Energy Storage in Chicago - ASHRAE€¦ · Energy Storage in Chicago Lowering Peaks to Reduce...
Transcript of Energy Storage in Chicago - ASHRAE€¦ · Energy Storage in Chicago Lowering Peaks to Reduce...
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Energy Storage in Chicago Lowering Peaks to Reduce Utility Bills
1
Evan Berger Director of Energy Solutions, North America
Calmac Corp. [email protected]
November 2017
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Utility Bill Basics 1. There are three ways to lower electric costs:
a) Buy fewer units of energy.
b) Purchase it when it’s cheaper, at night.
c) Negotiate a better rate with your 3rd party supplier.
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Utility Bill Basics 2. Commercial Rates are Different than
Residential Rates:
a) Residential Rates are based solely on usage (kWh)
b) Commercial Rates are based on a mixture of usage (kWh) and Demand (peak kW).
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Utility Bill Basics 3. Rates and tariffs are complicated. Why? A few possible* reasons come to mind—
a) Lawyers write them
b) Regulators dislike plain English
c) The less customers know about their electricity bills, the more utilities and Third-Party Suppliers can possibly* earn more money at their expense
*Note: pure speculation
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Demand Charges
Types of Demand Charges: 1. Utility Demand Charges 2. Grid Demand Charges (from PJM,
NYISO, etc.)
Definition: any electricity charge that is assessed on a per-kW basis
Note:moreo)enthannot,GridDemandChargesare“blended”inThirdPartySupplierbillsandthusnotvisibletothecustomer;we’lldiscussthisissueatgreatlengthlaterinthepresentaDon
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Let’s Look at John’s ComEd Bill—
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Nonresidential Sample Hourly Supply Bill
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Nonresidential Sample Hourly Supply Bill
Altogether, Demand makes up 44.6% of the pre-tax bill
Note: view in slideshow mode
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Utility Demand Most buildings have a “bell shaped” load curve
• U"litydemandisbasedoffthepeakinterval(30mins)inagivenbillingmonth• Alwaysoccursontheho?estweekdaya@ernoons–coolingsetsthepeak
MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday88◦89◦86◦92◦86◦
0 kW
200 kW
400 kW
600 kW
800 kW
1,000 kW
1,200 kW
1,400 kW
Traditional Cooling
Typical Office Building
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Calculating GRID Demand IntroducingtheGrid–PJMInterconnec3on
• PJM is the world’s largest grid, covering 13 states from the Mid-Atlantic all the way down to North Carolina and over to Illinois
• PJM schedules the reliable flow of power from generators to consumers – and charges customers for the service
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PJMCapacityChargesarebasedonacustomer’sPeakLoadContribu"on(PLC);itiscalculatedbasedonthecustomer’sconsump"onduringthefivehighesthoursoftotalGriddemand(kW)duringthepreviousyear.Theseareknownasthe5CPs–thefiveCoincidentPeakHours
Calculating GRID Demand
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The5CPshavealwaysoccurredduringSummera?ernoonsCalculating GRID Demand
5CP Chart, 2010-2016
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
July 25, 3-4pm
July 20, 4-5pm
June 17, 5-6pm
July 15, 5-6pm
July 5, 3-4pm
June 8, 4-5pm
July 6, 4-5pm
July 27, 4-5pm
July 28, 4-5pm
June 18, 4-5pm
July 16, 4-5pm
July 6, 4-5pm
July 19, 4-5pm
July 7, 4-5pm
August 10, 4-5pm
July 29, 4-5pm
July 1, 5-6pm
July 17, 4-5pm
July 16, 4-5pm
July 20, 4-5pm
July 23, 4-5pm
Aug. 11, 3-4pm
Aug. 17, 2-3pm
Sept. 5, 3-4pm
July 18, 4-5pm
July 17, 4-5pm
July 21, 4-5pm
Aug 10, 4-5pm
Aug. 12, 3-4pm
Sept. 3, 4-5pm
July 22, 5-6pm
July 19, 2-3pm
July 18, 2-3pm
July 22, 2-3pm
Aug 11, 4-5pm
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PJMDemandChargesareRatchetedRatcheted:OnceyousettheDemandkW,itstaysatthatlevelonyourbillforafullyear.Note: Some utility Demand Charges are also ratcheted
Calculating GRID Demand
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Comparison: Traditional Cooling vs. Load Shifting
• Compared to a 350 ton chiller, Thermal Storage plus a 190 ton chiller yields $15,000 in annual savings
• Much of the savings comes from the winter months, when they benefit from reduced PJM ratchet costs
Results derived by Trace700
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The Demand Charge Effect ComEd Very Large Load Delivery Class, Secondary Energy (usage):
Day: $0.045/kWh Night: $0.045/kWh
Demand: $11.70/kW/Month
How big an effect is the Demand Charge??
Energy is 61% less expensive at night
$0.045/kWh
$0.116/kWh
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Demand Charge Effect….. Do the Math (Back of the Envelope) Conventional Chiller System Demand Cost /month
1000 tons x 0.8 kW/ton = 800kW 800 kW x $11.70 = $9,360/month
Energy Usage for Chiller for Month
1000 tons x 10 Hrs x 75% x 0.8 kW/ton x 22 days/month = 132,000 kWh
Approximate Cost for Demand / kWh
$9,360/132,000 kWh/month = $0.071/kWh
Therefore Daytime Energy = 4.5 cents + 7.1 cents = 11.6 cents/kWh
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Base Load
LightingFans
Pumps
[CATEGORY
NAME]Chiller
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000
Peak Load 1500 kW
The Role of Energy Storage Most typical buildings have a “bell shaped” load curve
kW
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0
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1000
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1800
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Base Load
LightingFans
Pumps
[CATEGORY
NAME]Ice Cooling
Ice
Peak Load 1200 kW
Chiller
The Role of Energy Storage Storage flattens out the peak and reduces demand charges
Ice-Making
kW
Across the U.S., ice storage is all about reducing demand chargesIn Chicago, shaving 300kW would save over $30,000 per year.
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When Would you Fill-up?
Daytime
$ 2.50/gallon
Nighttime
$ 0.99/gallon