Energy levels in medium weight nuclei from the (p, n) reaction. · Calhoun: The NPS Institutional...
101
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1951 Energy levels in medium weight nuclei from the (p, n) reaction. Lovington, Joseph Arthur Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://hdl.handle.net/10945/14147
Transcript of Energy levels in medium weight nuclei from the (p, n) reaction. · Calhoun: The NPS Institutional...
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive
Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection
1951
Energy levels in medium weight nuclei from the (p,
n) reaction.
Lovington, Joseph Arthur
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
http://hdl.handle.net/10945/14147
a s School
Monterey, California
n
lb ,
,
(itlil
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TSOnfOZAOT
• 4 •
Energy Levels I .. uion
By Joseph /.rthur Lovington
**ics lathe Department of rhysles on -taty 15, 1951
The neutron yields from the react (p»«) end
Cr (p,n) were Investigated tt*i&| &onoenergatic protons
from the ISttMlff1 1 •! Generator, VM target isotopes were
obtained In m tional Labo*
rstory and evaporated onto tantalum backings to form thin
targets of known thickness. flt>ill< M and Instru-
ments were used Lfl ftiM and counting of the neutron
yield. Plots of the neutron yield as a function of proton
energy ihom numerous resonances which are considered to in-
dicate the existence of wi&Tp,y levels in Mm compound nu-
olei MM and War** The spacing of these levels is quite
Irregular and only average v&iues of the I I be de-
termined. The observed level spacing or the two oompound
nuclei 1 | energies relative to
certain characteristic levels recently described. The tea?*
is observed to have a level tjMMl larger than
the Mn^. This difference in n be qualitatively
accounted for by .-,iostulatint nu.it :l plat; levels whose multi-
plicity is based on quantum of orbi-
tal and intrinsic angular momentum*
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- 12 -
PtgMT* IT-1
TImi aario&ad Cr-^ eurva flbawt | mi .
yield fror> I '!>alow
oo
oCO
o(X) o
o
(SlMOnnOOr// SlNflOO ) Q13IA NOUlfGN
m 14 *
WifeJi
20 K.VT !/,F^JT
':
70|
I | l | l | l
1
60 n 54 .. 54 /Cr (p,n) Mn /
m THRESHOLD MEASUREMENT /
5o WITH 6
_i
O 50o
-20 KEV TARGET /
-
CO
1 40o
- -
Q_lLU
>: 30 -o /
ff o
-
NEUTRON
O - -
10-
BACKGROUND
-
~~~i \~~V~ 1 i 1 i 1 , 1
2.190 2.210
PROTON ENERGY (MEV)
2.230
16 -
51j get mi«
of Gtr * w "3 sJtiows the re-
sults _ .308
l.**v. ?ts larger it sta-
tistlet.
am se«m SI -.umtss of the »•;;
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practical fc# m
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Mil i#wi 31 4.?
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Cr (p,n) MnTHRESHOLD MEASURMENT
WITH20KEV TARGET
O.I-
__ —®-
BACKGROUND WITH
BARE TANTALUM TARGET
J_ _L ±1.390 1.400 1.410 1.420
PROTON ENERGY (MEV)
1.430
- 19
of the levels are poorly deJ . arsntly
overlap so that they 14* level, the
•vera&iaft prooe*& tanas to miaiiai&e these uncertainties.
1/2 mxtmrn ere often
distorted by Mm fjrlaffrlMg •* •&• isvalSo To properly
see sox'e widths , isolated resonant '. he used* Qf
that the natural nuclear rssoaenss asm be ssuah
the %stf| the nor*
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seas (FI)« H this m fei he
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get thickness mi observed i&vel s, • If shown
54by the comparison ox yisldj fs rent
thickness target & (a open.I
that ap-
peared asysasstr ;"
:
«sr*
get.
It may he pointed oat that if a v l distri-
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condition* my exist* < > .«hara
W is the reeolu'. • instrument „ ¥ha observed level
•peeing for the three MM ill be (1 * -
(?,' ^ Be Unatame ti .'" Is elMH *»l iff
is *. 300 ev (Seotlon conclude :^ion
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•xiolfsolllooa Oji* JohdojoIovoo lo oieJi aaliffiiJnoo • at eia
-to© •i»o£oci XiA ftorfoooiqqo oo#o.oooa ^Iloioao* ©dJ ,*©y©woH
ft* ©caiJ aMMU ••loJaoaofcUJl hwwbi ol»*
-ooo d ( ) flOlJoao* i.eloiJi* a oi #otfT (a)
lo Jrt©/H*o.;©lml ai. qu-lfieid Mod* oomol ©2 ©^©Ioikj hnuoq
| aclSmiol lo OOO* ©4*
-no a BMUm Jfilx© *©** ©I©?©! X9*o*j© o4J JoiiT id)
2 &oi©/*i© •&***• fll (\XiAlJaoii0qJGO) immhA ©nolo
Jiox© »alitA0t»
©CfcUdxOfti. ool« fyaiOAq© !©*©I xs?©*** «*J ****? lo)
*ol«)
-OAld* uoWoa©* 5a* *fci,yu*.. , Ml« *a©I©*K
od* Aotl \X©4a*»ooa il?**l ootitqaM od mm ool*«o*
; ©Xottiol **©* Ino I iXqia©-JU©a
•loTtil \«%o«o lo golow;
«ad*odv no gaioaoqoo UXoufl fan**) ofiolllft t
»y© so ooo g! ©jsoJoiq on a aooTJooo lo i»d* :
OttOXlJ »*UJLO« OTA* [Ml) Od*©* no© Ulwum t lfrfO«roH
- idfc
fXuotu&tione era difficult to oaae oaa
tt« level spacing at wtoitatioxi anergic a wfcioii &re Utsed on
the ground atfcttttf, I au&geeted instead ttoet t&e
excitation energy be mea&ured fro© & onaraeteristic lav©!
