Energy in Earth Processes

What is Energy?

Energy: The ability to do work

Everything that is done in the universe – involves the use or transfer of energy.

Types of Energy

EXAMPLES

AT THE TOP OF A SKI SLOPE

WATER BEHIND A DAM

Types of Energy

EXAMPLES

SKIING DOWNHILL

THROWING A BOWLING BALL

WATER FLOWING IN A RIVER

Conduction

Transfer of energy due to collision of molecules. *Mostly in Solids*

Handle on metal frying pan gets hot.

Convection

Transfer of energy caused by differences in density. *In Liquids and Gasses*

Warm, less dense = Rises

Cool, more dense = Sinks

Radiation

Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. *In solids, liquids, gasses and empty space*

-Light energy from the sun. - Microwave

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/lsps07/sci/phys/energy/heattransfer/assets/lsps07_int_heattransfer/lsps07_int_heattransfer_swf.html

Conduction

Convection

What type of Energy Transfer is going on???

Electromagnetic Energy:

- Energy that is radiated in the form of a transverse wave.

-This is how we get energy from the sun.

- Difference between forms of electromagnetic energy is due to size of wavelength.

- Shorter wavelength= more powerful

• http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/ess05_int_irgallery/

• And video

Range of radiation identified by wavelength.

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When ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY (RADIATION) REACHES EARTH it is …

Reflected – bounced back at the same angle they arrived

Scattered – reflected in various directions

Refracted – bent

Transmitted – pass through the material

Absorbed (taken in as heat energy)

Surface Properties and Absorption/Reflection

On a hot summer day, what color clothes do you wear?

dark & rough

light colored & smooth

Absorb Radiation from the sun.

Reflect Radiation from the sun.

Absorb Radiation from the sun.

Reflect Radiation from the sun.

What is a better absorber of radiation???

-Land is a better absorber and radiator of radiation from the sun.

- Most of the time land is darker and rougher then water.

Ex: Dark forest canopy, blacktop.

** A good absorber of energy is also a good Radiator of energy. (Dark and Rough)

The resistance of a material to heating up or cooling off.

Water has a high specific heat. It heats up ____________ and cools off _____________. SLOWLY SLOWLY

1

Heating of Water

Label the following terms in their correct places: condensation, vaporization, solidification, melting.

Heat Energy and Changes of State

1) Melting

The changing of a solid to a liquid

Reference Table page 1

ICE

Heat Energy and Changes of State

2) Solidification: (Freezing)

The changing of a liquid to a solid.

Reference Table page 1

FOG, STEAM

Heat Energy and Changes of State

3) Evaporation, or Vaporization:

The changing of a liquid to a gas, or water vapor.

Reference Table page 1

Heat Energy and Changes of State

4) Condensation:

The changing of a gas, or vapor to a liquid.

Reference Table page 1

Heat Energy and Changes of State

Sublimation:

- The changing of a gas directly to a solid, or from a solid directly to a gas.

- Without going through a liquid state

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/DryIceSublimation.JPG

Properties of Water ESRT pg 1

Changes in state of water.

Transfer of Energy

Dynamic Equilibrium: At dynamic equilibrium a region loses and gains equal amounts of energy.

Example : Temp. remains constant

RADIATION BALANCE

DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

INPUT = OUTPUT

Is global warming changing the balance???????

END