Energy Technologies

Prof MP PooniaDirector, NITTTR (India)

Energy is all around you! You can hear energy as sound. You can see energy as light. And you can feel it as wind.

Nature of Energy

Nature of Energy

Living organisms need energy for growth and

movement.

Energy can be defined as the ability to do work.

Because of the direct connection between energy and work, energy is measured in the same unit as work: joules (J).

HISTORY

Human race has survived, grown , flourished and prospered on the basis of energy produced , established and utilized .

The invention of fire accidentally proved a major boost for early man to evolve into what we are today

HISTORY

HISTORY

1. The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted on 24 July 1879.

Victoria House, the headquarters of CESC

2. First hydel power project at Darjelling

established in 1897

HISTORY

3. The first hydroelectric power station in J&K was at Baramulla by Maharaja Partap Singh in 1905.

HISTORY

4. Company (B.E.S.T.) set up a generating station in 1905 to provide electricity for the tramway.

5. The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria station and Kurla along the Harbour Line.

HISTORY

The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 2,71,722 MW as of June 2015, the world's fourth largest

Indian Context (contd.)

Indian Context (contd.)

Indian Context (contd.)

Indian Context (contd.)

Facts

India currently suffers from a major shortage of electricity generation capacity, even though it is the world's fourth largest energy consumer after United States, China and Russia

Of the 1.4 billion people of the world who have no access to electricity in the world, India accounts for over 600 million.

Facts

Some 800 million Indians use ls – fuel wood, agricultural waste and biomass cakes – for cooking and general heating needs. These traditional fuels are burnt in  chulha in some parts of India

Facts

Traditional fuel is inefficient source of energy, its burning releases high levels of smoke, PM10, NOX, SOX, PAHs, poly aromatics, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and other air pollutants

Facts

 India's industrial demand accounted for 35%, domestic household 28%, agriculture 21%, commercial 9%, public lighting and other applications accounted for the rest.

Facts

1. India's manufacturing sector is likely to grow faster

2. Domestic demand will increase more rapidly as the quality of life improve

3. About 125,000 villages are likely to get connected electricity grid

4. Currently blackouts and load shedding suppresses demand;

Facts

There are two types of energy in world on the basis of there sources

and production cycles .

THERMAL POWER

Thermal power plants convert energy rich fuel into electricity and heat.

Possible fuels include coal, natural gas, petroleum products, agricultural waste and domestic trash / waste.

• Thermal power accounted for about 59% of India's installed capacity.

• India's electricity sector consumes about 80% of the coal produced in the country.

On average, the Indian power plants using India's coal supply consume about 0.7 kg of coal to generate a kWh, whereas United States thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.

It is The Mundra Thermal Power Plant in Gujrat is world's fifth-largest single location coal-based thermal power plant as well as India's largest operational power plant

NUCLEAR POWER

• India had 5780 MW of installed electricity generation capacity using nuclear fuels

• India's nuclear power plant development began in 1964 by commissioning of two boiling water reactors at Tarapur.

Capacity

• India's is the 15th largest nuclear power producer.

• Nuclear power provided 3% of the country's total electricity generation in 2013.

• India aims to supply 9% of it electricity needs with nuclear power by 2032.

• India's largest nuclear power plant project under implementation is at Jaitapur, Maharashtra in partnership with Areva, France.

BHABHA ATOMIC CENTRE

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER

• India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario, around 41,267 MW installed capacity

The 22,500 MW  in China, the largest hydroelectric power station in the world.

LARGEST MASONARY DAM IN THE WORLD

NAGARJUNA DAM IN KARNATKA OVER KRISHNA RIVER , 1000 MW

Solar energy

25% Use of Renewable

Sources of Energy

SOLAR THERMAL

35

Modern Wind Turbines

Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota

June 19 – 20, 2007 Wind Energy 36

2 MW Wind Turbine

37

Types of Wind Turbines

Small (10 kW)•Homes•Farms•Remote Applications (e.g. water

pumping, telecom sites, icemaking)

Large (250 kW - 2+MW)

•Central Station Wind Farms

•Distributed Power

Intermediate (10-250 kW)•Village Power•Hybrid Systems•Distributed

Power

Offshore Turbines

More wind speeds

Less noise pollution

Less visual impact

Difficult to install and maintain

Energy losses due long distance

transport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aralvaimozhy_station.jpg

June 19 – 20, 2007 Wind Energy 40

Current Trends

• Move towards ever larger machines

• Offshore

• More financial players

• More countries

• Low wind speed turbines (U.S.)

