjoabakjk.



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_msubtjkls_msucmn km bls kjtls7

Euol un tltjb km :89 jsastmnhajs hln prmklcanal km bjs hjusjkjs plr jhhakmntms km trjojgl slorm bjs hjusjkjs plrmndmrcmkjk hlcn.

Mn bj kastraouhan km bjs jsastmnhajs mn dunhan kmb turnl km trjojgl, ms mb turnl km cjjnj mb qum hlncjylr jhtavakjk y tjcoan mb cjylr ncmrl km jsastmnhajs.

Mn hujntl j bj kastraouhan j bl bjr`l km bls 89 kjs km trjojgl, ms mn bj smùnkj quanhmnj km bls cascls hujnsm losmrvj un jucmntl km bjs jsastmnhajs j cmkakj qum sm jhmrhj bj dmhej km mntrm`j ([jobj :).

[jobj :. Kastraouhan km bls jhhakmntms j bl bjr`l kmb tamcpl

Jsastmnhajs plr blhjbazjhan jnjtcahj7 Losmrvjcls un rjn prmklcanal (hjsa un =9%) km bjs jsastmnhajs rmbjhalnjkhln bls lgls (Daùrj ?).

Daùrj ?. Kastraouhan km bjs jsastmnhajs sm`n plr blhjbazjhan jnjtcahj

Jhhakmntms plr hjusjs7 Bj prlymhhan km pjrthubjs sm prmsmntj hlcl bj hjusj cs drmhumntm km jhhakmntm kmn bjs jsastmnhajs rmàstrjkjs (Daùrj 8).

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 1=-:99@jrhj @jrhj, GJ

Jnbasas km bjs jsastmnhajs km Mndmrcmrj mn bj rmpjrjhan y trjnsdlrcjhan km un hruh


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Daùrj 8. Kastraouhan km bls jhhakmntm sm`n hjusjs

Jhhakmntms plr Njturjbmzj7 Bls humrpls mxtrjls hlrnmjbms y bjs mrlsalnms hlrnmjbms sln mb tapl km jhhakmnsu njturjbmzj, cs drmhumntms mn bjs jsastmnhajs rmàstrjkjs (Daùrj ;).

Daùrj ;. Kastraouhan km bls jhhakmntms plr su njturjbmzj

KashusanYjrj bj vjblrjhan km bls kjtls drls mn su gustj cmkakj,

ms nmhmsjral hlnlhmr unj smram km vjrajobms qum ejn hln-kahalnjkl mb trjojgl pukamnkl jdmhtjr j bls kjtls lotmna-kls. Mstjs vjrajobms sln bjs hjrjhtmrstahjs pjrtahubjrms kmbj rmdlrcj km mstm ouqum7- Nls mnhlntrjcls hln 15 mcprmsjs km kadmrmntms pjsms.Xm`n andlrcjhan kmb rmj thnahj nls emcls bbm`jkl jmnhlntrjr hln trjojgjklrms km ;? pjsms kastantls mn mb ouqum sacubtnmjcmntm, bl qum unakl j bj djbtj km antr- prmtms km bjs mcprmsjs y mn cuhels hjsls mb kmshlnlha-camntl kmb an`bs plr pjrtm km bls trjojgjklrms, eahamrlnqum mn cuhejs lhjsalnms bj hlcunahjhan nl dumrj tlklbl oumnj qum euoamrj sakl kmsmjobm.- Bj prmsmnhaj km tjntls trjojgjklrms km kastantls pjsmstrjojgjnkl hlkl hln hlkl cltav qum mb lrkmn y bj lr`j-

nazjhan prmvmntavj km bls trjojgls dumrj cs qum kadhabsamnkl bjs hlnsmhumnhajs mb jucmntl kmb rams`l plr kahejdjbtj km hllrkanjhan.- Bj dmhej km mntrm`j hmrrjkj cltavj qum bbm`jkls j un puntl bj prlkuhhan pracm slorm hujbquamr ltrj hlnsakm-rjhan hln bl qum, j pmsjr km bls msdumrzls km bls thnahlskm Njvjntaj plr cjntmnmr unls mstnkjrms km hjbakjk mnbj prmvmnhan, bjs cmkakjs prmvmntavjs osahjs sm dumra`nlrjnkl plr mnbmntmhmr bls trjojgls, cltavjnkl bj lhu-rrmnhaj kmjbùnls jhhakmntms nl ejoatujbms mn bj hlnstruh-han njvjb, hjusjkls plr prasjs l kmshuakls.- Mn bls btacls kjs km trjojgl sm una jb djhtlr tamcpl,mb jucmntl hlnsakmrjobm kmb ncmrl km trjojgjklrms qumdumrln hlntrjtjkls plr bjs mcprmsjs juxabajrms pjrj jhm-bmrjr mb trjojgl, hln bl qum bj hlnhmntrjhan km trjojgjkl-


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- ]n rmdumrzl km jtmnhan mn bl qum sm rmdamrm j cmk prmvmntavjs mn hujnkl j jhhakmntms lhubjrms.- _mdumrzl km bj hllrkanjhan km jhtavakjkms prmvmntavjhln mb smùacamntl km bjs cascjs km cjnmrj mxejustavj.- Jntm bj prmsmnhaj km dmhejs bcatms, cmglrjr bj hllrka-njhan km bls trjojgls pjrj mvatjr prasjs km btacj elrj.Mstm mxtrmcl pjrmhm hjsa acplsaobm jntm bj nmhmsakjk pmqumjs clkadahjhalnms qum samcprm lhurrmn mn mstm tkm hlnstruhhalnms.

Mn rmsucmn7 Xa jb`l emcls jprmnkakl hln bj mxpm-ramnhaj kmb Ouqum Kasnmy Cjàh ms qum mn rmpjrjhalnbj prmvmnhan, plr bj njturjbmzj cascj km bls trjojgls,kmom smr mxejustavj, pmrcjnmntm y hln hamrtj njturjbmzkm vaàbjnhaj pjrj `jrjntazjr mb hucpbacamntl km bjscascjs. Mnhlntrjrnls km rmpmntm hln cs km 8999 pmr-slnjs mn mb hmntrl km trjojgl suplnm qum bls mndmrcmrlskmb trjojgl kmomcls mstjr jb kj mn thnahjs km ur`mnhajs,mxpblrjhalnms, _x, hbnahj, y tlkl bl qum pumkm prmsmntjunj plobjhan km 8999 ejoatjntms rmjbazjnkl unj jhtava-kjk km jbtl rams`l. Mn numstrl hjsl mn pjrtahubjr, hlclmndmrcmrls kmb smhtlr njvjb plkmcls anhakar hlcl jspmh-tls km cmglrj mn bj nmhmsakjk pmrcjnmntm km un oumn rhahbjgm mn ur`mnhajs, mcmr`mnhajs, trjnsplrtm km plbatrjucjtazjkls, bmsalnms ldtjbclbàhjs m akalcjs.

Oaobal`rjdj:. Bj mcprmsj Njvjntaj. Mn ettp7//www.njvjntaj.ms/antm-ralr.pep


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_MX]CMN

Antrlkuhhan 7 Mb logmtavl km mstm mstukal ms mvjbujr mbnavmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgj-klrms jkshratls jb HY_B km Jbcmrj pjrj lotmnmr kjtls jhmrhj km su satujhan jhtujb y mbjolrjr, mn unj djsm plstm-ralr, un prltlhlbl qum hlntraouyj j cmglrjr mb navmb km ju-tlhuakjkls mn sjbuk ouhlkmntjb km mstm hlbmhtavl kmtrjojgjklrms.Cjtmrajb y ctlkls. Mstukal kmshraptavl trjnsvmrsjb plr cmkal km humstalnjral vjbakjkl mntrm`jkj j bls trjojgj-klrms qum jhukmn jb mxjcmn km sjbuk, j trjvs km bj hujbsm lotamnmn bls kjtls pjrj mvjbujr sus navmb km jutlhuakj-kls._msubtjkls 7 Mb ?0% km bj cumstrj prmsmntj unls navmbmskm jutlhuakjkls ojgls, mb =4% unls navmbms cmkals y mb:0% prmsmntj unls navmbms jbtls km jutlhuakjkls. Bjcmkaj km bj cumstrj dum km 0.:1 puntls slorm :8 plsaobms.Xm losmrvjrln kadmrmnhajs sa`nadahjtavjs mntrm bjs cmkajskm jcols smxls.Hlnhbusalnms7 Hln unls rmsubtjkls qum satjn bj pun-tujhan cmkaj mn un rjn`l cmglrjobm sm prlplnm bj mn-trm`j km unj ùj mn dlrcj km trptahl pjrj andlrcjr j blsusujrals slorm hcl cmglrjr bls huakjkls km su hjvakjk ouhjb. Hlcl smùnkj cmkakj sm anstj j rmpmtar mb mstukal pjsjkl un pmralkl km ? jls pjrj hlcprlojr sa bls rmsub-tjkls vjrjn.

Yjbjorjs hbjvm7 Jutlhuakjkls, eaàmnm ouhlkmntjb, mxj-cmn km sjbuk bjolrjb.

