Energy Planning and Development for Central New ... - CNY RPDB · 15/04/2009 · April 15, 2009...

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Energy Planning and Development for Central New York

Central New YorkRegional Planning & Development Board

April 15, 2009 Board Meeting

Chris Carrick, Senior PlannerCNY RPDB Energy Program

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Topic Overview

Background and Context~ National to Regional Energy Challenges ~ National, State and Local Level Energy Planning

Review of Energy Initiatives and Projects~ Energy Conservation and Efficiency ~ Hydro/Nuclear~ Wind – Small and Utility Scale ~ Solar~ Bio-digestion~ Bio-mass

Useful Information and Incentives

CNY RPDB Energy Program~ Public Education~ Outreach and Training~ Energy Planning~ Project Development

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Projection100 Q Btu/yr in ’05 to 131 Q Btu/yr in ‘30

The Facts

USA has 5% of worlds population and uses about 25% of the worlds energy

70% of global emissions from energy plants

Oil imports 60%(up from 25% in 1973)

- 13 M barrels/day at $300 B annually

10 of last 15 yrs hottestin recorded history

Source: Union of Concerned Scientists, 2006

US Energy Consumption

4New York Independent System Operator (NYISO)

Energy Sources – Electric Generation

U.S. 2005 New York State 2005

GAS & OIL 26%

COAL 14%

WIND <1%

HYDRO 18%

NUCLEAR -27%

OTHER 2%

GAS 12%OIL 1%

US DOE EIA Annual Energy Review 2005

6% Renewable Energy86% from Fossil Fuels 19% Renewable Energy

53% from Fossil Fuels

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NYS Annual Average Electric Commodity Prices 1998 – 2006(National Grid Residential & Farm Service Class)

$0.024

$0.034$0.045

$0.052

$0.048

$0.064

$0.061

$0.082

$0.071

$0.00

$0.01

$0.02

$0.03

$0.04

$0.05

$0.06

$0.07

$0.08

$0.09

$0.10

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

$/kW

h

Source: www.nationalgrid.com

Annual Avg. Electric Commodity Prices, 1998-2006Plus : Delivery and other charges ~ $.04/kWh

Source: EIA, 2007

Avg. retail price of electricity for commercial

customers, July 2007 (NY=16.7cents kWh)

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Central New York Energy Use 1997-2008

• Information for the CNY RPDB area has to be derived from a mix of sources – NYISO data for the Central Region covers a much larger area

• The accompanying map gives a snapshot of the region’s load on a day in October, 2008. The tabletraces the growth in energy usage in the various regions over a ten year period

• The Central region has had a stable usage level over this period, increasing by only 4% since 1997

• The West region - Buffalo -experienced a 13% decrease in usage while NYC had a 19% increase

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National and State-Level Energy Planning

Kyoto Protocol suggested targets for the US : 7% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2012.Obama AdministrationGovernor Paterson’s “45 by 15” ProgramUS Council of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement – more than 600 mayors have signed on nationwide

ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection

• Albany, NY - Gerald Jennings• Armonk, NY – Reese Berman• Babylon, NY - Steve Bellone• Bedford, NY – Lee V.A. Roberts• Binghamton, NY Matthew T. Ryan• Brighton, NY – Sandra Frankel• Brookhaven, NY – Brian X. Foley• Buffalo, NY – Byron W. Brown• Greenburgh, NY – Paul Feiner• Hempstead, NY –Wayne Hall• Hudson, NY – Richard F. Tracy• Huntington, NY – Mark

Cuthbertson• Irvington, NY – Erin Mally• Ithaca, NY – Carolyn Peterson

• Mamaroneck, NY – Valerie M. O’Keeffe • Nassau County, NY – Thomas R. Suozzi• Montebello, NY – Jeffrey Oppenheim• Mount Vernon, NY – Ernest D. Davis• Clarkstown, NY – Alexander Gromack• New Paltz, NY – Terry Dungan• New Rochelle, NY – Noam Bramson• New York, NY – Michael R. Bloomberg• Niagara Falls, NY – Vince V. Anello• Oneonta, NY – John S. Nader• Red Hook, NY – Lisa Pullaro• Rochester, NY – Robert Duffy• Rockville Centre – Eugene J. Murray• Saratoga Springs, NY – Valerie Keehn• Schenectady, NY – Brian Stratton• Syracuse, NY – Matthew J. Driscoll• Tompkins County, NY – Tim Joseph• Utica, NY – Timothy Julian

• Warwick, NY – Michael J. Newhard• Westchester, Co., NY – Andrew J. Spano• White Plains, NY – Joseph M. Delfino• Yonkers, NY – Phillip A. Amicone• Yorktown, NY – Linda Cooper

1. Provides a blueprint for any city to follow to implement profitable solutions and reduce emissions.

2. CCP is ICLEI's flagship program and has been designated as the official implementation mechanism for cities that are signatories to the US Mayors Climate Protection Agreement.

3. Participation in the program is open to all ICLEI members.

4. ICLEI annual membership dues include access to software with technical assistance and all aspects of CCP participation. 88888

ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection

1. Conduct baseline emissions inventory and forecast

2. Adopt an emissions reduction target

3. Develop a Local Action Plan

4. Implement policies and measures

5. Monitor and verify results

Five Step Planning ProcessProgram Description

Albany

Babylon

Buffalo

Cooperstown

Greenburgh

Huntington

Ithaca

Mount Vernon

New Rochelle

New York City

Red Hook

Saratoga Springs

Schenectady Co.

Oneonta

Suffolk Co.

Syracuse

Tompkins Co.

Westchester Co.

