Energy ResourcesEnergy ResourcesChapter 6Chapter 6

Fossil FuelsFossil FuelsRenewable Sources of EnergyRenewable Sources of Energy

Nuclear EnergyNuclear EnergyEnergy ConservationEnergy Conservation

Fossil Fuels - VocabularyFossil Fuels - Vocabulary Combustion – The burning of a fuel.Combustion – The burning of a fuel. Fossil fuels – An energy-rich substance (such as Fossil fuels – An energy-rich substance (such as

coal, oil, or natural gas) formed form the remains coal, oil, or natural gas) formed form the remains of organisms.of organisms.

Hydrocarbons – A compound that contains Hydrocarbons – A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms.carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Reserves – A known deposit of fuels.Reserves – A known deposit of fuels. Petroleum – Liquid fossil fuel; oil.Petroleum – Liquid fossil fuel; oil. Refinery – A factory where crude oil is separated Refinery – A factory where crude oil is separated

into fuels and other products.into fuels and other products. Petrochemicals –Compound made from oil.Petrochemicals –Compound made from oil.

Fossil Fuels – Main IdeasFossil Fuels – Main Ideas A fuel is a substance that A fuel is a substance that

provides a form of energy as a provides a form of energy as a result of a chemical change.result of a chemical change.

Energy can be converted from Energy can be converted from one form to another.one form to another.

The three major fossil fuels are The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels release more These fuels release more energy when they are burned energy when they are burned than most other substances than most other substances do.do.

Because fossil fuels take Because fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources.nonrenewable resources.

Fossil Fuels – ReviewFossil Fuels – Review

Explain how fuels provide energy.Explain how fuels provide energy.Name the three major fossil fuels and Name the three major fossil fuels and

briefly describe them.briefly describe them.Explain why fossil fuels are classified as Explain why fossil fuels are classified as

nonrenewable resources.nonrenewable resources.List 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of List 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of

natural gas as an energy source.natural gas as an energy source.

Renewable Sources of Energy - Renewable Sources of Energy - VocabularyVocabulary

Solar energy – Energy from the sun.Solar energy – Energy from the sun. Passive solar system – A method of converting Passive solar system – A method of converting

solar energy into heat without pumps or fans.solar energy into heat without pumps or fans. Active solar system – A method of capturing the Active solar system – A method of capturing the

sun’s energy and distributing it using pumps and sun’s energy and distributing it using pumps and fans.fans.

Hydroelectric power – Electricity produced using Hydroelectric power – Electricity produced using the energy of flowing water.the energy of flowing water.

Biomass fuel – Fuel made from living things.Biomass fuel – Fuel made from living things. Gasohol – A mixture of gasoline and alcohol.Gasohol – A mixture of gasoline and alcohol. Geothermal energy – Heat from Earth’s interior.Geothermal energy – Heat from Earth’s interior.

Renewable Sources of Energy – Renewable Sources of Energy – Main IdeasMain Ideas

Solar energy is plentiful and renewable, and Solar energy is plentiful and renewable, and does not cause pollution. However, a backup does not cause pollution. However, a backup energy source is needed.energy source is needed.

Because the sun causes winds and drives the Because the sun causes winds and drives the water cycle, wind power and water power are water cycle, wind power and water power are considered indirect forms of solar energy.considered indirect forms of solar energy.

Biomass fuels, geothermal energy, and Biomass fuels, geothermal energy, and hydrogen power are other renewable energy hydrogen power are other renewable energy sources that are currently in limited use.sources that are currently in limited use.

Renewable Sources of Energy – Renewable Sources of Energy – Review QuestionsReview Questions

What is solar energy?What is solar energy?How are the energy of wind and flowing How are the energy of wind and flowing

water related to solar energy?water related to solar energy?How are active and passive solar heating How are active and passive solar heating

systems different?systems different?List 3 examples of biomass fuel.List 3 examples of biomass fuel.What limits the use of geothermal energy?What limits the use of geothermal energy?

NucleusNucleus

Nucleus of an atomNucleus of an atom

Nuclear Energy - VocabularyNuclear Energy - Vocabulary

Nucleus – The central core of an atom that Nucleus – The central core of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons.contains the protons and neutrons.

Nuclear fission – The splitting of an atom’s Nuclear fission – The splitting of an atom’s nucleus into smaller nuclei.nucleus into smaller nuclei.

Reactor vessel – The part of a nuclear Reactor vessel – The part of a nuclear reactor where nuclear fission occurs.reactor where nuclear fission occurs.

Fuel rods – Uranium rod that undergoes Fuel rods – Uranium rod that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor.fission in a nuclear reactor.

Nuclear Energy - VocabularyNuclear Energy - Vocabulary

Control rods – Cadmium rod used in a Control rods – Cadmium rod used in a nuclear reactor to absorb neutrons from nuclear reactor to absorb neutrons from fission. fission.

Meltdown – A dangerous condition caused Meltdown – A dangerous condition caused by overheating inside a nuclear reactor.by overheating inside a nuclear reactor.

Nuclear fusion – The combining of 2 Nuclear fusion – The combining of 2 atomic nuclei into a single larger nucleus.atomic nuclei into a single larger nucleus.

Nuclear Energy – Main IdeasNuclear Energy – Main Ideas

Nuclear reactions include fission reactions Nuclear reactions include fission reactions and fusion reactions.and fusion reactions.

In a fission reaction, and atom’s nucleus is In a fission reaction, and atom’s nucleus is split into 2 smaller nuclei and two or more split into 2 smaller nuclei and two or more neutrons, releasing energy.neutrons, releasing energy.

In a nuclear power plant, the thermal In a nuclear power plant, the thermal energy released form controlled fission energy released form controlled fission reactions is used to generate electricity. reactions is used to generate electricity.

Nuclear Energy – Review Nuclear Energy – Review QuestionsQuestions

How can the energy released in a fission How can the energy released in a fission reaction be used to produce electricity?reaction be used to produce electricity?

Explain the purpose of control rods.Explain the purpose of control rods.Give 2 reasons that people have not been Give 2 reasons that people have not been

able to use nuclear fusion as an energy able to use nuclear fusion as an energy resource.resource.

Energy Conservation - VocabularyEnergy Conservation - Vocabulary

Energy conservation – The practice of Energy conservation – The practice of reducing energy use.reducing energy use.

Efficiency – The percentage of energy that Efficiency – The percentage of energy that is used by a device to perform work.is used by a device to perform work.

Insulation – Building material that blocks Insulation – Building material that blocks heat transfer between the air inside and heat transfer between the air inside and outside.outside.

Energy Conservation – Main IdeasEnergy Conservation – Main Ideas

To avoid an energy shortage in the future, To avoid an energy shortage in the future, people must find new energy sources and people must find new energy sources and conserve available fuels now.conserve available fuels now.

Insulation keeps a building from losing Insulation keeps a building from losing heat to, or gaining heat from, the outside.heat to, or gaining heat from, the outside.

Energy Conservation – Review Energy Conservation – Review QuestionsQuestions

What are 2 ways to make energy What are 2 ways to make energy resources last longer?resources last longer?

Explain how putting insulation in a building Explain how putting insulation in a building conserves energy.conserves energy.

How does carpooling conserve energy?How does carpooling conserve energy?