XMBD-HJ_M BMTMB JXXMXXCMN[ LD L_JBHJTA[Q LD PL_FM_X HMN[M_ J[[JHEMK[L LHH]YJ[ALNJB EMJB[E JNK XJDM[QHMN[M (HY_B) JBCM_AJ

JOX[_JH[

Antrlkuhtaln 7 [em logmhtavm ld teas stuky as tl jssmss tembmvmb ld smbd-hjrm an tem lrjb hjvaty ld Jbcmraj HY_B jssa`nmk tl wlrfmrs tl lotjan kjtj jolut ylur hurrmnt satuj-taln jnk kmvmblp jt j bjtmr stj`m, j prltlhlb tl embpacprlvm tem bmvmb ld smbd-hjrm lrjb emjbte an teas `rlup lwlrfmrs.Cjtmrajb jnk cmtelks 7 Hrlss-smhtalnjb stuky usan` vj-bakjtmk qumstalnnjarm àvmn tl wlrfmrs wel hlcm tl tememjbte mxjcanjtaln, terluè weahe kjtj jrm lotjanmk tljssmss temar bmvmb ld smbd-hjrm._msubts 7 ?0% ld tem sjcpbm ejs blw bmvmbs ld smbd-hjrm=4% jvmrj`m bmvmbs jnk :0% ejvm eaè bmvmbs ld smbd-hj[em sjcpbm cmjn wjs 0.:1 plants lut ld :8 plssaobm. Xa`-nadahjnt kaddmrmnhms omtwmmn tem cmjns ld olte smwmrm losmrvmk.

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9:-:9;Yjbcj Jrrlyl, JMvjbujhan kmb navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgjklrms jkshratls jb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km _ams`ls Bjolrjbkm Jbcmrj

Jrthubl lraànjb

Mvjbujhan kmb navmb km jutlhuakjkls kmbj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgjklrms jks-hratls jb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km _ams-

`ls Bjolrjbms (HY_B) km Jbcmrj Jutlrms

Yjbcj Jrrlyl, J_msakmntm km Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl

Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km _ams`ls Bjolrjbms km Jbcmrj

[rjzjoabakjk mkatlrajb_mhmphan7 :0-9?-?9:;_mvasan plr pjrms7 ??-9;-?9:;Jhmptjhan danjb7 9?-9=-?9:;

HlrrmsplnkmnhajJorjejc Yjbcj Jrrlyl

Jorjejc.pjbcjIeltcjab.hlc


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?9

Hlnhbusalns 7 Pate rmsubts tejt put tem jvmrj`m shlrm ac- prlvmk oy kmbavmran` j rjn`m ùakm as antmnkmk js j bmjdbmttl andlrc usmrs ln elw tl acprlvm tem hjrm ld ylur lrjbhjvaty. Js j smhlnk stmp as mnhlurj`mk tl rmpmjt tem pjststuky j pmralk ld ? ymjrs tl smm ad tem rmsubts vjry.Fmywlrks7 Xmbd-hjrm, lrjb eyàmnm, lhhupjtalnjb emjbte.

AntrlkuhhanBjs pjtlbl`js ouhlkmntjbms jhucubjn unj jbtj prm-

vjbmnhaj mn numstrj slhamkjk, sm mstacj qum mb =?% km bj plobjhan pjkmhm jb`n tapl km prlobmcj, samnkl bls csdrmhumntms bjs hjrams jhtavjs, bls kamntms smnsaobms y prlobmcjs km mnhjs.: [jntl bj anhakmnhaj hlcl bj prmvjbmnhajkm bjs pjtlbl`js km bj hjvakjk lrjb mstn ntacjcmntm rm-bjhalnjkjs hln mb navmb km huakjkls qum tamnmn bls trjojgjklrms hln rmspmhtl j su sjbuk ouhlkmntjb.

Mstm tapl km pjtlbl`j vamnm jhlcpjjkj ejoatujb-cmntm km klblr, y mxhmphalnjbcmntm pumkmn hursjr hlnhlcpbahjhalnms cs `rjvms qum pumkmn kmravjr mn unj prkakj km sjbuk, cltavls plr bls hujbms pumkmn vmrsm kas-canuakls mb rmnkacamntl y bj prlkuhtavakjk mn mb pumstlkm trjojgl?. Ylr ltrj pjrtm, hjkj vmz mxastm unj cjylr mva-

kmnhaj km bj jslhajhan mntrm bjs mndmrcmkjkms pmralkln-tjbms y hjrkalvjshubjrms. Mstjs btacjs hlnstatuymn bj pracmrj hjusj km cumrtm mn bls pjsms kmsjrrlbbjkls, rjzn plr bj hujb bj prmvmnhan mn sjbuk ouhlkmntjb jkquamrmcjylr acplrtjnhaj. ?-0

Yjrj `mstalnjr bj sjbuk mn mb trjojgl sm kmom hlcoanjr km dlrcj kancahj y hlcpbmcmntjraj bj rmkuhhan km blsdjhtlrms km rams`l y mb kmsjrrlbbl kmb oamnmstjr dsahl, cmn-tjb y slhajb. Bj prlclhan km bj sjbuk mn mb trjojgl suplnmun clkmbl km jhtujhan qum jyukj j hlnsmùar cmtjs. Bjmdahjhaj km bj prlclhan km bj sjbuk mn mb bu`jr km trjojgl

ej sakl jcpbajcmntm mstukajkj, mxastamnkl un hbjrl mdmhtl plsatavl slorm bj hlnhamnhajhan ankavakujb jhmrhj km bjsjbuk y mn bj hlnkuhtj, js hlcl rmsubtjkls km sjbuk sl-hajbms j bjr`l pbjzl.5, 1

Bj bjolr prmvmntavj y mkuhjklrj km bj mndmrcmrj kmbtrjojgl y su rmbjhan hln `rupls km plobjhan jkubtj `m-nmrjn mb mntlrnl jkmhujkl pjrj mcprmnkmr prl`rjcjslramntjkls j dlcmntjr eoatls sjbukjobms y mbmvjr mb navmbkm sjbuk km bls trjojgjklrms. Hln mstm prlpsatl, sm ej uta-bazjkl mb humstalnjral km jutlhuakjkls km sjbuk ouhlkmn-tjb mn mb cmkal bjolrjb JXOBJ- pjrj vjblrjr kmjutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgjklrms qumjhukmn jb mxjcmn km sjbuk mn mb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km_ams`ls Bjolrjbms (HY_B) km bj Guntj km Jnkjbuhj mnJbcmrj.

Bls logmtavls kmb prmsmntm mstukal [email protected] mb navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjklrjb km bls trjojgjklrms qum jhukmn jb mxjcmn km sjbukbjolrjb mn mb HY_B km Jbcmrj.Mspmhdahl.Hlcprlojr sa mxastmn kadmrmnhajs sa`nadahjta-vjs mntrm `rupls plr smxl l rjn`ls km mkjk.

Cjtmrajb y ctlklYlobjhan7[rjojgjklrms km bj guntj km Jnkjbuhj jkshra-tls jb HY_B km Jbcmrj mn ?9:8.Cumstrj7 [rjojgjklrms qum jhukmn jb mxjcmn km sjbukbjolrjb kurjntm mb pmralkl hlcprmnkakl mntrm cjyl y gubalkm ?9:8.[jcjl km bj cumstrj7 Xm mntrm`jrln 8?5 mnhumstjs, kmstjs, sm jhmptjrln pjrj mb mstukal ?04 trjs hlcprlojr qum mstjojn hlrrmhtjcmntm hlcpbmtjkjs._mhlàkj km kjtls7Humstalnjral slorm jutlhuakjkls kmsjbuk ouhlkmntjb mn mb cmkal bjolrjb JXOBJ- . Mn-humstj vjbakjkj. Hucpbacmntjkj an satu hlcpbmtjkj kmdlrcj mshratj plr bls trjojgjklrms.Hratmrals km anhbusan7Jhukar jb mxjcmn km sjbuk bjolrjbmn mb pmralkl kmb mstukal, js hlcl darcjr mb hlnsmnta-

camntl andlrcjkl.Hratmrals km mxhbusan7Yrlobmcjs km bmhtl-mshraturj.Kasml mpakmcalbàhl7Mstukal losmrvjhalnjb, kmshrap-tavl, y trjnsvmrsjb.Jnbasas km kjtls7Yjrj mb jnbasas km kjtls sm utabazjrnbjs emrrjcamntjs mstjkastahjs kmb baormlddahm-Hjbh. Yhlcpjrjr kastantls `rupls, sm hlcprlojr bj nlrcjbakjkkm kastraouhan hln mb tmst km Flbcl`lrlv-Xcarnlv, vj-blrjnkl qum jcojs vjrajnzjs smjn mstjkstahjcmntm aùj-bms hln bj prumoj D km Dasemr y sa jcojs hlnkahalnms smhucpbmn, sm jpbahjr mb tmst km bj t km Xtukmnt pjrj hlc

pjrjr sa mxastmn kadmrmnhajs mstjkstahjs mntrm bjs cmkaTjrajobms ankmpmnkamntms7Xmxl, mkjk, navmb km mstukals,turnl km trjojgl y hlcakjs kurjntm mb trjojgl.Tjrajobms kmpmnkamntms7 Navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hj-vakjk ouhjb, pamzjs kmntjbms pmrkakjs/rmstjurjkjs, usl kmbhmpabbl km kamntms.