New York StateMembers

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NYSERDA Focus on Local Government Sustainability Initiatives

Provide Resources for developing a sustainability initiative

Provide Technical Review of Carbon Inventory

Help in Establishing Target Energy Use Reductions

Assist the LGSI committee in writing a local action plan

Coordinate implementation through NYSERDA programs for green buildings, new construction and major renovations, Flex Tech Master Planning services, and Loan Fund Municipal Lease financing

Available Services

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Energy Planning – Useful Resources

NYSERDA Local Government Sustainability Initiatives Websitewww.nyserda.org/programs/Green_Buildings/local_gov.asp

NYSERDA: Charle-Pan Dawson 518-862-1090 x. 3244

Cities for Climate Protection, ICLEI www.ICLEI.org

US Council of Mayors Climate Protection Agreementwww.coolmayors.com

www.usmayors.org

EPA Green Communities Programhttp://www.epa.gov/greenkit/index.htm

http://www.iclei.org/

• Brattleboro, VT – pop. 16,000– Climate Action Plan (2003)

• Claremont, CA – pop. 37,000– Sustainable City Plan (2008)

• Boulder, CO – pop. 92,000– Sustainable Energy Plan (2008)

• Austin, TX – pop. 650,000– Smart Growth Initiative (1999)

• Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, MA – pop. 608,000– Pioneer Valley Clean Energy Plan (2008)

• Assoc. of Monterey Bay Area Gov’ts, CA – pop. 748,000– Monterey Bay Regional Energy Plan (2006, 2008 update)

• San Diego Association of Gov’ts, CA – pop. 2.3 million– Energy 2030: The San Diego Regional Energy Strategy (2006)

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Local-Level Energy Planning

• Hydroelectric facilities– Mill Street dam first site developed (1973)– North Division Street dam commissioned (1992)

• Auburn Public Power Authority– Energy Program begun by Mayor Paul Lattimore; City Council established Local Law #1 (1980)– Mayor Tim Lattimore begins Public Power Task Force; voters approve referendum to create the Auburn

Municipal Power Agency (2005)– Cayuga County Public Utility Service

• Geothermal– Mayor P. Lattimore solicits DOE & NYSEDA funding in early 1980s– Memorial City Hall – NYCOM Local Gov Achievement Award (2004)– Police and Fire Station

• City Landfill Gas-to-Energy Project – Currently producing over 200 million cubic feet/year of quality

gas – 42% methane– City cost avoidance of ~$800k/year

• NYPA Energy Conservation Project – $5.35 M budget – energy audit of all

municipal facilities and Energy Master Plan– est. savings of $250k/year 12

Local-Level Energy Planning: Auburn, NY

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Energy Efficiency & Conservation

www.nwcommunityenergy.org/biogeo/efficiency

www.arun.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=241

www.getenergysmart.org

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Homeowners, businesses and municipalities can reduce their energy consumption and costs

and help the environment

Energy Efficiency – use of technologies that improve thework output of a unit of energy (i.e. kWh, therm, gallon of fuel oil)

Technologies: CFLs, LEDs, Energy Star high efficiency appliances

Energy Conservation – simply using of less energy i.e. night setback thermostats,Measures: Insulation, weather stripping, reduce travel, turning the lights off!

Several NYSERDA incentive programs available depending on type of project:

– Home Performance with Energy Star– Energy Audit Program & Flex Tech– Technical Assistance – PON 1197– Existing Facilities Program – PON 1219– New Construction Program – PON 1222– Commercial Lighting Program – PON 1059– Industrial Process & Product Innovation

Program – PON 1276

NYPA programs for municipal efficiency projects:

– Energy Services Program (ESP) provides energy-efficiency improvements, with no up-front costs, to public schools and other government facilities

– Low-cost financing for muni and rural electric coops

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Energy Use in the Residential Sector


Residential use comprises

1/3 of U.S. energy

consumption.

NYS total energy cost = 30 Billion dollars.Residential users cost = 17 Billion

(more than 50%)

Many opportunities to decrease this amount

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Office Buildings Energy Use


Plug-Load Equipment Usually Accounts for More Than 20 Percent of the Electric Use in Offices and 900 kWh or $80 per Office Employee Annually

Computers & monitorsFax machines

PrintersCopiers

Small power suppliesScanners and multi-

function devices

Vending machinesTask lighting

Large coffee machinesWater coolers

Large refrigeratorsSpace heaters

Speakers

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Standard incandescent light bulbs (your standard domestic light bulb – old technology) burn electricity to heat a filament until it glows white and produces a bright light. Approximately 90% of the electricity used to power regular light bulbs is lost to heat. Lifespan ~ 800 - 1000 hours. Cost $.50 ea.

Compact fluorescent bulb (CFL) produces more light when comparedwith a regular bulb of the same wattage - approximately 4 times as much.Lifespan ~ 10,000 hours. Cost ~ $2.00 ea. (costs 4x more - lasts10x longer)

Incandescent CFL40W 60W

100W150W

10W15 – 18W20 – 25 W

32W

100W incandescent on for 6 hrs/day for 365 days uses 219 kWh and costs $32.85/yr22W CFL on for 6 hrs/day for 365 days uses 48.18 kWh and costs $7.23/yr

$25.62 Savings (at $.15/kWh)

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National Impact of Energy Efficiency

Efficiency; Structural

Change

1970-2003New Energy

Supplies

2020

Municipal Energy Efficiency – City of Syracuse

• Street Lighting – 16,101 Luminaries – MV to HPS– Energy Savings - $75,751.00 annually – 2,525,025 kWh saved, 996 tons of eCO2

• Traffic Signals– 354 locations – 10,050 incandescent lights to LEDs– Reduced energy by 90%, 3,351,583 kWh, 1,324 tons

of eCO2 (NOx – 3,014 lbs., Sox – 9,203 lbs., VOC – 419 lbs., PM10 – 2,781 lbs.)– $537,435.00 NYSERDA Rebate

• City Hall Commons– 592,794 kWh saved– NYSERDA Rebate $137,203.00

• Parking Garages– Retrofitted lighting in 4 City Parking Garages– 256,664 kWh saved, 106 tons of eCO2– NYSERDA Rebate $25,000.00

• City Hall– 548,121 kWh saved– NYSERDA Rebate $108,975.00– Designated as an ALL GREEN Building – uses 40% hydro, 40% biomass, 20% wind

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Municipal Energy Efficiency – Onondaga County

• Municipal Lighting Project• Thirteen County facilities have been retrofitted with brighter and more

energy efficient lighting.• Motors Project

• Many motors and drives have been replaced with highly efficient equipment at ten County facilities.