whion de^ada is a efeootn way on tn* number of jsrotona uu&
neutrons In fetot nucleus, .4oh a XeveX Slight oe the
neutron binding energy as from the sejftl-enplrieal
oaes formula sitJ '.van tersu Hurwits MM MHfurther indicate tnet tfct XeveX spacing measured ©t equal
anergics relative to these levels would be expected to b©
the seiaa regerdXsss of the && yti> of tfcg number
of neutrons*
~1 la as energy level die -i.ng those
characteristic levels ( -.Lei
tia7* and HH « energy r&a$aa
investigated in this as. mm naar
these levels, neaee a ianpsjrj a level siloings
would ba expected to jr&tK 1 aaaa fro®
tabXe IV-1 the ratio act;. , tar-
gat data in ttot vlei -.
tha
sXi&htly larger spacing. The agreeisent of tftfi«£j| of the
combated Mlilng ener&lec.
v-x
0#^^^H
toXooi hmm pti
-*** J *Ol l.A
•ill aaZTad ^a ilJhf ,ii iMi» J aloft *•»
•4* lo fU*#?*o 1© taonooi&ft 04T ^-/O.-^fi *otw
figure *•!
ar**§ or54
, ;*i54
*ad
last protu ,f Indioatsd nuol«tusea ooi M smss .formula without oda-«T«n tarir..
/ iaalofetos $1 dapreasio/i ofground ©iirta tzoxi th«a« lavtla*
In fcfela a*B&tohad &r©& li r&a^o iuvaal&i-Villi
M
i4ii
En
F-Th
Cr" tptn
En
S E T n
___, A
Mn-'.n
L_12 3 4I I I I
MEV.
ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM OF Cr" , Cr54
, Mn 54, AND Mn 55
:n * 6 ffcf ••:n55
I MtV 10,1$ Miff
& I CP^ 9»3
Presto© (ft) has point. oesftrrlng ^outran
energy level ftfftftls Iplet levels should
be eoaslftsrec. gfet multiple. :.f-
ferorit J" value® v&lfti ami oe«-»
blastions of Hmj AiffW I • oartdts.1 and
Intrinsic tmipltff MMMfti i a target
neuol^ua .« Willi
^ » 0, 1
Iflp^i Ml
.
I us
5; for iin even ::-o<icL 1 U '
t % ^ 1/2; It
H«moe» other things b*ia& fttjislt .avel ap&oing
of toe former I U&»
It &p$mr3 to b Lftt levels to
overlap ia auolj a M in-
Atfttlfttfttlftftftftle others* jftasifls*
stion would •« -jvel spacing
being greater then unity. It in dltff
Mat* bssftusft tbft itttf
oultiplftt group can be expected I
btriffrto HfatoOH
X-V 914BT
ao%tif& aoXrxaaac o aaftiioq aad '•- ) noli
ftluoria aXaraX *aX$X*£uai lo aanaJaXxa a*W sniouga Xaral i*iaoa
-1XJ> *:U v,d fcaaXaI<jxa *4 r:-o a*aX«X*Xjia a/fl •aa*aMaaoa atf
-j»o Xaoioadaaa wsnatfp ao* ao«t aeiia deJiSw aajiXor I fcaial
6r-> XaJi
*a$ia* «aXaXJi*i £aX&ia4Ao<j ad* *c 0*00*001 20X0300 ©*&•'•
xUXw aac#o«q 3aXdta4iio4 ic
aqoJoaX >uo S two X < V
aa *«ai& a a ad x*
> o* ?oa 7 - ii»vo aa «
iialoaqc XavaX lo oX**i ©ilJ- ,Xeupa *oJaa a»oX4* •xeiMu ,aono>i
•d»i 4* «1 *a»
oj aXavaX laX^HXiat aaa4* *ol aXaZoooq aa o* ataatqa #1
-ni aX <iuoi& *» * i6i,a a 2 qoXiava
-^ab iJloa aXOT •avoitta ad# ocY) aXO«dali»
jAieaqa XaraX lo oXJa* 6or?aado tJ 10I foaoooo aXoov M-**oj> awoft *d a* HualllXb aX /I •x*Xo*r a*rf* i? J***a laXotf
a ': 1 aauooad ovllnJU
aaXatf a taf a* aaloaqsa aa aao .'.jjo«x»> JalqUIioi
of auon low Intensity thi . .
ground.