_msubtjklsKm un tltjb km 8?5 mnhumstjs mntrm`jkjs, sm jhmptjrln

pjrj mb mstukal ?04 qum sm mnhlntrjojn hlcpbmtjcmntmhlntmstjkjs y jkguntjojn mb hlnsmntacamntl andlrcjklaùjbcmntm hlcpbmtl.Jb mvjbujr mb navmb km jutlhuakjkls km sjbuk ouhlkmntjbsm`n bls hratmrals km puntujhan kmb humstalnjral(JXOBJ) km 9 j :8 puntls, sm kmshuormn bls saùamntms

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9:-:9;Yjbcj Jrrlyl, J

Mvjbujhan kmb navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgjklrms jkshratls jb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km _ams`ls Bjolrjkm Jbcmrj


23/36

:98

?:

rmsubtjkls7Mb ?0% km bj cumstrj prmsmntj unls navmbms km jutl-

huakjkls ojgls, hln unj puntujhan km mntrm ? y = puntls,mb =4% unls navmbms cmkals, hln unj puntujhan km mntrm4 y 1 y mb :0% prmsmntj unls navmbms jbtls km jutlhuakj-kls, hln unj puntujhan km mntrm :9 y :8 puntls (DaùrjA).

Bj cmkj km bj puntujhan dum km 0,? y bj kmsvajhanmstnkjr ?,8 (tjobj km kastraouhan, DA@]_J AA).

[rjs rmvasjr bjs rmspumstjs km bls humstalnjrals, mb 4:%km bj plobjhan cjnadmst ejomr pmrkakl unj l vjrajs pam-zjs kmntjbms plr cltavls nl jhhakmntjbms (Daùrj AAA).

Mn hujntl j bls eoatls jbacmntahals kurjntm bj glrnjkjbjolrjb, 8 km hjkj ; trjojgjklrms cjnadmstjrln rmjbazjr jb-ùnj hlcakj kurjntm su glrnjkj km trjojgl, km mstls, mb08% hlnsakmrjoj qum kasplnj km un bu`jr jkmhujkl pjrjrmjbazjr su eaàmnm ouhlkmntjb mn mb trjojgl. Xbl mb ?4%

cjnadmstjoj bjvjrsm bls kamntms trjs hlcmr mn mb trjojgl(Daùrj AT).

Mn hujntl j bjs kadmrmnhajs plr `rupls, bj cmkaj plr mkjk dum km 0,? pjrj cmnlrms y cjylrms km ;=6 camntrjsqum sm`n bj vjrajobm smxl, bj cmkaj lotmnakj plr blselcorms dum km 4,0 y 0,5 plr bj cugmrms (Daùrj T).

Yjrj bj hlcprlojhan km bj mxastmnhaj km kadmrmnhajssa`nadahjtavjs mntrm jcols `rupls, sm rmvas mn pracmrjanstjnhaj bj olnkjk km jgustm, samnkl jcols `rupls kmcs km 89 ankavakuls, sm jpbah bj prumoj km Flbcl`l-rlv-Xcarnlv (tmst f-s), lotmnamnkl un vjblr kmb mstjkstahlW km Flbcl`lrlv-Xcarnlv 3 9,= mn jcols hjsls, plr blqum sm jhmpt bj nlrcjbakjk km bjs kastraouhalnms mnjcols rupls, y sm hjbhub bj D km Dasemr pjrj hlcprlojr sa bls ? `rupls mrjn kastantls mn su vjrajnzj, lotmnamnklunj prlojoabakjk km D39,11, plr bl qum sm jsuca qumjcojs vjrajnzjs mrjn mstjkstahjcmntm aùjbms.

]nj vmz hlcprlojkj bj olnkjk km jgustm, sm kmhakmutabazjr bj t km Xtukmnt pjrj hlcprlojr bj kadmrmnhaj mntrmjcols `rupls, lotmnamnkl unj t3 -=,1;.

Yjrj hlcpjrjr bls `rupls mntrm bls qum sm jprmhajojunj kadmrmnhaj cs sa`nadahjtavj, sm jpbah mb tmst km km Xtukmnt. Jb lotmnmr t3 -=,1;, sm jhuka j bj tjobj km tkm Xtukmnt, y sm utabaz bj hlbucnj km prlojoabakjk 9,10=(:-(9.=/?)), qumkjnkl mb vjblr km bj t dumrj kmb rjn`l |-:,14, :,14| plr bl tjntl sm jsuca qum bj kadmrmnhaj mntrm

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9:-:9;Yjbcj Jrrlyl, JMvjbujhan kmb navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgjklrms jkshratls jb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km _ams`ls Bjolrjbkm Jbcmrj


24/36

:9;

??

@utarrmz GH, mt jb. Yrmvjbmnhm ld hjrkalvjshubjr rasf djtlrs an tem Xpjnase wlrfan` plpubjtaln. _mv Msp Hjrkalb

?9946 =17;?:-;89.

=. Olrrmbb BN, Ourt OJ, [jyblr @P. Yrmvjbmnhm jnktrmnks an pmralklntatas an tem ]XJ7 tem VhlrrmhtmkS NEJ NMX, :155 tl ?999. G Kmnt _ms ?99=6 5;7 1?;-189.

4. Elbtdrmtmr O, Xhewjen H, Oaddjr _, Flhemr [. Mpakm-calbl`y ld pmralklntjb kasmjsms an tem stuky ld emjbte anYlcmrjnaj. G Hban Ymralklntlb ?9916 847 ::;-:?8.

5. Objazlt J, Tmr`nms GN, Nuwwjrme X, Jcjr G, Xaxlu C.

Ymralklntjb kasmjsms jnk hjrkalvjshubjr mvmnts7 cmtj-jnjbysas ld losmrvjtalnjb stukams. Ant Kmnt G ?9916 =17:10-?91.

1. Ymj Xjbùmrl YC, Lbcl Clrj CX. Tjbakjhan km unhumstalnjral km jutlhuakjkls km sjbuk ouhlkmntjb mn mbcmkal bjolrjb -JXOBJ. Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:?6 AA7?=;-?4?.

:9. Canastmral km Xjnakjk y Hlnsucl. Bj mvakmnhaj km bjmdahjhaj km bj prlclhan km bj Xjbuk. Yjrtm Kls. Cjkrak.?999.

::. Xlhajb Xhamnhm Xtjtastahs. h?9:8 Vhatmk ?9:8 Nlv ?:SJvjbaobm drlc7 ettp7//www.slhshastjtastahs.hlc/tmsts/ztmst/

:?. [em baormLddahm Dlunkjtaln7 Omrban. h?9:8. VHatm?9:8 Nlv ?:S Jvjbaobm drlc7embp.baormlddahm.lr`/Hjbh/Xtjtastahjb\Dunhtalns\Yjrt\[wl/ms

:8. [mxjs7 ]navmrsaty ld [mxjs. h?990 Vhatmk ?9:8 Nlv9:S Jvjbaobm drlc7ettp7//www.bjats.utmxjs.mku/lrfmbc/mxhmb/MUHMB/[[MX[.E[C

:;. Clrmnl C. Kmpjrtjcmntl km andlrctahj. h?995Vhatmk ?9:8 Gub :9S Jvjbaobm drlc7ettp7//www.cmk.unnm.mku.jr/oaobaltmhj/hjbhubls/hjbhubj-klrj.etc

jcols `rupls mrj sa`nadahjtavj. Jb hlcpjrjr mstm rmsub-tjkl hln mb lotmnakl j trjvs km bj emrrjcamntjs mstjksta-

hjs kmb BaormLddahm Hjbh, sm bbm` j bj cascj hlnhbusan,lotmnamnkl unj prlojoabakjk km 9,999: km qum jcols `rupls dumrjn aùjbms:8 plr bl tjntl sm rmhejzj mstj eaptmsasy sm jhmptj bj eaptmsas jbtmrnjtavj km qum jcols `ruplssln kastantls.

KashusanBls pranhapjbms rmsubtjkls lotmnakls smjbjrln un

navmb cmkal km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb, mnhln-trnklsm bmgls km bls rmsubtjkls ptacls (0,? slorm :8drmntm jb navmb jbtl hlnsakmrjkl j pjrtar kmb :9 slorm :8).5

Hlcpjrjnkl bls rmsubtjkls km mstm mstukal hln ltrjsanvmsta`jhalnms sacabjrms, sm hlcprumoj qum mb `rupl ms-tukajkl saùm bj cascj tmnkmnhaj qum mb rmstl km bj plobjhan kmb pjs, yj qum mb baorl objnhl km sjbuk ouhlkmntjb: j trjvs km bj mnhumstj plobjhalnjb km sjbuk ouhlkmntjb mn Mspjj, mstjobmhm qum mxastmn kadmrmnhajssa`nadahjtavjs mntrm jcols smxls, mstjnkl bjs cugmrms cs prmlhupjkjs plr bj sjbuk ouhjb qum bls elcorms.

Hlnhbusalnms[rjs bj lotmnhan km unls rmsubtjkls cmglrjobms, sm

prlplnm mntrm`jr un trptahl andlrcjtavl qum jyukm j blstrjojgjklrms j cmglrjr su navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hj-vakjk lrjb. Hlcl cmkakj hlcpbmcmntjraj, sm prlplnmmvjbujr km numvl mb navmb km jutlhuakjkls, hln mb casclctlkl, pjsjkls ? jls, pmralkl jprlxacjkl km numvlmxjcmn km sjbuk, pjrj hlcprlojr bj mdmhtavakjk km bj cm-kakj jklptjkj, mstjobmhamnkl un prlhmkacamntl kancahlkm cmglrj hlntanuj.