• HVAC Improvements Project• Contracted with Carrier as ESCO• Includes miscellaneous HVAC projects at the 911 Center, Center for

Forensic Sciences, Downtown Tunnels, Jamesville Correctional, Onondaga Community College, Alliance Bank Stadium, Water Environment Protection - Baldwinsville/Brewerton/Meadowbrook, and the Rosamond Gifford Zoo.

As of 3/14/07 total electricity saved for all projects could power 1,838 and heat 677 CNY homes

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Energy Efficiency & Conservation: Useful Resources

The Place to StartResidential - Homeowners and Renters:• NYSERDA Home performance program

www.getenergysmart.org

Non-Residential – Farms, Business, Commercial, Municipal:• NYSERDA Energy Audit Program

http://www.nyserda.org/programs/energyaudit.asp

http://www.getenergysmart.org/

http://www.nyserda.org/programs/energyaudit.asp

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Why Renewable Technologies? – Part of the Solution

Economically Beneficial – Less high-cost fossil fuel imports* – Renewable and unlimited ‘local’ fuel – Less energy price volatility*– Jobs – Financial incentives* – Improved overall reliability

Environmentally Friendly – Displaces electricity from fossil fuels – Lower emissions*

* Key drivers for new technology adoption

Photo Courtesy of SUNY ESF

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Renewable Technologies in Central New York

Hydropower Wind Power

– Utility scale & Small wind Biodigestion– Farm-based, Regional, Landfills

Biomass – Crops & Power generation fuel

Central Upstate NY uses all of these technologies and more,and is a region recognized nationally as a leader in the

adoption of renewable energy technologies

Photo Courtesy of ETM Solar WorksPhoto Courtesy of NYSERDA

Biofuels– Ethanol (corn, woody biomass, soy)– Biodiesel

Solar Energy

Nuclear

District Cooling

• Hydroelectric Power– NY produces more hydroelectric power than any other state east of the

Rockies• Salmon River• Oswego River• St. Lawrence River• Robert Moses Niagara plant – one of the largest in the world

• Nuclear Power– 4 CNY power plants – 6 reactors

• James A. Fitzpatrick (Oswego)• Indian Point (Westchester Co.)• Nine Mile Point (Oswego)• R.E. Ginna (Rochester)

– NY ranks 4th among 31 states with nuclear capacity

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Renewable Technologies in Central New York

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Wind Power Potential in NY

NYS Ranked 15th in US for Wind Power- 7080 MW potential

- 62 million MWh annually

(328 feet)

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Data is from http://www.awea.org/

U.S. Utility-Scale Wind Energy Development

• Decreasing cost of wind energy • Escalating cost of conventional energy• Government mandates (i.e. RPS)• Net metering • Grant & incentives • Opportunity for self-funded installation• Learning / career opportunities• Environmental stewardship

Drivers in NYS

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Madison Windpower, LLC

Fenner Windpower, LLC

Maple Ridge Wind Farm

County Madison Madison Lewis

Town(s) Madison FennerMartinsburgHarrisburgLowville

Developer(s), Owners & Operators PG&E Canastota Wind

Power, LLC Horizon Wind / PPM

Number of Turbines 7 20 195

Project Area (Acres) 120 1,536 21,000/23sq. mi.

Hub Height 67 m (220’) 65 m (213’) 79 m (260’)

Rotor Diameter 66 m (217’) 70.5 m (232’) 82 m (270’)

Total Height 100 m (330’) 100 m (330’) 120m (395’)

Turbine Size / Manufacturer

1650 kWVestas V66

1500 kWGE Wind

1650 kWVestas V82

Max. Capacity (MW) 11.55 30 321

Est. Annual Energy (MWh) /Approx. Capacity Factor

24,000 /24%

89,000 /34%

876,000 /31%

Equivalent Est. Homes served @ 6000 kWh/yr. 4,000 14,830 144,500

Utility-Scale Wind Power Development in Central New York

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Future Utility-Scale Wind Development in Central New York

What is Happening in NY?1,274 +/- MW installed capacity in NYS

9,000+ MW in NYISO queue

NYISO Queue as of 2/5/09 (partial listing)Queue Date SP Type/ Location InterconnectionPos. Owner/Developer Project Name of IR (MW) Fuel County/State Point Utility

113 Windfarm Prattsburgh, LLC Prattsburgh Wind Park 4/22/02 55.5 W Yates, NY Eelpot Rd-Flat St. 115kV NYSEG

119 ECOGEN, LLC Prattsburgh Wind Farm 5/20/02 79.5 W Yates, NY Eelpot Rd-Flat St. 115kV NYSEG

127A Airtricity Munnsville Wind Farm, LLC Munnsville 10/9/02 40 W Madison, NY 46kV line NYSEG

