UCSD Physics 12

Energy Supply and Consumption OverviewEnergy Supply and Consumption Overview

Sources and UsesSources and Uses

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Spring 2013 2

The Global Energy SceneThe Global Energy Scene

• Global energy production is about 480 QBtu/yrGlobal energy production is about 480 QBtu/yr– a QBtu is a quadrillion Btu, or 1015 Btu

– so about 51020 J per year (1 Btu is 1055 J)

• U.S. share is about one fifth of this (10U.S. share is about one fifth of this (102020 J) J)– 1996 value in book (1st edition) is 93 QBtu/year

– 2003 value in second edition is 98.3 QBtu/year

– 2011 number from E.I.A. is 97.3 Qbtu/year (recession)

• 10102020 J/yr = 3 J/yr = 310101212 W W– divided by 300 million people (3108) = 104 W per

person (10 kW)

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Spring 2013 3

Reminder: how do we stack up?Reminder: how do we stack up?

world average = 10 bbl/yr

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Spring 2013 4

• More Countries

• Logarithmic scale

• Fills in the gaps

• 1971 data

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Spring 2013 5

The Fall of the Work AnimalThe Fall of the Work Animal

• Used to rely completely on Used to rely completely on animals for transportationanimals for transportation

• Trains entered the picture in Trains entered the picture in the mid-1800sthe mid-1800s

• Cars entered the scene in a Cars entered the scene in a big way around 1920big way around 1920

• World has never been the World has never been the samesame

• Work animal fell off the map Work animal fell off the map around 1940around 1940

• Today automotive is over Today automotive is over 95% of the story95% of the story

UCSD Physics 12Global Amounts and trendsGlobal Amounts and trends

• Doubled energy use in 36 years: 2% growthDoubled energy use in 36 years: 2% growth– Mtoe is million tons oil equivalent: 1 toe is 39.7 MBtu

• Fraction in fossil fuels went from 87% to 81%Fraction in fossil fuels went from 87% to 81%– still a fossil-dominated world: renewables are tiny

Spring 2013 6graphic from IEA: Key World Energy Statistics

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Spring 2013 7

Evolution of Energy SourcesEvolution of Energy Sources

2.7% growth line in red

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Spring 2013 8

U.S. Consumption in 2003U.S. Consumption in 2003

SourceSource AmountAmount QBtuQBtu PercentPercent 10101818 Joules Joules

CoalCoal 1.081.08101099 tons tons 22.622.6 23%23% 23.823.8

Natural GasNatural Gas 21.821.810101212 ft ft33 22.522.5 22.9%22.9% 23.723.7

PetroleumPetroleum 6.726.72101099 bbl bbl 39.139.1 39.8%39.8% 41.341.3

NuclearNuclear 757757101099 kWh kWh 7.977.97 8.1%8.1% 8.48.4

RenewablesRenewables 578578101099 kWh kWh 6.156.15 6.3%6.3% 6.56.5

TotalTotal 98.398.3 100%100% 103.7103.7

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Spring 2013 9

U.S. Consumption in 2011U.S. Consumption in 2011

SourceSource AmountAmount QBtuQBtu PercentPercent 10101818 Joules Joules

CoalCoal 1.091.09101099 tons tons 22.222.2 23.0%23.0% 23.423.4

Natural GasNatural Gas 23.523.510101212 ft ft33 23.523.5 24.3%24.3% 24.824.8

PetroleumPetroleum 5.95.9101099 bbl bbl 33.533.5 34.6%34.6% 35.335.3

NuclearNuclear 790790101099 kWh kWh 8.268.26 8.5%8.5% 8.78.7

RenewablesRenewables eclectic mixeclectic mix 9.249.24 9.6%9.6% 9.79.7

TotalTotal 96.796.7 100%100% 101.9101.9

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Spring 2013 10

From Energy Information Agency Annual Energy Review, 2011

compare to Figure 1.5 in book (2003 numbers)

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• Hydroelectric pretty tapped outHydroelectric pretty tapped out

• Biofuels and wind ascending, now at ~2% and 1%, resp.Biofuels and wind ascending, now at ~2% and 1%, resp.

• ““Other” contains geothermal, solar, and waste reprocessingOther” contains geothermal, solar, and waste reprocessing

• Dominant renewables are old technologyDominant renewables are old technology

Spring 2013 11

(U.S.)

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Spring 2013 12

U.S. Consumption vs. ProductionU.S. Consumption vs. Production

policy change

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Spring 2013 13

Where is our energy produced, and of what flavor?Where is our energy produced, and of what flavor?

based on 2003 data

UCSD Physics 12Energy By Source and Sector, 2011Energy By Source and Sector, 2011

Spring 2013 14source EIA AER 2011, Section 2

UCSD Physics 12

Interpreting the Spider WebInterpreting the Spider Web

• The stacks themselves are straightforwardThe stacks themselves are straightforward– the left-hand stack you’ve already seen in other forms

• The connecting lines indicate % use of each branchThe connecting lines indicate % use of each branch– for instance, 93% of transportation comes from petroleum, 3%

from natural gas, 4% from renewables

– meanwhile, 71% of energy from petroleum goes to transportation, 23% in industry, 5% directly in homes, 1% for electricity

• Nuclear is Nuclear is all all for electricity, and coal mostly sofor electricity, and coal mostly so– almost half of electricity comes from coal

• Petroleum is primarily for transportationPetroleum is primarily for transportation

• Natural gas is the most versatile, followed by renewablesNatural gas is the most versatile, followed by renewables

Spring 2013 15

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Spring 2013 16

LessonsLessons

• Our energy production is completely dominated Our energy production is completely dominated by fossil fuels: 81%by fossil fuels: 81%– nuclear and hydroelectric make up much of the balance

• Part of our enormous appetite is due to the Part of our enormous appetite is due to the expanse of our country: transportation is importantexpanse of our country: transportation is important

• Space heating is also an issue in a country where Space heating is also an issue in a country where detached houses are the ruledetached houses are the rule

• Any industrial society (at our current scale) is Any industrial society (at our current scale) is going to have a large demand for energygoing to have a large demand for energy

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Spring 2013 17

References & AssignmentsReferences & Assignments• Energy Information Agency Annual Energy ReviewEnergy Information Agency Annual Energy Review

– http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/index.cfm • International Energy Agency Key World Energy StatisticsInternational Energy Agency Key World Energy Statistics

– http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,31287,en.html

• A recent amazing book:A recent amazing book:– Sustainable Energy—without the hot air, by David MacKay– www.withouthotair.com (get book for free!)– see 10-page synopsis for quick-read/intro

• Another worthy book: Another worthy book: ENERGY: A GuidebookENERGY: A Guidebook, by Janet , by Janet Ramage (more global perspective)Ramage (more global perspective)

• AssignmentsAssignments– Quiz #1 ready on TED, due by 11:59 PM tonight– Read Chapter 2– Homework #2 to be found on the web: get an early start!