Oaobal`rjdj

:. Baorl Objnhl km Xjbuk Ouhlkmntjb mn Mspjj ?9:9.Ojrhmblnj7 Bjhmr X.J., ?9:9

?. _l`mr TB, @l JX, Bblyk-Glnms KC, Jkjcs _G, OmrryGK, Orlwn [C, mt jb. Emjrt Kasmjsm jnk Xtrlfm Xtjtastahs.?9:: ]pkjtm7 J rmplrt drlc tem Jcmrahjn Emjrt Jsslhaj-taln. Harhubjtaln ?9::6 :?87 m:5-m?91.

8. Cjrru`jt G, Mblsj _, Cjrt E. Mpakmcalbl`j km bjhjrkalpjtj asqucahj mn Mspjj7 mstacjhan kmb ncmrlkm hjsls y km bjs tmnkmnhajs mntrm :110 y ?99=. _mv MspHjrkalb ?99?6 ==7 880-8;4.

;. Xnhemz-Hejpjrrl CJ, _lcn-@jrhj G, Hjbvl-Olnj-hel M, @cmz-Bjrals [, Dmrnnkmz-Cmsmùmr J, Xanz-

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9:-:9;Yjbcj Jrrlyl, J

Mvjbujhan kmb navmb km jutlhuakjkls km bj hjvakjk ouhjb km bls trjojgjklrms jkshratls jb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km _ams`ls Bjolrjkm Jbcmrj


25/36

:9=Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9=-:91Hjrhmkl Xjntls, BYrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb kmplrtm mn mb cmkal bjolrjb

?8

_msucmnMb smkmntjrascl ms mb hujrtl djhtlr km rams`l mn bl qum

rmspmhtj j bj clrtjbakjk cunkajb y ms hlnsakmrjkl unl kmbls cs acplrtjntms djhtlrms km rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr,samnkl bjs mndmrcmkjkms hjrkalvjshubjrms bj pranhapjbhjusj km cumrtm mn Mspjj. J navmb bjolrjb bj djbtj km mgmr-hahal dsahl sm hlnsakmrj unl km bls rams`ls dsahls mcmr-`mntms cs acplrtjntms.

Bj jhtavakjk dsahj rmùbjr kascanuym mb rams`l km cu-hejs mndmrcmkjkms hlcl lomsakjk, eapmrtmnsan, hnhmr

km cjcj l hlbln, y cmglrj bj sjbuk smj y mb oamnmstjr d-sahl y cmntjb. Jkmcs cmglrj bj hlnkahan dsahj pu-kamnkl prmvmnar kls km bjs mndmrcmkjkms rmbjhalnjkjs hlnmb trjojgl cs prmvjbmntms7 bls trjstlrnls cushublmsqum-btahls y mb mstrs.

Mb logmtl km mstm jrthubl ms gustadahjr bj prlclhan kmbj jhtavakjk dsahj y kmplrtm mn mb coatl bjolrjb tmnamnklmn humntj jb kmplrtm hlcl kmrmhel, su cj`natuk, jb smr hlnsakmrjkl un prlobmcj km sjbuk pobahj y un rams`l d-sahl bjolrjb mcmr mntm, js hlcl bls omnmdahals qum pumkm lhjsalnjr tjbms hlcl7 cmglrj km bj sjbuk km bls trj-

ojgjklrms, kascanuhan kmb josmntascl, jucmntl km bj prlkuhtavakjk mn bjs mcprmsjs y cmglrj km su acj`mn jbsmr hlnsakmrjkjs slhajbcmntm rmsplnsjobms y mn kmdanatavj,bj kascanuhan km hlstms pjrj bj sjbuk.

Yjbjorjs hbjvm7 jhtavakjk dsahj, mgmrhahal, prlclhan kmbj sjbuk, bu`jr km trjojgl.

Yrlcltaln ld tem peysahjb jhtavaty jnk tem splrtan wlrfpbjhms

JostrjhtXmkmntjry badmstybm as tem dlurte rasf djhtlr wate rm`jrks

tl tem `blojb clrtjbaty jnk at as hlnsakmrmk lnm ld tem clstacplrtjnt hjrkalvjshubjr rasf djhtlrs, hjrkalvjshubjr ka-

smjsm oman` tem bmjkan` hjusm ld kmjte an Xpjan. [em bjhld peysahjb mxmrhasm as hlnsakmrmk lnm ld tem clst acplr-tjnt mcmràn` peysahjb rasfs rmbjtmk tl lhhupjtalnjb sjdmtyjnk emjbte.

_mùbjr peysahjb jhtavaty rmkuhms tem rasf ld cjny ka-smjsms suhe js lomsaty, eypmrtmnsaln, ormjst lr hlbln hjn-hmr, jnk acprlvms olnm emjbte jnk tem peysahjb jnk cmntjbwmbb-oman`. Jbsl acprlvms tem peysahjb hlnkataln jnk hjn prmvmnt twl wlrf-rmbjtmk abbnmssms clrm prmvjbmnt7 cu

hublsfmbmtjb kaslrkmrs jnk strmss.[em purplsm ld teas jrtahbm as tl gustady tem prlcltalnld peysahjb jhtavaty jnk splrt jt wlrf hlnsakmran` splrtjs bjw, ats cj`natukm, tl om hlnsakmrmk j prlobmc ld pu- obah emjbte jnk jn mcmràn` bjolr peysahjb rasf, js wmbbjs tem omnmdats tejt cjy rmsubt an suhe js7 acprlvan` tememjbte ld mcpblymms, rmkuhtaln ld josmntmmasc, anhrmjs prlkuhtavaty an mntmrprasms jnk acprlvan` ats acj`m tl omhlnsakmrmk slhajbby rmsplnsaobm jnk ubtacjtmby, rmkuhmhlsts dlr emjbte.

Fmy wlrks7 peysahjb jhtavaty, mxmrhasm, emjbte prlcltaln,wlrfpbjhm.

AntrlkuhhanBj anjhtavakjk dsahj ms un djhtlr km rams`l clkadahjobm

rmbjhalnjkl hln mb kmsjrrlbbl km mndmrcmkjkms hrnahjs hjrkalvjshubjrms, hlcl Kajomtms Cmbbatus, lomsakjk, eapmrtmnsan jrtmrajb, hnhmr km cjcj, hlbln, lstmlplrlsas,y kmprmsan: .

Xm`n bj LCX, bj anjhtavakjk dsahj l smkmntjrascl msmb hujrtl djhtlr km rams`l mn bl qum rmspmhtj j bj clrtjba-kjk cunkajb?. Mspjj ms unl km bls pjsms murlpmls hlncjylr prmvjbmnhaj km smkmntjrascl sm`n kjtls kmb Mu-rlojrcmtrl ?9:9.

Mb kmplrtm ms un kmrmhel qum jpjrmhm mn bj Hlnsta

Jrthubl km rmvasan

Yrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mbkmplrtm mn mb cmkal bjolrjbJutlrms

Hjrhmkl Xjntls, BMndmrcmrj Mspmhajbastj mn Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjoj

[rjzjoabakjk mkatlrajb_mhmphan7 :4-9:-?9:;_mvasan plr pjrms7 94-9?-?9:;Jhmptjhan danjb7 :5-9=-?9:;

HlrrmsplnkmnhajBjurj Hjrhmkl Xjntls

bhjrhmIjrrjfas.ms


26/36

:94 Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9=-:91Hjrhmkl Xjntls, B

Yrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb kmplrtm mn mb cmkal bjolrjb

?;

han Mspjlbj mn bls jrthubls ;8.8 y :;5, mstjnkl jkmcsjcpjrjkl j navmb antmrnjhalnjb.

_mjbazjr 89 canutls km jhtavakjk dsahj clkmrjkj = lcs vmhms j bj smcjnj rmplrtj omnmdahals pjrj bj sjbukkascanuymnkl mb rams`l km hamrtjs mndmrcmkjkms, cmgl-rjnkl bj sjbuk smj y dunhalnjb js hlcl mb oamnmstjr d-sahl y cmntjb;,=.

Bls omnmdahals km bj prhtahj rmùbjr km jhtavakjk dsahjy mb kmplrtm slorm bj sjbuk y bj hjbakjk km vakj km bjs pmr-slnjs pumkmn mxtrjplbjrsm j bjs jhtavakjkms qum mb trjojgjklr kmsmcpmj mn su vakj kajraj y j su vmz j bj prlpajmcprmsj.

Yjrj mbbl ms dunkjcmntjb bj anhlrplrjhan prl`rjcjskm prlclhan km bj sjbuk mn mb trjojgl, un mshmnjral mn mbqum bjs antmrvmnhalnms pumkmn tmnmr un `rjn jbhjnhm.Mstjs jhtujhalnms pmrcatmn qum bjs lr`jnazjhalnms vjyjncs jbb km bj cmrj jpbahjhan km bls pranhapals qum cjrhjbj Bmy km Yrmvmnhan km _ams`ls Bjolrjbms4, hlnvartan-klsm mn prlcltlrjs km sjbuk y smùrakjk mn tlkj su ka-cmnsan.

Kmrmhel jb kmplrtmMb kmplrtm ms un kmrmhel qum jpjrmhm mn bj Hlnstatu-

han Mspjlbj mn mb jrthubl ;8.8 qum mstjobmhm qum Bls plkmrms pobahls dlcmntjrn bj mkuhjhan sjnatjraj, bj

mkuhjhan dsahj y mb kmplrtm 6y, mn mb jrthubl :;5 qumkmtmrcanj qum mb kmplrtm ms unj hlcpmtmnhaj km bjs Hl-cunakjkms Jutnlcjs.