135 UPC Wind Management, LLC Canandaigua Wind Farm 5/30/03 82.5 W Ontario, NY Avoca 230kV line NYSEG

141 Flat Rock Wind Power, LLC Flat Rock Wind Power 8/27/03 321 W Lewis, NY Adirondack-Porter 230kV NM-NG

142 Airtricity Developments, LLC Hartsville Wind Farm 10/30/03 50 W Steuben, NY Bennett-Palmiter 115kV line NYSEG

144 Sheldon Energy, LLC High Sheldon Windfarm 2/18/04 112.5 W Wyoming, NY Stolle Rd-Meyer 230kV NYSEG

147 NY Windpower, LLC West Hill Windfarm 4/16/04 37.5 W Madison, NY Oneida-Fenner 115kV NM-NG

150 Reunion Power, LLC Cherry Valley Wind Power 6/17/04 70 W Otsego, NY Marshville - Sharon 69kV NM-NG

152 Moresville Energy LLC Moresville Energy Center 7/23/04 99 W Delaware, NY Axtell Road-Grand Gorge 115kV NYSEG

155 Invenergy NY, LLC Canisteo Hills Windfarm 9/17/04 148.5 W Steuben, NY Bennett-Bath 115kV NYSEG

156 PPM Energy/Atlantic Renewable Fairfield Wind Project 9/28/04 120 W Herkimer, NY Valley-Inghams 115kV NM-NG

157 BP Alternative Energy NA, Inc. Orion Energy NY I 10/12/04 100 W Herkimer, NY Watkins Rd.-Inghams 115kV NM-NG

160 Jericho Rise Wind Farm, LLC Jericho Rise Wind Farm 10/12/04 79.2 W Franklin, NY Willis 115 kV NYPA

161 Marble River, LLC Marble River Wind Farm 12/7/04 84 W Clinton, NY Willis-Plattsburgh WP-1 230kV NYPA

166 AES-Acciona Energy NY, LLC St. Lawrence Wind Farm 2/8/05 130 W Jefferson, NY Lyme Substation 115kV NM-NG

168 Dairy Hills Wind Farm, LLC Dairy Hills Wind Farm 2/8/05 120 W Wyoming, NY Stolle Rd.-Meyer 230kV NYSEG

169 Alabama Ledge Wind Farm, LLC Alabama Ledge Wind Farm 2/8/05 79.2 W Genesee, NY Oakfield-Lockport 115kV NM-NG

171 Marble River, LLC Marble River II Wind Farm 2/8/05 132.3 W Clinton, NY Willis-Plattsburgh WP-2 230kV NYPA

172 Noble Environmental Power, LLC Clinton Windfield 2/14/05 79.5 W Clinton, NY Willis-Plattsburgh WP-2 230kV NYPA

173 Noble Environmental Power, LLC Bliss Windfield 2/14/05 72 W Wyoming, NY Arcade Substation 115kV Village of Arcade

174 Noble Environmental Power, LLC Altona Windfield 2/14/05 99 W Clinton, NY Willis-Plattsburgh WP-1 230kV NYPA

175 Noble Environmental Power, LLC Ellenburg Windfield 2/14/05 79.5 W Clinton, NY Willis-Plattsburgh WP-2 230kV NYPA

Notable Projects in CNYTCI Renewables in Cortland Co. – 45 turbines (90MW)

Shell Wind in Cayuga Co. – current status?

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Wind Power Project – Lifecycle

Operations & Maintenance 20+ yrs.Construction ~1 yr.Development 1-3 yrs.

Financing & Agreements

Operations & Maintenance

Local Planning & System Design

Feasibility of Candidate Sites

Permitting

Construction

Decommissioning

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Wind Power Project – Lifecycle

Feasibility of Candidate AreasProspecting:• Wind Resource Potential

– AWS Truewind base maps

• Minimum average annual wind speed: 6.0 m/s (about 13.4 mph)- Meteorological study

• Land – availability, quantity, access, terrain, slope, elevation

• Access to Transmission: line voltage, distance, trunk line, available capacity

Community Litmus:Local government interest

Community acceptance

Wind Power Curve

Meters/Second(GE 1.5 MW Turbine brochure)

Cut-in Speed~ 9 mph

Cut-outSpeed

~ 53 mphRated Speed~ 29 mph

• Production Tax Credit– 2.1cents/kWh– In-service deadline December 12, 2012

• Business Energy Investment Tax Credit– 30% on total expenditures (no cap) – ONLY turbines 100kW or less

• U.S. Treasury Department Grant– 30% on total expenditures (no cap) – ONLY turbines 100kW or less– Federal, state and local government bodies, non-profits, qualified energy tax credit

bond lenders, and cooperative electric companies are not eligible to receive this grant– Partners or pass-thru entities for the organizations described above are also not eligible

to receive this grant– Grant applications must be submitted by October 1, 2011– U.S. Treasury Department will make payment of the grant within 60 days of the grant

application date or the date the property is placed in service, whichever is later. – U.S. Department of Treasury has not yet released guidelines and is not accepting

applications currently for this grant. It is expected that guidelines will be released in late Spring 2009.

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Utility-Scale Wind Power Project – Financial Incentives

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On-Site Wind – Benefits & Cautions

Reasons for Small Wind Development• Energy independence / outage back-up

• Reduce energy price vulnerability

• Potential energy savings from 50 – 90%

• Reduced air pollution from electricity produced from fossil fuels

• Free fuel source

• Fiscal incentives Reasons to be Cautious• Safety

• Wind resource variability

• Intermittent fuel source

• Visual objections

• Unfavorable impacts

• Unfamiliar venture in CNY

• No established/well-known standards yet

http://www.skystreamenergy.com/skystream/_images/photos/22-baldino_3.jpg

http://www.skystreamenergy.com/skystream/_images/photos/18-skystream-solar-home2.jpg

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On-Site Wind Development: What is the Potential?

One of two 6-foot-tall turbines atop the garage roof of Chris Beaudoin’s San Francisco home that will be

hooked to the power grid.

Turbines at Logan International Airport in Boston produced fewer kilowatt hours than anticipated in May and June.

Jodi Hilton for The New York Times

Wind turbines installed atop a new building in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The canopies stretched overhead act as a bird shield.

Robert Stolarik for The New York Times

Noah Berger for The New York Times

A wind turbine dominates the Dundalk Institute of Technology (Ireland).

Steven R. Knowlton for The New York Times

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On-Site Wind Development in Central New York

There are several on-site wind power systems in operation or in the development stage in upstate New York, including:

• a 250kW Fuhrlaender system that produces 20-25% of the electricity used at Harbec Plastics, a small custom-injection molding company in Ontario (Wayne County)

• a 10kW Warner system that will off set the electricity purchased by Paul de Lima Company, a coffee distributor located in Cicero (Onondaga County)

• a $3 million (approximately 1.5MW) wind system recently approved by voters for the Sodus School District in Sodus (Wayne County)

250 kW turbine at Harbec Plastics in Ontario, New York

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On-Site Wind… New York State Incentives

NYSERDA - PON 1098 applications accepted through 12/31/09

NYS Renewable Portfolio Standard (Customer - Sited)25% of NY energy from renewable resources by 2013 (currently @ 19%)

- Adopted: 2004 by NY PSC, NYSERDA selected as administrator- Two Tiers: ‘Main’ and ‘Customer-Sited’ (<300 kW ‘behind-the-meter’) - RPS surcharge: starting 10/5/05 a volumetric charge on utility bills- Key Expectation: 12 Million MWh of new renewable generation by 2013