• Green energy and green tags

World’s Largest Wind Mill of 6 MW

The Crown Estate of England

The MagLev – A Magnetically Levitated Wind Turbine

The MadLev is a magnetically levitated wind turbine that can generate one Gigawatt of power (enough to power 750,000 homes) and delivers clean power for less than one cent per kilowatt hour using this wind turbine.There are already several MagLev wind turbines in operation in China

The M.A.R.S. The M.A.R.S. (Magenn Power Air Rotor System) is an interesting device that is capable of harnessing the power of the wind to generate electricity, sending that power down a 330 meter tether rope for consumption. Since the M.A.R.S. is filled with helium, it is capable of flying much higher than other wind turbines in order to gain access to higher wind speeds. The 4.0 kW unit will enter production this year.

Helical Structured Wind

TurbineHelical structured wind turbines are the future of wind mill technology. These sleek looking windmills are designed much like the old ones when it comes to converting their circular motion in to mechanical work, but it is the structural design that makes them unique and special. They logically should function better than the traditional windmills as the helical structures seems to not just utilize the energy of the wind, but maximize it by containing the wind.

Phillipe Starck’s Home Windmill

Made from the same transparent material also used in the very familiar Louis Ghost Chair, these clever contraptions are able to generate 20—60% of a home’s energy needs. In addition to looking like a piece of Gucci jewellery, they are relatively inexpensive.

The Loop wing

It was unveiled in Japan’s Eco-Products 2006 Exhibition. The E1500 model turbine is a home windmill and sports a very unique wing design that operates with low vibration and at wind speeds as low as 1.6 m/sec. The efficiency specs on the turbine are vague — “43% power performance at optimum wind speeds”.

The Highway Turbine

This is a very novel way of re-capturing some of the energy expended by vehicles moving at high speeds on our nations highways. The electricity generated by spinning these turbines could be fed back into the grid. Analysis indicate that based on vehicle speeds of 70 mph each turbine could produce 9,600 kWh per year.

The ‘Nano Skin’ Spiral Twist Wind Turbine

As wind played over the building’s “skin,” the turbines would spin and create energy that would be fed into the building’s electrical grid. They would also absorb carbon dioxide

The ‘Helix’ Wind Turbine

Capable of capturing omni-directional winds to provide quieter, kinder small wind power for home. The Helix is compact, elegant, sophisticated and versatile. It provides smooth power and torque delivery across a broad range of wind speeds and under the most difficult of physical environments. simple to install

The ‘Dutch Windmill Tree’

The proposed mill is shaped like a tree and can hold up to 8 turbines and be as high as 120 meters! The Dutch government feels that tree shaped mills are less intrusive in the flat Dutch landscape than the mill-parks they use.

The ‘Bahrain World Trade Centre’ Turbines

The Atkins designed Bahrain World Trade Center has three 29m-diameter turbine blades on Bahrain’s iconic are integrated on such a scale into a commercial development and are forecast to provide the equivalent of 11-15% of the power for the two towers when fully operational

The Anara Tower - Dubai

Another skyscraper, this time in Dubai and in the shape of a giant wind turbine. Following a global design competition between three Atkins offices – Dubai, Hong Kong and London – Dubai based property developer Tameer holding has decided on the 600meter-plus skyscraper design to be build on the famous Sheik Zayed Road.

Night View of Anara Tower

Wind energy is pollution free and nature

friendly

Wind energy has very good potential and it is

the fastest growing energy source

The future looks bright for wind energy

because technology is becoming more

advanced and windmills are becoming more

efficient

CONCLUSIONS

Thanks