J navmb antmrnjhalnjb, mst rmdbmgjkl mn bj Hjrtj Antmr-njhalnjb km bj Mkuhjhan Dsahj y mb Kmplrtm km bj]NMXHL y mn bj hjrtj Murlpmj kmb Kmplrtm.

Bj bmy :9/:119, km := km lhtuorm, kmb Kmplrtm kj rms- pumstj jb kmomr hlnstatuhalnjb km dlcmntjr mb kmplrtm ymstjobmhm qum Bj prhtahj kmb kmplrtm ms baorm y vlbuntj-raj0.

Js cascl, mb Ybjn Antm`rjb pjrj bj Jhtavakjk Dsahj y

Kmplrtm, acpubsj mb jhhmsl unavmrsjb j unj prhtahj kmplrtavj km hjbakjk pjrj mb hlnguntl km bj plobjhan, jyu-kjnkl js j hlcojtar mb mbmvjkl navmb km smkmntjrascl ylomsakjk y j prlclvmr eoatls km vakj jhtavls y sjbukjobms. Jbùnls km bls := Yrl`rjcjs kmntrl kmb Ybjn sln mbn ? Xjnatjral km Yrlclhan km bj Jhtavakjk Dsahj lmb n 4Jhtavakjk Dsahj y Kmplrtm mn mb cmkal Bjolrjb.Mb cmkal bjolrjb jpjrmhm hatjkl jkmcs mn bls prl`rjcjskm7 Hlcunahjhan, Xmnsaoabazjhan m Andlrcjhan, Anvms-ta`jhan, Dlrcjhan y Lr`jnazjhan Bmàsbjhan y Nlr-cjtavj 5.

Jhtavakjk dsahj y sjbukXm hlnsakmrj jhtavakjk dsahj hujbquamr clvacamntl

hlrplrjb prlkuhakl plr bls cshubls msqumbtahls qum

mxagj `jstl km mnmr`j. Bj jhtavakjk dsahj nl kmom hln-dunkarsm hln mb mgmrhahal. Mstj ms unj vjramkjk km bj jvakjk dsahj pbjnadahjkj, mstruhturjkj, rmpmtatavj yrmjbazjkj hln bj cmglrj l mb cjntmnacamntl km unl l cshlcplnmntms km bj jptatuk dsahj. Q mb kmplrtm ms tlkl mgmhahal dsahl rmjbazjkl hln mspratu hlcpmtatavl qum sm ra`m plr unjs nlrcjs l rm`bjcmntl.

Mn ?995, mb 8:% km jkubtls cjylrms km := jls mrjnansudahamntmcmntm jhtavls. Xm mstacj qum bj anjhtavakjksahj ms bj hjusj pranhapjb km jprlxacjkjcmntm un ?:%-?=% km bls hnhmrms km cjcj y km hlbln, mb ?0% km blshjsls km kajomtms y jprlxacjkjcmntm mb 89% km bj hjr`jkm hjrkalpjtj asqucahj1.

Xm`n bj Mnhumstj Njhalnjb km Xjbuk ?9::-:? mb;:,8% km bj plobjhan cjylr km :5 jls sm kmhbjrj sm-kmntjraj, ;4,4% km bjs cugmrms y 8=,=% km bls elcorms:9 .Mn hujntl j bj jhtavakjk dsahj rmjbazjkj mn mb trjojgl ljhtavakjk pranhapjb un 80,09% km bj plobjhan mst smn-tjkj bj cjylr pjrtm km bj glrnjkj y un ;;,5% mstn km pambj cjylr pjrtm km bj glrnjkj san mdmhtujr `rjnkms kmspbj-zjcamntls.

]nj km bjs pjtlbl js qum mst jslhajkj jb smkmntj-rascl ms bj lomsakjk, kmdanakj hlcl mpakmcaj cunkajb.Mb :0% km bj plobjhan mspjlbj cjylr km :5 jls mslomsj y mb 84,4% tamnm slormpmsl. Bj lomsakjk y mb smkm

tjrascl suplnmn un hlstm pmrslnjb, slhajb y km sjbuk p- obahj. Ylr mbbl, mstrjtmàjs hlcl bj NJLX (Mstrjtmàj pjrjbj nutrahan, jhtavakjk dsahj y prmvmnhan km bj lomsakjktamnmn hlcl logmtavl smnsaoabazjr j bj plobjhan kmb prlobmcj qum bj lomsakjk prmsmntj pjrj bj sjbuk y djvlrmhmr eoatls km vakj sjbukjobms j trjvs km unj jbacmntjhansjbukjobm y km bj prhtahj rmùbjr km jhtavakjk dsahj.

Jkmcs, mb smkmntjrascl ms unl km bls cs acplrtjn-tms djhtlrms km rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr y bjs mndmrcmkjkmshjrkalvjshubjrms sln bj pracmrj hjusj km cumrtm mn Ms- pjj mn mb jl ?9::, bl qum rmprmsmntj mb 89,=% kmb tltjb

km kmdunhalnms8

.Bj prhtahj km jhtavakjk dsahj rmùbjr kascanuym mbrams`l km mndmrcmkjkms hlrlnjrajs y jhhakmntms hmrmorvjshubjrms, eapmrtmnsan jrtmrajb, lomsakjk y mxhmsl k pmsl, kajomtms, hnhmr km cjcj y km hlbln, kmprmsan, hj-kjs, y cmglrj bj sjbuk smj y dunhalnjb js hlcl mb oamn-mstjr dsahl y cmntjb:,:: . Ms tab mn bj prlclhan km bjsjbuk, bj rmejoabatjhan y bj prmvmnhan km kadmrmntmdmrcmkjkms y prlplrhalnj jb ankavakul omnmdahals j navmdasalbàhl, psahlbàhl y slhajb.

Bj LCX rmhlcamnkj qum bls jkubtls mntrm :5-4; jlskmomrjn rmjbazjr jb cmnls :=9 canutls (can) smcjnjbmsj bj prhtahj km jhtavakjk dsahj jmroahj, l oamn 0= cankm jhtavakjk dsahj va`lrlsj hjkj smcjnj, l oamn unj hlcoanjhan km jhtavakjkms va`lrlsjs y clkmrjkjs. Bj jhta-


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:90Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9=-:91Hjrhmkl Xjntls, BYrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb kmplrtm mn mb cmkal bjolrjb

?=

vakjk jmroahj sm prjhtahjr jb cmnls mn smsalnms km :9can km kurjhan hlcl cnacl; .Jucmntjr bls navmbms km jhtavakjk dsahj, mspmhajbcmntmkm bls cs smkmntjrals, ms unl km bls logmtavls pralratjralskm bjs plbtahjs km sjbuk pobahj j navmb cunkajb y plr su- pumstl njhalnjb.

[rjojgl y sjbukMb trjojgl, y cs mn hlnhrmtl bjs hlnkahalnms km trj-

ojgl, pumkmn jdmhtjn j bj sjbuk. Bjs hlnkahalnms km trjojglejn akl clkadahnklsm hln bj anhlrplrjhan km numvjstmhnlbl`js mn mb trjojgl, y tjcoan plr bj satujhan mhl-ncahj y slhajb.

Mn bj ]nan Murlpmj, bls kls prlobmcjs km sjbuk csdrmhumntms rmbjhalnjkls hln mb trjojgl sln7 bls trjstlrnlscushublmsqumbtahls ([CM) qum jdmhtjn j un hujrtl km bj plobjhan, y mb mstrs (;9-49% km bjs ojgjs bjolrjbms)6 klsrams`ls mcmr`mntms pralratjrals pjrj bj J`mnhaj Murlpmjkm Xmùrakjk m Eaàmnm mn mb trjojgl.

Bj TAA Mnhumstj Njhalnjb km Hlnkahalnms km [rjojgl:?rmdbmgj qum mb 5;% km bls trjojgjklrms smjbj smntar jbùnjclbmstaj qum jhejhj j plsturjs y msdumrzls kmravjkls kmbtrjojgl qum rmjbazj (vmr blhjbazjhan mn Daùrj :), y rmdbmgjun mcpmlrjcamntl km vjrals ankahjklrms rmbjtavls j bjsmxa`mnhajs kmravjkjs km djhtlrms psahlslhajbms kmb trjojgl

hlcl plr mgmcpbl7 mb navmb km jtmnhan mxaàkj mn bj tjrmj,bj pmrhmphan km tmnmr cuhel trjojgl y smntarsm j`loajkl,tmnmr qum trjojgjr cuy rpakl l kmomr jtmnkmr vjrajs tjrmjsjb cascl tamcpl.

Daùrj :.Blhjbazjhan km bjs clbmstajs cushublmsqumbtahjs. Dumntm MNH[ ?9::

Cuhels km mstls prlobmcjs pumkmn prmvmnarsm l rm-kuharsm hucpbamnkl bj nlrcjtavj va`mntm mn cjtmraj kmsmùrakjk y sjbuk y sa sm saùmn bjs ankahjhalnms slorm oumnjs prhtahjs. Mn bj Hjcpjj Jba`mrj bj Hjr j (Mr`jn =; ?990 ANXE[) sm cmnhalnjoj hlcl cmkakj prmvmn-tavj pjrj mvatjr bj jpjrahan km [CM bj anhlrplrjhan ku-

rjntm bj glrnjkj bjolrjb km mgmrhahals dsahls mspmhdahXan mcojr`l, mn bl qum rmspmhtj jb mstrs y ltrls rams`ls psahlslhajbms un jbtl plrhmntjgm km mcprmsjs nl jpbahjcmkakjs prmvmntavjs pjrj mvatjr mstls prlobmcjs.