Incentive: $45 mil. to Customer-sited tier thru ‘09 (10% for small wind development)NYSERDA program for RPS is under development

Net MeteringAugust 2008 law in New York requires utilities to provide net metering for:

- biogas projects at farms (500kW or less) - residential photovoltaic systems of 25 kW or less- non-residential photovoltaic systems of 2 MW or peak load

residential wind turbines of 25 kW or smaller farm-based wind turbines of 500 kW or smallernon-residential wind turbines of 2 MW or peak load

For all other applications, utilities are not required to provide net metering at this time

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On-Site Wind… Federal Incentives

Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit

• Credit of 30% of qualified expenditures for a system that serves a U.S. residence – does nothave to be the taxpayer’s principal residence

• Expenditures are treated as made when the installation is completed – if installation is on a new home, the "placed in service" date is the date of occupancy by the homeowner

• Expenditures include labor costs for onsite preparation, assembly or original system installation, and for piping or wiring to interconnect a system to the home

• No maximum credit for systems placed in service after 2008 – maximum credit is $500 per half kilowatt, not to exceed $4,000, for systems placed in service in 2008

• Systems must be placed in service on or after January 1, 2008, and on or before December 31, 2016

Federal Business Energy Investment Tax Credit

• Credit is equal to 30% of expenditures, with no maximum credit for small wind turbines placed in service after December 31, 2008 (maximum credit is $4,000 for eligible property placed in service between October 3, 2008 and January 1, 2009)

• Eligible small wind property includes wind turbines up to 100 kW in capacity

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NYSERDA Renewable Programs• www.powernaturally.org• www.powernaturally.org/programs/wind/toolkit.asp

AWEA (America Wind Energy Association)• www.awea.org/smallwind.html• www.awea.org

AWS Truewind• www.awstruewind.com

US Department of Energy • www.eere.energy.gov/de/wind_power.html• www.nrel.gov/wind/• www.nrel.gov/wind/smalltur.html• www.eren.doe.gov/erec/factsheets/wind.html• www.eren.doe.gov/power/consumer/

US EPA • www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/index.htm

Wind Power – Useful Resources

http://www.powernaturally.org/

http://www.powernaturally.org/programs/wind/toolkit.asp

http://www.awea.org/smallwind.html

http://www.awea.org/

http://www.awstruewind.com/

http://www.eere.energy.gov/de/wind_power.html

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/smalltur.html

http://www.eren.doe.gov/erec/factsheets/wind.html

http://www.eren.doe.gov/power/consumer/

http://www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/index.htm

393939

Solar Energy – What Is It?• Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the

sun. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewable energy on Earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available solar energy is used.

• Solar power technologies provide electrical generation by means of heat engines or photovoltaics. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight.

– Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, with electrical or mechanical equipment, to convert sunlight into useful outputs.

– Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

Jodi Hilton for The New York Times

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Solar Energy – Can It Really Work in Central New York?

Drivers in NYS

• Renewable Portfolio Standard (w/ DG set-aside)

• Good incentives

• Above average cost of electricity

Installed PV capacity in MW

4141414141


• It does in Germany!– Same climate, solar radiation

as England (worse than CNY)– Germany is the world's top PV

installer, accounting for almost half of the global market in 2007

– Country feed-in tarriff requires utilities to pay customers a guaranteed rate for any solar power they feed into the grid

– Germans installed about 1,300 megawatts of new PV capacity in 2007, up from 850 megawatts in 2006, for a cumulative total exceeding 3,830 megawatts

– Solar power now meets about 1 percent of Germany's electricity demand, a share that some market analysts expect could reach 25 percent by 2050

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Waldpolenz Solar Park, 40 MW, the world’s largest

thin-film PV system

Germany’s largest PV power plants

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Juwi_PV_Field.jpg

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Solar Energy – Model Municipal Projects

Butte County, CA

• 6,360 Sharp 185-watt panels (made in Memphis, TN)• Total system cost $8.4 M

CPUC Rebate $4.2 MCEC Loan $3.2 MButte County Investment Pool Loan $1 M

• Cost savings in 2004 was $317,000/year (13.2 year payback on $4.2 M)• Assuming 40-year system life, net cost savings would be $8.5 M• Performance Challenges

Minimum effort required for construction mgmt.Sizing and energy useInterruptionsWeather Dust/maintenance

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Solar Energy – Municipal Projects in New York

Town of Greenburgh

• One of 12 municipalities in New York State that received a NYSERDA grant funded photovoltaic solar project for Town Hall projects

• Panels were installed on March 28, 2006, and the town celebrated with a dedication ceremony and energy conservation fair on Saturday, May 13th

• City’s Energy Conservation Coordinator organized the event with a special ribbon cutting ceremony for the Town Hall’s new solar electric system

The Town of Hempstead

• In 2005 the town received a NYSERDA-administered $260,000 grant to install 256 40kW photovoltaic panels on the southern face of the Hempstead Town Hall

• The solar PV system powers a part of the building’s heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.

• It is estimated that the solar system will savethe town $19,000 annually in energy costs.

• The town of Hempstead offers residents educational classes and information sessions about solar energy.

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Rules

• First come/first served

• Won’t be approved for systems already installed

• Available only to Eligible Installers; must be passed on to customer

• Must be installed by Eligible Installer

• PV system capacity cannot exceed 110% of historical electricity usage

Incentives

Residential – $3.00 per watt up to the first 4 kW and $2.00 per watt after the first 4 kW up to a maximum of 8 kW per site/meter.

Commercial – $3.00 per watt up to the first 40 kW and $2.00 per watt after the first 40 kW up to a maximum of 80 kW per site/meter.

Not-for-Profit - $5.00 per watt up to the first 25 kW up to a maximum of 25 kW per site/meter.

Solar Energy – New York State Incentives

NYSERDA’s New York Energy SmartSM

PV Incentive Program (PON 1050)

• Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) – tradable commodities that bundle the “attributes” of renewable energy generation

• Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) – federal tax credit to bondholders in lieu of interest – additional $1.6 billion in ARRA

4646

Solar Energy – Municipal Financing Mechanisms

Round I: $800 million to 610

projects

Source: IRS Source: IRS

Round II: $477 million to 312

projects

• Third-party Power Purchase Agreement – instead of owning system, public entity hosts a system that is paid for and owned by a taxable entity

474747


48

• Property Tax Assessment Model – pioneered by Berkeley, CA Financing Initiative for Renewable and Solar Technology (FIRST) Program, followed by Boulder, CO

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4949

Biomass – What Is It?

