Energy on the Oceans Topic
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Transcript of Energy on the Oceans Topic
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ENERGY ON THE OCEANS TOPICDEBATING AND UNDERSTANDING ENERGY POLICY
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OVERVIEW
• Oil & Natural Gas• Offshore Wind• Ocean Energy• OTEC, Tidal Power, etc.
• Methane Hydrates• Additional Offshore Energy
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OIL AND NATURAL GAS
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OIL & NATURAL GAS: SIMILARITIES
• Hydrocarbon: a substance that contains only carbon and hydrogen• Oil & Natural Gas are often found together in underground
reservoirs• Reservoirs: rock formations that hold oil, natural gas or both
within their pores.
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OIL BASICS
• What is oil used for?• Transportation fuels (gasoline,
diesel, etc.)• Plastics• Asphalt• Fertilizer• Heat• Some electricity
• Who produces oil? (Top 5)• Russia• Saudi Arabia• United States• Iran• China
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OIL ECONOMICS
• Supply: the total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers
• Demand: how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers
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OIL GEOPOLITICS
• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)• Members: Iraq, Kuwait, Iran,
Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola
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OIL ADVANTAGES
• Oil Independence• Oil Prices• Economic Growth
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NATURAL GAS BASICS
• What is natural gas used for?• Heating• Cooking• Electricity• Chemical Feedstocks
• Who produces natural gas? (Top 5)• United States• Russia• European Union• Iran• Canada
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NATURAL GAS MARKETS
NATURAL GAS PRICES• Prices differ regionally• Natural gas is exchanged in
regional markets
OIL PRICES• Sold at one price, all over
the world• Exchanged in a global
market
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NATURAL GAS GEOPOLITICS
• There is no “OPEC” of natural gas• However, the EU is highly
dependent on Russia for natural gas• Creates foreign policy
constraints
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NATURAL GAS ADVANTAGES
• Warming• Natural Gas Exports• Natural Gas Prices
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OIL & NATURAL GAS: NEGATIVE POSITIONS• Environment DA• Oil Prices DA• Natural Gas Prices DA
• Military DA• Politics DA• Onshore CP
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OFFSHORE WIND
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CURRENT STATE OF OFFSHORE WIND
• Widespread development in Europe• Investment beginning in the
United States, but lack of incentives/regulatory certainty• Coastal Zone Management
Act (CZMA)
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OFFSHORE WIND: ADVANTAGES
• Warming• Economy• Federalism
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OFFSHORE WIND: NEGATIVE POSITIONS
• Case Turn: Wind Increases CO2• Politics DA• Budget DA• Environment DA
• Electricity Prices DA• Onshore CP• Free Market CP
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MARINE ENERGY
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OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC)• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGwsvuxuK7g• Works best in areas with
large difference in ocean temperatures, such as Hawaii
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CURRENT STATE OF OTEC DEVELOPMENT
• Fully operational OTEC plant opened in Japan in 2013• Technical and cost challenges remain
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OTEC: ADVANTAGES
• Warming• Economy• Desalination• Hydrogen Production
• Chill-Soil Agriculture• Aquaculture• Mineral Extraction
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OTEC: NEGATIVE POSITIONS
• Budget DA• Politics DA• Electricity Prices DA• Environment DA
• Land-Based CP• EIS CP
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WAVE POWER
• Uses waves to generate electricity• Projects in Portugal and
Oregon• Environmental issues
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TIDAL POWER
• Uses the power of the tide to create electricity• May not be topical,
depending on the type of tidal power• Environmental issues
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OCEAN CURRENT POWER
• Uses ocean currents to generate electricity• Least developed type of
ocean energy
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METHANE HYDRATES
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WHAT ARE METHANE HYDRATES?
• Methane hydrate: a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice• Found in sea-floor sediments
and arctic permafrost
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CURRENT STATE OF METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION• Test drillings in Canada and
Japan• Becoming cost-effective• Seen as a potential
breakthrough source of energy
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METHANE HYDRATES: ADVANTAGES
• Warming• Economy• Energy Leadership• Arctic/Russia
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METHANE HYDRATES: NEGATIVE ARGUMENTS• Warming DA• Technical/Solvency Issues
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ADDITIONAL ENERGY TYPES
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FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS (FNPP)• Russia has invested in FNPPs• New 2014 solvency
advocates• Potential advantages
include: Warming, Desalination, Hegemony• Environment DA
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UNDERSEA COAL GASIFICATION
• Coal gasification• Syngas: fuel gas mixture
consisting of hydrogen and natural gas• Warming Advantage?• Pollution DA
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OFFSHORE SOLAR
• Currently being developed in Japan• Technology is not very
advanced, not a likely affirmative
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MARINE ALGAE BIOFUELS
• Algae biofuels are typically freshwater• Marine algae biofuels are
possible but underdeveloped