Cmglrjr bj hlnkahan dsahj km bls trjojgjklrms, cm-kajntm bj prlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj mn bls bu`jrmskm trjojgl (YJD[) y bj anstjurjhan km prl`rjcjs km jh-tavakjk dsahj pumkmn rmkuhar bjs bmsalnms cushublmsqubtahjs y mb mstrs. Jkmcs, pumkm smr tab mn bj prmvmnkm mndmrcmkjkms hrnahjs y mn kmdanatavj cmglrjr bj sjbdsahj y cmntjb kmb trjojgjklr js hlcl su rmnkacamntl.

Xmkmntjrascl hlcl rams`l dsahlMn un andlrcm kmb Losmrvjtlral km _ams`ls km bj

LXEJ, Yrmvasalnms km bls mxpmrtls slorm rams`ls dsahlsmcmr`mntms rmbjhalnjkls hln bj sjbuk y bj smùrakjk mn mbtrjojgl :8 , mb mgmrhahal dsahl daùrj mn pracmr bu`jr mntbls kamz pracmrls rams`ls.

Bj djbtj km mgmrhahal dsahl ms kmoakj j bj cjylr utabazjhan km pjntjbbjs km vasujbazjhan km kjtls y km sastmcjsjutlctahls, bl qum kmsmcolhj mn un jucmntl kmb tamcplqum sm pmrcjnmhm smntjkl. Ylr ltrl bjkl, bls pumstls kmtrjojgl klnkm sm pjsj bjr`l tamcpl km pam sln, jsacascl,dumntm km prmlhupjhan.

Xus mdmhtls mn bj sjbuk sln [CM mn mxtrmcakjkms su-

pmralrms y mspjbkj, vmnjs vjrahlsjs y trlcolsas vmnlsj prldunkj, lomsakjk, y jb`n tapl km hnhmr.Ltrl rams`l cmnhalnjkl ms bj mxplsahan hlcoanjkj

j [CM y j djhtlrms km rams`l psahlslhajbms. Bls jspmhtls psahlslhajbms nm jtavls jhmntjn bls mdmhtls km bls djhtl-rms km rams`l dsahls y hlntraouymn j qum bls [CM tmn`jnunj cjylr anhakmnhaj.

Ylr tlkl mbbl, dlcmntjr bj jhtavakjk dsahj mn mb mn-tlrnl bjolrjb kmom tmnmrsm mn humntj mn bls prl`rjcjs km prlclhan km bj sjbuk mn mb trjojgl.

Yrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj mn mb trjojglXm hlnsakmrj prhtahj km jhtavakjk dsahj y kmplrtavjmn mb coatl bjolrjb jqumbbj prhtahj mn bj qum mb mcpbmklr djvlrmhm y djhabatj karmhtjcmntm l ankarmhtjcmntm qubls mcpbmjkls mn su pumstl km trjojgl pumkjn bbmvjrbl jhjol.

Mn Mspjj mstj prhtahj ms canlratjraj. Xm`n bj Mn-humstj slorm bls eoatls kmplrtavls km bls mspjlbms kmbjl ?9:9, mb ;% km bls mspjlbms bl prjhtahjn mn su bu`jr km trjojgl l hmntrl km mnsmjnzj y mb 0=% plr su humntj:; .

Bj prhtahj kmplrtavj pmrakahj pumkm suplnmr `rjnkmsy vjrajkls omnmdahals tjntl pjrj bls mcpbmjkls, pjrj bjmcprmsj, y pjrj bj slhamkjk. Ylr mgmcpbl7

- Tmntjgjs pjrj bls mcpbmjkls7 cmglrjs mn bj hjpjhakjk km


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:95 Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9=-:91Hjrhmkl Xjntls, B

Yrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb kmplrtm mn mb cmkal bjolrjb

?4

kmhasan, rmnkacamntl y prlkuhtavakjk:=, cmglrj km susjbuk y hjbakjk km vakj:,:4 y jucmntl kmb bj sjtasdjhhankm bls trjojgjklrms.- Tmntjgjs pjrj bj mcprmsj7 cmglrj bjs rmbjhalnms mntrmmcpbmjkls y mb mspratu km mquapl, vasaoabakjk km bj hlc- pjj mn coatls vanhubjkls j bj _msplnsjoabakjk XlhajbHlrplrjtavj, jucmntl kmb acpjhtl plsatavl km sus prlkuh-tls y smrvahal km mcprmsj mn bj slhamkjk, kastanhan rmspmhtl j hlcpmtaklrms, cmglrj bj acj`mn y rmkuhhan kmbjosmntascl bjolrjb y km bls hlstms jslhajkls:4,:0 .- Tmntjgjs pjrj bj slhamkjk7 kascanuhan km bls hlstms sj-natjrals jb rmkuhar un djhtlr km rams`l acplrtjntm.

Bjs anahajtavjs j acpbjntjr pumkmn ar kmskm bls hlnsmgls ormvms m andlrcjhan mshratj ejstj bj mbjolrjhan km prl`rjcjs km jhtavakjk dsahj mspmhdahj, hrmjhan km àc-njsals mn bj mcprmsj l djvlrmhamnkl mb jhhmsl j anstjbj-halnms mxtmrnjs.

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl y jhtavakjk dsahj y kmplrtm

Bj Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl (M[) kmom prlvmmr andlr-cjhan pjrj cltavjr j bls mcpbmjkls j kjr bls pracmrls pjsls ejhaj un mstabl km vakj jhtavl. Mstj andlrcjhan pumkm kjrsm vj m-cjab, mn bj prlpaj hlnsubtj km mndmrcm-

rj, kurjntm bls mxcmnms km sjbuk l mn prl`rjcjs mspm-hdahls km prlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj.Bjs antmrvmnhalnms ormvms, qum kmomn dlrcjr pjrtm km

numstrj prhtahj kajraj, sln unj lplrtunakjk pjrj bj YJD[ oamn hln rmhlcmnkjhalnms mnmrjbms (rmjbazjr 89 canutlskm jhtavakjk dsahj clkmrjkj, = kjs mn smcjnj l cs) lhln hlnsmgls ankavakujbazjkls, tmnamnkl mn humntj bjs nm-hmsakjkms, prmdmrmnhajs y harhunstjnhajs ankavakujbms,jhlrkjnkl cmtjs y ejhamnkl un smùacamntl j bls 8-4cmsms:5 .

Bjs antmrvmnhalnms km M[ pumkmn smr hlstl-mdmhtavjstjntl mn trcanls mhlncahls hlcl km ZJBQ (jls kmvakj jgustjkls plr hjbakjk), oamn hln antmrvmnhalnms orm-vms ankavakujbazjkjs rmjbazjnkl un shrmmnan , hlnsmgl an-kavakujbazjkl y smùacamntl tmbmdnahl plstmralr :1 , hlclmn Pjbfan` Yrl`rjccms ?9.

Hln bl qum tmnamnkl mn humntj bj cj`natuk, su rmbjhanhln kmtmrcanjkjs mndmrcmkjkms rmbjhalnjkjs hln mb trjojgl y su hjrhtmr km rams`l mcmr`mntm, bj M[ tamnm mbkmomr km prlclhalnjr bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb mgmrhahal.

Hlnhbusalnms Bjs antmrvmnhalnms km YJD[ sln hlstl-mdmhtavjs hln om-nmdahals j navmb km sjbuk bjolrjb y slhajb yj qum suplnmnun jucmntl km bj sjbuk km bls mcpbmjkls, kascanuymn blshlstms plr josmntascl y prkakjs km elrjs prlkuhtavjs y

jucmntjn bj prlkuhtavakjk jb mstjr bls trjojgjklrms cscltavjkls. Jkmcs bjs mcprmsjs qum bjs anhlrplrjn slnhlnsakmrjkjs slhajbcmntm rmsplnsjobms, cmglrjnkl suacj`mn y pltmnhajnkl bjs dlrcjs km hlcunahjhan km bjlr`jnazjhan. Bls prltj`lnastjs km mstm tapl km jhhalnms sln bjs Jk-canastrjhalnms Yobahjs, bls mcprmsjrals j trjvs km blssmrvahals km prmvmnhan y bls trjojgjklrms. Hln rmspmhtl j bj M[ ms acplrtjntm qum jhtujbahm sus hl-nlhacamntls slorm YJD[, tmnamnkl mn humntj bj cjylr mva-kmnhaj hamntdahj kasplnaobm, y smr hlnshamntms km quantmrvmnhalnms ormvms, kmomn dlrcjr pjrtm km bj prhtaejoatujb.

Oaobal`rjdj

:. Pjrourtln KM, Nahlb HP, Ormkan XX. Emjbte omnmdatsld peysahjb jhtavaty7 tem mvakmnhm. HCJG ?9946 :0;759:-1.