Biomass ResourcesAny plant derived organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes, municipal wastes, and other waste materials. Handling technologies, collection logistics and infrastructure are important aspects of the biomass resource supply chain. Can be used at a variety of different scales and for a variety of different purposes.

BiopowerUse of biomass to generate electricity. Technologies include co-firing of biomass in existing coal fired boilers as well as gasification.

BiofuelsA variety of fuels can be made from biomass resources, including liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane.

Biobased chemicals and materialsCommercial or industrial products, other than food and feed, derived from biomass feedstocks. Biobased products include green chemicals, renewable plastics, natural fibers, and natural structural materials. Many of these products can replace products and materials traditionally derived from petrochemicals.

Current Situation in New York

Gasoline Use 4,737 million gal.

Diesel Use 1,416 million gal.

Total Cellulosic Biomass 4.8 million dry T

Total Crop Biomass 1.3 million dry T

E85 Stations 6

Biodiesel Stations 7

Ethanol Plants 2

Ethanol Production Capacity 164 million gal.

Biodiesel Plants 3

Biodiesel Production Capacity 13 million gal.

505050

Biomass – Resources in NY

http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/sabre/big_map.php

51

Biodigesters (anaerobic digestion) use bacteria to breakdown manure (and other waste stocks) in an oxygen free environment to produce biogas. Biogas typically contains 60 – 70% methane (CH4) and 30 – 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) and other trace gases (i.e. hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur containing compounds, water vapor).

Products:Solids (compost, bedding material)Liquids (which can be used for soil amendments and fertilizer). Methane gas (can be used for electricity generation, heating and cooking).

- CH4 has 21 times more global warming potential than CO2.

Biodigestion – What is it?

Diagram Source: EPA AgSTAR program; Managing manure with biogas recovery systems, www.epa.gov/agstar

52

ProsEnvironmentally beneficial

• Water quality protection• Reduced Greenhouse gas emissions

(CO2, CH4)Odor controlUseful by-products Waste to energy for use or saleReduces fossil fuel use / energy costsDevelopment incentivesRenewable energy source

ConsLarge capital investmentFinancial risk Safety of methane storage & use (odorless / colorless / explosive)Non-methane gas by-products inhibit performance and can be harmfulNot a core business to farmsConsistent operations is difficultFailure rates

Biodigestion – Is It Economical?

• There are currently hundreds of operational farm-based systems in Europe, but only about 121 in the U.S. as of December 2008, according to U.S. EPA estimates

• U.S. facilities produced 218 million kilowatt-hours of electricity and reduced methane emissions by 35,500 metric tons

• While the past several years have seen remarkable growth in the construction of these systems, the number of currently operational anaerobic digesters represents only a small fraction of the estimated 7,000 systems deemed feasible at dairy and swine operations nationwide

• Collectively, these facilities could potentially produce up to 6 million megawatt-hours per year and displace about 700 MW of fossil fuel-powered electrical generation 5353

On-Farm Bio-digester Projects: What is the Potential?

Denmark Digestion Facility

Farm/Project Name City County

Digester Type

Year

O

pera

tiona

l

AnimalType

Population

Feeding Digester

Biogas End Use(s)

Installed Capacity

(kW)

System DesignerBaseline System

Methane Emission

Reductions (metric tons

CH4/yr)

Methane Emission

Reductions (metric tons

CO2E/yr)

Patterson Farm Auburn Cayuga

Complete Mix 2005 Dairy 1760 Cogeneration 250

RCM International, Inc.

Storage Tank or Pond or Pit 88 1,849

Ridgeline Farm Clymer Chautauqua

Complete Mix 2001 Dairy 525 Cogeneration 130


Storage Tank or Pond or Pit 34 722

Sheland Farms Adams JeffersonComplete Mix 2007 Dairy 555 Cogeneration 125

Siemens; Stearns & Wheeler; Stanley A. Weeks, LLC


AA Dairy Candor TiogaHorizontal Plug Flow 1998 Dairy 600 Cogeneration 130



EL-VI Farms Newark WayneHorizontal Plug Flow 2004 Dairy 1500

Boiler/Furnace Fuel

Ted Peck; Stanley A. Weeks, LLC


EmerlingFarms Perry Wyoming

Horizontal Plug Flow 2006 Dairy 1200 Cogeneration 230



New Hope View Farm Homer Cortland

Horizontal Plug Flow 2001 Dairy 850

Cogeneration; Boiler/Furnace Fuel 70 Inc.

RCM International, Storage

Lagoon 171 3,590

NoblehurstFarms York Livingston

Horizontal Plug Flow 2003 Dairy 1300 Cogeneration 130 Cow Power


Sunny Knoll Perry WyomingHorizontal Plug Flow 2006 Dairy 2220 Cogeneration 230


SUNY at Morrisville Morrisville Madison

Horizontal Plug Flow 2007 Dairy 325 Electricity 50 Engine

Cow Power; Tiryering


Twin Birch Dairy Owasco Cayuga

Horizontal Plug Flow 2003 Dairy 1900

Cogeneration; Boiler/Furnace Fuel 120 Anaerobics


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Central New York Active Bio-digester Projects

55

On-Farm Bio-digester Project: Patterson Farms (Cayuga Co.)