Baaauaa of the ia»sa>»*&arcy oonaarvation in a auolaur
rotootioa, tiits Hill, ijiytirfl awl aae»e fornula (12) easEty bo uasd
to *aloul&l® tns .; onorjur vmiuo of a rotation. Tna thro«->
hold energy is than raaeUly datar&dnad from t&© q aaargjr*
Tablo V-2 1* a oosiparisen Of the eo&putaA fcaraanold anor-
gios witn tnono maaaurM in tiiia WMfet and provides & onaok
on tna oecuraoy of the mmM &SMs3a«
SaflftfaR.. -sail £ta t'w.fyffl
Taal*
.54/The Brideat MT ar (p,nj in whion onleu-
lotion tna odd»avsn ••••loo.
flsals tera is &aro« Ko*over* *aan ona oon~
aiders tnat 1 ?£ev •* •001074 I- A is not
atriking*
%y TftfflMf
If the saaas of the target nucleus ia ta iaaas
of tha reai&ual nucleus oan be determined fron tue tnraa-
aMffiff of i (ft*] r«aotion#
li iant to
T«*xoiiii » at
:»M*
»aoUo**i (i .•.' • lo xmw bio*
.'.- (01) &&_
Cr53 »
cr54
GMflg
m
MM - rttt
^(54) ~**M$ * .005 ft* * *
It la d©W
53
• '30 -
Al AOajsyugn, . ., .'.., . 1950
32 S&kar, . .I-, et til, P8 £i,
B3 Brtfeft, .. », jlflffflfff*^ ffuajjeag Theoyj . Iley, 1947
B4 tt*t*f • • IGIATRa&otloaa, • . . f wN« '. » so) .., >rt 42
•
of .-leotv -ill, 1949
K&tff, . «
El Hsra&au, . .
.-.
. 5. ..
yl)
-•.« .
I **)
-
tftfttn
pi
'rojeet H m&m
31 Suliiv ;ciea
32 3obo«a?6ld, ,. « • !•» ::#3»
Tfc*i5iB, 1951
wi *Wb*4 , if •»
,
1999
MT, ..... ." ]fe 99 (1949)
[frfimrt
wa» apo&ttdr«a by
*d*
n&no«» r-epsrteant or tfci . Ml ju«relu
M il - Ulftldlag
Project of bttt • olenea und $&s1imm»»«»
lngt il 1& *po&«f»P4Hi ©y the auiwm of
: 9.^8 %& mpr*&» hi* ©p- to
huftamt tlMH -oo>a w&o, &$ tho^is advlaor a e*kT« la*
v&luaoie gviftMfcM to t&l* isork, I i
gar* no freely of fclfl ti&e &ad edvloe l . ..jaritsaa-
I
Mill
the MtoltJ tfcoory, &*id I or*w
for tfttftll ili ...
.
a «xp«riiaikiit»
If: . ::.:. .
- n
ttaloa otherwise lndlftete-.'
Is lass then tii«
dietseter of the olirol^a*
2.0-
8Oo
1.5 -L
NEUTRON YIELD FROM Cr 53 (p,n) Mn 53
PROTON ENERGY « 1.420 -1.620 MEV.
1.400 1450 1.500
PROTON ENERGY - MEV.
- MEV.
NEUTRON YIELD FROM Cr 53 (p,n) Mn 53
PROTON ENERGY 1.620 - 1.870 MEV.
PROTON ENERGY - MEV.
850
RGY - MEV.
Lb1.870
NEUTRON YIELD from Cr 53 (p,n) Mn 53
PROTON ENERGY 1.870 -2.160 MEV.
i i "t i i r rBACKGROUND ,
i r — —i \ _L
1.900 1.950 2.000
PROTON ENERGY - MEV.
2.050 2.100 2.150
- MEV.
L
NEUTRON YIELD from Cr 53 (p,n)Mn 53
PROTON ENERGY 2.160 -2.470 MEV.
_=t—— -1-—t--BACKGROUND
60
40—50
^--t-h-2160 2200 2.250 2.300
PROTON ENERGY -MEV.
_± 1—
T
•i r T"T--1 11 T I I L
2.350 2.400 £450
?rotmx s&trs/t **. 190-2. 4?Q :.:«v#
->5 iWf t&rgtt
(3) 1.5 Ri9 target
;4e error la less I
circles.
60-
50— NEUTRON YIELD FROM Cr 54(p,n) Mn 54
PROTON ENERGY = 2.190 -2.470 MEV
'2.200 2.250 2.300
PROTON ENERGY - MEV.
2.350 2400 2.450
ENERGY - MEV.
E
^30Oo
§20ooQ_JLd>= 10
Ocr
Z>
2200
NEUTRON YIELD FROM Cr 54 (p,n)Mn
PROTON ENERGY = 2.200 -2.470 Mev
TARGET THICKNESS ~ 1.5 Kev
54
2 250 2.300PROTON ENERGY-
2.350ENERGY-Mev.
2400 2.450
JUL 2FE 657
BIUPCRY£4678
I] Lovington15640Thesis
L853
Energy levels ia medium weightnuclei from the (p,n) reaction. *
Library
U. S. Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, California