?. Plrbk Emjbte Lr`jnatjtaln VPmo satm S*. @blojb EmjbteLosmrvjtlry (@EL). Yrmvjbmnhm ld ansuddahamnt peysahjhtavaty. Xatujtaln jnk trmnks.ettp7//www.wel.ant/èl/nhk/rasf\djhtlrs/peysahjb\jhta-

vaty/mn/ankmx.etcb8. Anstatutl Njhalnjb km Mstjkstahj (ANM) Vsmkm PmoSKmdunhalnms sm`n bj Hjusj km Cumrtm, ?9::. Nltjs km prmnsj ANM Vjhhmsl := cjrzl ?9:8S. Kasplnaobm mn7ettp7//www.anm.ms/prmnsj/np040.pkd

;. Lr`jnazjhan Cunkajb pjrj bj Xjbuk Vsmkm PmoS*. _m-hlcmnkjhalnms Cunkajbms slorm Jhtavakjk Dsahj, ?9:9.Kasplnaobm mn7ettp7//www.wel.ant/kamtpeysahjbjhtavaty/djhtsemmt\rmhlc-cmnkjtalns/ms/ankmx.etcb

=. Nmbsln CM, _mgmsfa PG, Objar XN, Kunhjn YP, Guk`mGL, Fan` JH, mt jb. Yeysahjb Jhtavaty jnk Yuobah Emjbtean Lbkmr Jkubts7 _mhlccmnkjtaln drlc tem Jcmrahjn Hl-bbm`m ld Xplrts Cmkahanm jnk tem Jcmrahjn Emjrt Jssl-hajtaln. Cmk Xha Xplrts Mxmrh ?9906 817:;8=;=.

4. Bmy 8:/:11=, km 5 km nlvamcorm, km prmvmnhan k_ams`ls Bjolrjbms. Olbmtn Ldahajb kmb Mstjkl, n ?41,(:9-::-:11=).

0. Bmy :9/:119, kmb := km lhtuorm, kmb kmplrtm. OlbmtLdahajb kmb Mstjkl, n ?;1, (:0-:9-:119).


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:91Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 :9=-:91Hjrhmkl Xjntls, BYrlclhan km bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb kmplrtm mn mb cmkal bjolrjb

?0

5. Hlnsmgl Xupmralr km Kmplrtms Vsmkm PmoS*. Ybjn Antm-`rjb pjrj bj jhtavakjk dsahj y mb kmplrtm. Kasplnaobm mn7ettp7//www.hsk.`lo.ms/hsk/slhamkjk/pbjn-antm`rjb-pjrj-bj-jhtavakjk-dasahj-y-mb-kmplrtm-pbjn-j-k/

1. Lr`jnazjhan Cunkajb pjrj bj Xjbuk Vsmkm PmoS*. Ms-trjtmàj cunkajb slorm ràcmn jbacmntjral, jhtavakjk d-sahj y sjbuk. Kasplnaobm mn7ettp7//www.wel.ant/kamtpeysahjbjhtavaty/pj/ms/ankmx.etcb.

:9. Canastmral km Xjnakjk, Xmrvahals Xlhajbms m AùjbkjkVsmkm PmoS*. Mnhumstj Njhalnjb km Xjbuk ?9::-:? Vjh-hmsl cjrzl ?9:8S. Kasplnaobm mn7 ettp7//www.csh.ms/ms-

tjkMstukals/mstjkastahjs/mnhumstjNjhalnjb/mnhumstj?9::.etc

::. Oeua FX, Kanls X, Xjjnsdmbs XJ, Peatm YK. J syntem-sas ld tem mvakmnhm dlr cjnjàn` strmss jt wlrf7 j rmvamwld tem rmvamws rmplrtan` ln jnxamty, kmprmssaln, jnk jo-smntmmasc. G Mnvarln Yuobah Emjbte. ?9:?6 ?9:?7 =:=50;.

:?. TAA Mnhumstj Njhalnjb km Hlnkahalnms km [rjojgl?9::. Kasplnaobm mn7ettp7//www.anset.ms/plrtjb/satm/Anset/cmnuatmc.

:8. Yrmvasalnms km bls mxpmrtls slorm rams`ls dsahls mcmr-`mntms rmbjhalnjkls hln bj sjbuk y bj smùrakjk mn mb trjojgl (mn an`bs)7ettp7//www.lsej.murlpj.mu/mn/puobahjtalns/rm- plrts/459=;05.

:;. Mnhumstj slorm eoatls kmplrtavls km bls mspjlbms?9:9.Kasplnaobm mn7 ettp7//www.hsk.`lo.ms/hsk/slham-kjk/mnhumstj-km-ejoatls-kmplrtavls/.

:=. Yua`-_aomrj J, Cjrtnmz-Bmcls A, @lnzjbmz JC,@an-@jrra`j C, Dlrtul G, Olrt-_la` G, @absln N.(?9::).Lhhupjtalnjb sattan` tacm, glo prlkuhtavaty jnk rmbjtmkwlrf-blss an Xpjnase unavmrsaty mcpblymms. Cmkahanm jnkXhamnhm an Xplrts jnk Mxmrhasm, ;8 (Xuppb.=).

:4. Fulppjbj G, Bjccanp J, Euscjn Y. Plrf emjbte prlcltaln, glo wmbb-oman`, jnk sahfnmss josmnhms--jsystmcjtah rmvamw jnk cmtj-jnjbysas. G Lhhup MnvarlnCmk.?995 Nlv6 =9(::)7:?:4-?0.

:0.Hlnn TX, Ejdkjeb J_, Hllpmr YX, Orlwn BC, Busf XB. Cmtj-jnjbysas ld wlrfpbjhm peysahjb jhtavaty antmr-vmntalns. Jc G Yrmv Cmk. ?991 Lht6 80(;)7889-1.

:5. Njtalnjb Anstatutm dlr Emjbte jnk Hbanahjb MxhmbbmnDlur hlcclnby usmk cmtelks tl anhrmjsm peysahjb jhta-vaty. Kasplnaobm mn7 ettp7//puobahjtalns.nahm.lr`.uf/dlur-hlcclnby-usmk-cmtelks-tl-anhrmjsm-peysahjb-jhtavaty-pe?

:1. Yurjte G, Cabbmr JC, ChHjom @, Pabour G. J oramd an-tmrvmntaln tl anhrmjsm peysahjb jhtavaty an smkmntjry wlrfan` wlcmn. Hjn G Nurs _ms. ?99; Cjr684(:)704-1:.

?9. Heylu YE, Xhemumr K, Bannmcjn G@. Jssmsscmnt ld dmcjbm pjrtahapjtaln an jn mcpblymm ?9-wmmf wjbfan` anhmntavm prl`rjc jt Cjrsedambk Hbanah7 j bjr`m cubtaspm-

hajbty `rlup prjhtahm. Hban Cmk _ms. ?994 Kmh6;(;)7?=4-4=.


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::9 Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 ::9_mkjhhan

Yrmvjbmnhaj km djhtlrms km rams`l vjshubjr mn bj plobjhan bjolrjb mspjl

?5

_msmjs km Xjbuk Bjolrjb

Yrmvjbmnhaj km djhtlrms km rams`l vjshubjr mn bj plobjhan bjolrjb mspjlbj

Jutlrms

_mkjhhan

Xnhemz-Hejpjrrl, CJ, _lcn-@jrhj, G, Hjbvl-Olnjhel, M,@cmz-Bjrals, [, Dmrnnkmz-Cmsmùmr,J, Xanz-@utarrm@rupl km Mstukal kmb Ybjn km Yrmvmnhan kmb _ams`l Hjrkalvjshubjr km Aomrcu

_mv Msp Hjrkalb. ?9946 =1(=)7;?:-89

AntrlkuhhanMstm mstukal kmshraom bj prmvjbmnhaj km djhtlrms km

rams`l hjrkalvjshubjr j pjrtar km bls kjtls lotmnakls km bjvaàbjnhaj km bj sjbuk km bls trjojgjklrms.

Cjtmrajb y ctlklsMstukal km prmvjbmnhaj rmjbazjkl mntrm bls trjojgjklrms

km tlkj Mspjj qum sm rmjbazjrln bj vaàbjnhaj km bj sjbukj trjvs km Aomrcutujcur. Mb pmralkl km mstukal dum kmcjyl km ?99; j cjrzl km ?99= y sm anhbuymrln un tltjb

km ?:4.1:; trjojgjklrms mstrjtadahjkls mn rmjs `ml`rda-hjs kmdanakjs sm`n bls kjtls km clrtjbakjk km hjusj hjr-kalvjshubjr jgustjkj plr mkjk rmhlàkls mn mb andlrcm kmbj Xlhamkjk Mspjlbj km Jrtmralshbmrlsas.

Bj mkjk cmkaj km bls trjojgjklrms dum km 84,; jlshln un antmrvjbl km :4 j 0; jls, y mb 08,:% mrjn elcorms.

Bjs kmtmrcanjhalnms rmjbazjkjs dumrln7 ACH, lomsakjkjoklcanjb, [J, buhlsj, hlbmstmrlb y drjhhalnms, tra`bah-rakls, hakl rahl y hrmjtananj.

_msubtjklsBj prlplrhan km sugmtls hln jntmhmkmntm km mndmrcmkjkhjrkalvjshubjr hbnahj (hlrlnjraj, hmrmorjb l jrtmrajb pmra-drahj) dum kmb 9,0%, km eapmrtmnsan jrtmrajb mb 4,?%, kmkajomtms mb :,?% y km kasbapakmcaj mb 5,1%.Mb ;1,8% km bls trjojgjklrms ducjojn, mb ??,:% mrjn eapmrtmnsls, mb :=,=% lomsls, mb 8,5% kajotahls, mb ;4,4% prmsmntjrln kasbapakmcaj mb 4;,?% km bj cumstrj, mb?=,4% km bls trjojgjklrms clstrjrln navmbms ojgls km hl-bmstmrlb EKB y mb 5,8% eapmrtra`bahmramcaj.Hln rmspmhtl jb smhtlr smrvahals, y trjs jgustjr plr djhtlrmskm hlndusan, bls trjojgjklrms kmb smhtlr ankustraj y slormtlkl km bj hlnstruhhan clstrjrln unj cjylr prmvjbmnhajkm mbmvjhan km bj prmsan jrtmrajb y, mspmhajbcmntm, km tjojquascl.