• Digester cost > $1.5 million • Received $1.2 million in grants

– NYSERDA – USDA Rural Development

• Save ~$80,000/year in electricity – Half of that or more spent on oil, repairs, labor

• Receive $0.06/gallon of food waste tipping fees

• 2005-2008 carbon credits worth $14,300

Carbon Credits don’t pay for Odor Control Project. But so far, in itself, has had a 46% ROI

Project Description

56

Are there current waste management issues at individual farms?- water quality (nutrient loading) and/or odor complaints- available space or current system problems

Location of a community system- nearby loads - commercial users of electricity and heat - accessible to main roads- NIMBY issues

A new business entity – but requires ownership/oversightO&M jobs potential – other community benefitsMaterial handling of outputs (solids and liquids)

- potential reuse by farms for fertilizer and beddingPick-up/transport system and agreementsUse of additional feed stocks (organic waste) for input (e.g. food waste)System costsDevelopment incentivesDevelopment risks

Regional Bio-digesters – A Few Considerations

Waste Receiving Building

Waste Transportation and Unloading

575757

Model Regional Digester Projects: California Inland Empire Utilities Agency

58585858

Model Regional Digester Projects: Tillamook Bay Oregon Methane Energy Agricultural District (MEAD)

59

Cayuga SWCD Regional Digester Bioenergy Enterprise

INPUTS

Cow Manure 1,500 cows or 48,000 tons/yr.

Potato Processing Waste

5,300 tons/yr.

Grease Waste 2,400 tons/yr.

OUTPUTS

Renewable Energy

635 kW electricity & 720 kW of Heat

Solid Fertilizer 9,300 tons/yr.

Liquid Fertilizer 11,500 gal/yr.

Source: Eco Technology Solutions ECOTS 2007

Complete Plant Includes:Take-over stationFeedstock pre-treatmentDigesterBiogas conditioning/storageElectric generation stationEffluents processing

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Cayuga County Regional Digester Project

Source: Frank Howe, American Farmland Trust Conference, March 25, 2009

Project Description Twenty mile pipeline

15 or more farms involved

Main pipeline and feeder lines

Biogas piped from biodigesters through pipeline to gas scrubbing facility

Gas scrubbed and sold as natural gas

“The Milky Way”

616161

Bio-digestion – Landfill Gas-to-Energy

1. Higher energy prices make landfill gas cost-competitive, especially compared to other sources of renewable energy.

2. Utilities are looking for new sources of renewable energy to meet renewable portfolio standards, and landfill gas is especially valuable to them because it provides base load power.

3. Demand from consumers for greener energy and many of them are taking part in voluntary programs and are willing to pay more for power derived from renewable sources.

• According to the EPA, every person in the U.S. produces an average of 4.5 pounds of garbage per day• About 50% of the waste generated today is put into municipal solid waste landfills• Landfill gas is produced when microorganisms break down organic material in the landfill, and is comprised of approximately 50-60% methane and 40-50% carbon dioxide.• At most landfills in the United States, these greenhouse gases are simply burned off, or “flared.”

Market Drivers

What Is It?

62626262


6363

Bio-digestion – Landfill Gas-to-EnergyLandfill Methane Outreach Program

http://www.epa.gov/

• In 1994, the EPA formed the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

• According to EPA data, there are currently 425 landfills with LFGTE projects in the U.S. that power more than 1 million homes.

• They estimate that there are about 570 landfills that have the potential to develop LFGTE projects in the future, more than doubling the current amount of energy produced from 1,180 megawatts to more than 2,500 megawatts.

• The EPA requires landfill operators to collect the methane produced on site, so where it is not being used for energy production it is, and will be, flared to prevent the release of greenhouse gas.

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Landfill Methane Outreach Program

http://www.epa.gov/

Landfill Name

Landfill City

Landfill County

Stat

e Waste In Place (tons)

Year Landfill Opened

Landfill Closure

Year

Landfill Owner

Organization

Project Status

Auburn SLF #2 Auburn Cayuga NY 756,000 1992 2010

City of Auburn, NY Candidate

Bristol Hill SLF Fulton Oswego NY 1,200,000 1983 2033

Oswego County, NY Candidate

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Landfill Methane Outreach Program

In the Kyoto treaty on greenhouse gas emissions, methane is considered 21 times as potent as carbon dioxide.

http://www.epa.gov/

666666

Madison County Landfill Gas-to-Energy Project

Description of ProjectFirst joint public-private partnership LFGTE plant in Central New York

Will generate 1.4 megawatts of electricity (enough to power about 1,200 homes) and produce thermal energy that could heat buildings on the site or for future commercial development – RFP

50% of funding for $2.6 million project obtained through nearly $1.3 million in federal grants

Annual reduction of greenhouse gases is equivalent to removing 8,034 cars from the road, reducing oil consumption by more than 102,077 barrels, or planting nearly 9,969 acres of forest

County’s share of the expected revenue from the LFGTE plant will be approximately $9.3 million over the 20 years of the agreement

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ProsRenewable energy resource

- reduce use of fossil fuels- available in large quantities

Locally fuel vs. out-of-state or foreign imports

- benefit to local economy- willow crop opportunity - marginal quality land suitable

Waste to energy for use or salePrices not controlled by single sourceDevelopment incentivesSupport services business potentialYear around supplyReduced crop costs

ConsLarge capital investment & O&M costsRequires operational attention Fuel quality in importantMore emissions than natural gasConsistent operations is difficult

Bioenergy – Is It Viable?

Credit: Daniel Peck

Biomass technologies convert renewable biomass fuels into electricity (and heat) through

direct combustion using modern boilers, gasifiers, turbines, generators, and fuel cells

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Bioenergy – Woody Biomass Feedstocks

Source: SUNY ESF, FOCUS Workshop 2006

Wood residues from primary and

secondary wood manufacturers are

available

Low value wood from forests can

be harvested sustainably

Willow biomass crops can be grown

on underutilized open land

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Bioenergy – Forest Resources in NY


• 18.5 million acres of forest land• 15.4 million acres of timber land• Annual growth 3x greater than harvest• Only 2 pulp mills left in NY, down from 15 in the mid 1980s

Limited markets for low-value trees

Results in poor mgmt• Bioenergy/bioproducts markets will:

Support sustainable mgmntImprove the economic

viability of rural communities

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Bioenergy – Timber Lands within 25 miles of Syracuse


• Over 400,000 acres of timberland

• Potential to sustainably produce over 230,000 dry tons of woody biomass per year

• Enough woody biomass for 30-60 MWe

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Bioenergy – Marginal Agricultural Land in NY