HlnhbusalnmsBj pranhapjb vmntjgj km mstm mstukal rmsakm mn su

cjl cumstrjb (?:4.1:; sugmtls jnjbazjkls) bl qum pmr-catm lotmnmr unj cjylr prmhasan mn bjs mstacjhalnms ymxpblrjr bj prmsmnhaj km jslhajhalnms huyj dumrzj ms koaJkmcs, mb mstukal anhbuym j sugmtls pmrtmnmhamntmtlkls bls smhtlrms km jhtavakjk y km tlkjs bjs hlcunakjkmsjutnlcjs mspjlbjs, bl qum prlplrhalnj unj ancmglrjobmrmprmsmntjtavakjk.

Bls kjtls cumstrjn unj ba`mrj cjylr prmvjbmnhaj km

jbùnls D_T (tjojquascl, YJ mbmvjkj, slormpmsl-lomsa-kjk y jbtmrjhan kmb cmtjolbascl km bls eakrjtls km hjr- olnl) mn rmjs `ml`rdahjs km cjylr clrtjbakjkhjrkalvjshubjr.

Ejy unj jbtj prmvjbmnhaj km djhtlrms km rams`l vjshu-bjr mn trjojgjklrms, bj cjylrj km mbbls bl kmshlnlhm. Xukmtmhhan pmrcatar mstrjtadahjr mb rams`l vjshubjr hlcl ojsm pjrj un prl`rjcj km antmrvmnhan. Mb ejbbjz`l kmunj cjylr prmvjbmnhaj km djhtlrms km rams`l mn kmtmrca-njkls smhtlrms bjolrjbms pumkm djhabatjr mb mstjobmhacamkm pralrakjkms mn bj prmvmnhan hjrkalvjshubjr.Kmb cascl clkl, bj kastraouhan `ml`rdahj km bls D_T pumkm lramntjr duturjs mstrjtmàjs prmvmntavjs.


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:::Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 ::-::?_mkjhhan_msucmn km bj Glrnjkj lr`jnazjkj plr bj JM[ mn Hrkloj (Jprab ;, ?9:;)

?1

Bj smùnkj antmrvmnhan dum j hjr`l km K. Gjvamr @rj-haj _avmrj, Mndmrcmrl kmb [rjojgl pmrtmnmhamntm j bj Xhamkjk km Yrmvmnhan D_MCJY, qum mxpusl bj plnmnhtatubjkj Bj msparlcmtrj hlcl thnahj km mxpblrjhan kmbj dunhan rmsparjtlraj mn sjbuk bjolrjb7 Jhtujbazjhan yhjsls prhtahls. Gjvamr @rjhaj rmpjs tlkls bls jspmhtlstmrahls y prhtahls km bj msparlcmtrj, hlcl sln bj th-nahj, ankahjhalnms, hlntrjankahjhalnms, vjbakmz km bj prumoj, mth.6 hmntrnklsm, danjbcmntm, mn kamz hjsls prtahls slorm pjtrlnms msparlctrahls.

Gjvamr @rjhaj _avmrjMndmrcmrl kmb [rjojgl

Xlhamkjk km Yrmvmnhan D_MCJYGustl jntms kmb kmshjnsl, bbm` mb clcmntl cs mcl-

tavl km bj glrnjkj, jb elcmnjgmjr j K. _jdjmb Jblnsl Yj-kabbl, Mndmrcmrl kmb [rjojgl km bj kmbm`jhan hlrklomskm bj JM[, plr su trjymhtlraj prldmsalnjb km cs km ;;jls hlcl mndmrcmrl km mcprmsj pracmrl, y kmb trjojglkmspus. Mb Yrmsakmntm km bj JM[, K. Gls Cjnumb Hlrobbm bvjrmz, bm eazl mntrm`j km bj Cmkjbbj km Ybjtj kmJslhajhan.

Hlcl hjkj jl, bj kmbm`jhan hlrklomsj km bj Jsl-hajhan km Mspmhajbastjs mn Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl (JM[)lr`jnaz, hlnguntjcmntm hln mb Hmntrl km Yrmvmnhan km_ams`ls Bjolrjbms (HY_B) km bj Guntj km Jnkjbuhj mnHrkloj, bj Glrnjkj km Jhtujbazjhan mn Mndmrcmrj kmb[rjojgl, hmbmorjkj mn bj smkm km bj Kmbm`jhan kmb @l- oamrnl km bj Guntj km Jnkjbuhj mn Hrkloj, y j bj qumjsastamrln cs km 09 mspmhajbastjs km tlkj Mspjj, junqumcjylratjrajcmntm km Jnkjbuhj.

Bj glrnjkj dum anjuùrjkj j bjs 1,89 elrjs plr mb Yrm-sakmntm km bj JM[, K. Gls Cjnumb Hlrombbm bvjrmz y plr bj Karmhtlrj kmb HY_B km Hrkloj, K _lsj Clntmrl

Xac.Bj pracmrj plnmnhaj bbmv plr ttubl Mb smkmntjrascllhupjhalnjb y mb jhlrtjcamntl km bj cushubjturj plsturjb7kmshraphan m antmrvmnhan. Antmrvmnhan drmntm jb trjojglcushubjr msttahl mn trjojgjklrms smkmntjrals hln klbmn-hajs km mspjbkj, bbmvjkj j hjol plr K n`mbms _jcrmzBpmz, rmsakmntm km smùnkl jl km Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl kmb HY_B km Hrkloj. Mn mstj mxplsahan sm jolrkhcl mb smkmntjrascl bjolrjb pumkm lhjsalnjr pjtlbl`jcushubjr mn bj mspjbkj y mn bj hjkmrj qum pumkmn prmvm-narsm cmkajntm unj dhab antmrvmnhan hln mgmrhahals km ms-tarjcamntls cushubjrms.

K n`mbms _jcrmz Bpmz_msakmntm km Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl

_msucmn Glrnjkj JM[ mn Hrkloj (; km jorab km ?9:;)

_msucmn km bj Glrnjkj lr`jnazjkj plr bj JM[ mn Hrkloj(Jprab ;, ?9:;)

Jutlrms

_mkjhhan


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Kmspus kmb kmshjnsl, bbm` bj tmrhmrj plnmnhaj kmnl-canjkj Tjhunjhan mn mb coatl bjolrjb j hjr`l km K.Gls Buas Gurjkl Yramtl, rmsakmntm km pracmr jl km Mn-dmrcmrj kmb trjojgl, pmrtmnmhamntm jb HY_B km Hrkloj.Tmrkjkmrjcmntm, dum bj mxplsahan qum `mnmr cs kmojtmm antmrvmnhan plr pjrtm km bls jsastmntms qum nl kukjrln pjrtahapjr slorm unj km bjs jhtavakjkms prmvmntavjs csacplrtjntms mn Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl.

K. Gls Buas Gurjkl Yramtl, rmsakmntm km pracmr jlkm Mndmrcmrj kmb trjojgl, pmrtmnmhamntm jb HY_B km

Hrkloj

Bj hujrtj y btacj plnmnhaj, Yrmvjbmnhaj y vjrajobms prmkahtavjs km Xnkrlcm Cmtjobahl mn plobjhan trjojgjklrj dum prmsmntjkj plr K. Cjnumb _lcmrl Xjbkjj,Mndmrcmrl kmb [rjojgl kmb Jyuntjcamntl km Hrkloj. Mnmbbj, sm prmsmntjrln bls kjtls hlrrmsplnkamntms jb mstukakm ?9:8 prmsmntjkl hlcl trjojgl dan km cstmr km kahelmndmrcmrl, rmsmjnkl bj prmvjbmnhaj km Xnkrlcm Cmt obahl js hlcl jb`unjs numvjs vjrajobms km tapl jntrl- plctrahl qum mstjojn jslhajkjs j bj jpjrahan km mstmsnkrlcm hjrkalvjshubjr.

Danjbcmntm, sm mstjobmha un hlblqual km kmojtm mnbls jsastmntms hln hjkj unl km bls hujtrl plnmntms, y cstjrkm sm kal pjsl j bj hbjusurj km bj glrnjkj plr mb Yrmsa-kmntm km bj JM[ y mb Kmbm`jkl mn Hrkloj km bj cascj.

Km azquamrkj j kmrmhej7 K. Cjnumb Xnhemz @jrhj (Tahmkmbm`jkl km bj JM[ mn Hrkloj), K. _jdjmb JblnYjkabbl (Mndmrcmrl kmb [rjojgl elcmnjgmjkl), K. Gls Cjnumb Hlrombbm bvjrmz (Yrmsakmntm km bj JM[)

Cjnumb _lcmrl Xjbkjj (Kmbm`jkl km bj JM[ mn Hrkloj).

Mndmrcmrj kmb [rjojgl ?9:;6 ;7 ::-::?_mkjhhan

_msucmn km bj Glrnjkj lr`jnazjkj plr bj JM[ mn Hrkloj (Jprab ;, ?9:;)


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Enfermería del Trabajo, volumen 4, número 3, 2014

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