•Over 7.5 million acres classified as agricultural land in NY

•About 1.5-2.0 million acres are under utilized

• Willow biomass could be an alternative crop for farmers and landowners

• Produces rural development and environmental benefits in addition to bioenergy and/or bioproducts

72727272

Bioenergy – Agricultural Lands within 25 miles of Syracuse


• Over 160,000 acres of agricultural land

• Potential to sustainably produce over 80,000 dry tons of woody biomass per year using just 10% of this land

• Enough woody biomass for 10-20 MWe

737373

Bioenergy – Central New York Projects

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Biomass – The Wood-based Biorefinery

Renewable,Sustainable

Bioproducts:Fuels, Chemicals,

Materials

Renewable Resources to “Green” Bio-Products

Biomass Feedstock

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Biodiesel Is:• Renewable

• From crops or animals• Good for rural communities

• Increases the value of agricultural crops• Good for the environment

• Biodiesel is the first and only alternative fuel to have a complete evaluation of emission results and potential harmful effects submitted to EPA under the Clean Air Act

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Biofuels – Biodiesel

What is Biofuels?• Liquid fuels derived from biomass

Biodiesel is Not:• Just filtered grease or oil in your tank

– This would not be chemically changed to adapt to combustion engines

• Smelly– It does not smell like gasoline or diesel fuel

• A fuel that requires special storage tanks– It can be stored wherever diesel fuel is stored

• A fossil fuel– Rather than centuries to change to a fuel, it takes just a few hours

• Wasteful of natural resources– Biodiesel generates 3.2 units of energy for every 1 unit of fossil fuel– Petroleum diesel generates 0.8 units of energy for every unit of fossil fuel

• Harmful to human health or to diesel engines 76

Biofuels – Biodiesel

Destiny USA goes 100 percent biodiesel

http://blog.syracuse.com/news/

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Biofuels – Ethanol

Western NY Energy, LLC Ethanol plant – Shelby, NY

Northeast Biofuels Ethanol plant – Fulton, NY

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Renewable Technologies – NY Financial Incentives

Small Wind for Commercial Farms (NYSERDA)• 800W - >250kW systems up to 60% total installed cost• Contact an ‘Eligible Installer’ see: www.powernaturally.org

Solar Energy (NYSERDA)• $20.6 M authorized by PSC; up to 8kW (residential), 80kW (commercial) and 25kW (non-profit) systems funded at 40 – 45% total installed cost• Contact an ‘Eligible Installer’ see: www.powernaturally.org

NY Energy Smart Loan Fund (NYSERDA)• Up to 4% interest rate reduction• Contact a ‘Participating Lender’ see: www.nyserda.org/lenders

Tax Incentives Energy Smart Loan Fund (NYSERDA)• 4% NY Sales tax on solar, Income tax credit of 25%, Property tax exemption

NY Renewable Portfolio Standard (PSC/NYSERDA)• Customer-sited Renewable Techs @ $45 mil. thru 2009 i.e. install cost buy-down

Net Metering – reversing the meter and selling excess energy back to the utility• Solar <25kW (residential), <2MW (non-residential); Biodigestion (farm) <500kW, Wind <25kW (residential), <500kW (farm), <2MW (non-residential)

NYS Department of Agriculture & Markets

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Online Resources – Financial Incentives

Established in 1995, the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency is an ongoing project of the North Carolina Solar Center and the Interstate Renewable

Energy Council (IREC) funded by the U.S.

Department of Energy.

http://www.energy.gov/index.htm

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Online Resources – NYSERDA and ARRA

8181

Online Resources – U.S. DOE and ARRA

Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program

– Congress appropriated $3.2 billion for the EECBG Program, most of which (nearly $2.7 billion) will be distributed through formula grants available now - nearly $1.9 billion is available to cities and counties.

– The balance includes approximately $455 million for competitive grants, which will be awarded through a separate Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) coming soon.

– The application due date for cities, counties, and Indian tribes eligible for direct formula grants from the DOE is June 25, 2009 at 8:00:00 PM Eastern Time.

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Financial Incentives Available through ARRA

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Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant ProgramFunds can be used community wide, not only for government owned facilities and infrastructure. The following activities are eligible:

Development of an Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy. Residential and Commercial Building Energy Audits. Financial Incentive Programs and Mechanisms for energy efficiency improvements such as

energy savings performance contracting, on-bill financing, and revolving loan funds. Grants to nonprofit organizations and governmental agencies for the purpose of performing

Energy Efficiency Retrofits. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Programs for Buildings and Facilities. Development and Implementation of Transportation Programs to conserve energy. Building Codes and Inspections to promote building energy efficiency. Energy Distribution Technologies that significantly increase energy efficiency, including

distributed resources, combined heat and power, and district heating and cooling systems. Material Conservation Programs including source reduction, recycling, and recycled content

procurement programs that lead to increases in energy efficiency. Reduction and Capture of Methane and Greenhouse Gases generated by landfills or similar

waste-related sources. Energy efficient Traffic Signals and Street Lighting. Renewable Energy Technologies on Government Buildings. Any other appropriate activity that meets the purposes of the program and is approved by DOE.

Financial Incentives Available through ARRA

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CNY RPDB Energy Program – NYSERDA Central NY Energy $mart Communities Coordinator

• Public Education– NYSERDA Incentive and Loan Programs– Over 150 private and public meetings, outreach or

media events, reaching more than 1,500 individuals in 2008

• Outreach and Training– outreach to the business community, to

homeowners and renters, to the building professional community, to students, and to public officials

• Energy Planning– County and municipal committees– Comprehensive Plans

• Project Development– Community wind – Regional bio-digester– Willow energy crop– Naturally chilled water

Central NY Energy $mart Communities

Syracuse Chamber of Commerce Business Show at the NYS Fairgrounds,

April 2, 2009.

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Questions?Thank You for Your Attention

For Further Information Contact:Chris CarrickSenior Planner

CNY Energy $mart Communities Coordinator(315) 422-8276 ext. 213

[email protected]

Energy Planning and Development for Central New ... - CNY RPDB · 15/04/2009 · April 15, 2009...

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Transcript of Energy Planning and Development for Central New ... - CNY RPDB · 15/04/2009 · April 15, 2009...