PowerPoint Presentation

Energy, Heat and Heat Transfer

Earth Science Intro Unit@earthscience921What is Energy?EnergyIs the ability to cause changeMany forms of energyTwo general forms of energy areKinetic energyPotential energyI will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.

@earthscience922What is Kinetic Energy?Kinetic EnergyIs the energy of an object that is due to motionAll moving objects have kinetic energyAll particles in matter are in constant motionThe faster the particles move the more kinetic energy they have

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.

@earthscience923What is Kinetic Energy?Kinetic EnergyDepends on mass and speed.Increases as mass increasesIncreases as speed increases

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.

@earthscience924What is Potential Energy?Potential EnergyEnergy an object has due to its position and condition.

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.

@earthscience925What is Potential Energy?Potential EnergyExamples:A ball held above the ground has potential energy because the force of gravity can pull it down.

Stretching a rubber band increases its potential energy because of its condition.

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.

@earthscience926How do particles move?SolidsHeld tightly togetherVibrate in placeLiquidsMove more freelySlide/tumble over each other.GasParticles far apart.Move at high speedsCollisions occur.I will be able to describe how particles of matter move in each state of matter.

@earthscience927How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?TemperatureMeasure of the average kinetic energy of all particles.

Absolute ZeroTemperature at which the motion of particles stop.Not possible to reach it.I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience928How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?TemperatureCooler LiquidsMove SlowerLower TemperatureWarmer LiquidsMove fasterHigher TemperatureExample: Hot IronParticles in the solid are vibrating very fast.Has a high average kinetic energy.I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience929How is Temperature Measured?ThermometerAn instrument used to measure temperature.

Units:Celsius (C)Fahrenheit (F)KelvinI will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience9210What are the Temperature Scales??Most commonly usedI will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.Used mostly in the USUsed by physicsKelvin not degreesLowest temp = absolute zero

Water BoilsBody TempRoom TempWater Freezes@earthscience9211What is Thermal Energy?Thermal EnergyTotal kinetic energy of all particles in a substance.SI System UnitJ (joules)I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience9212How is Thermal Energy different from Temperature?Difference?Temperature = average kinetic energy.Thermal Energy = total energy

Example:A lake and glass of water can have the same temperature.A lake has more molecules so it has more thermal energy.I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience9213How is Heat?Heat Is the energy transferred from an object of a higher temperature to an object of a lower temperature.Always flows from hot to cold.More energy to lessThree ways it is transferredI will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

Hot to Cold@earthscience9214How is heat related to thermal energy?Heat / Thermal EnergyHeat is the energy involved when properties change.Temperature and thermal energy are properties of a substance.Adding or revolving heat with affect its:TemperatureThermal EnergyI will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience9215How can heat affect the state of an matter?Heat / State of MatterState of a substance depends on the speed of the particles.Adding / removing heat can result in a change of state.Example:Adding heat to ice cube changes it from a solid to a liquidI will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.

@earthscience9216

How can heat be transferred?Energy Transfer StationsI will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.

Station 1Station 3Station 2@earthscience9217How can heat be transferred?RadiationTransfer of energy as heat by electromagnetic waves.Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves visible light, ultraviolet waves.Can travel through empty space.Cannot see it, but feel it as heat (infrared)SunlightOpen FireLiving thingsI will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.

@earthscience9218How can heat be transferred?ConductionTransfer of energy as heat by direct contact.Occurs when objects of different temperatures come in contact.Particles bump into each other transferring their energy.Continues until the temperatures are equal.Can occur with a single object.Energy is transferred from the warmer part to the cooler part.I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.

@earthscience9219How can heat be transferred?ConvectionTransfer of energy as heat by the movement of a liquid or gas.In most substances, as temperature increases, density decreases.Convection occurs when a cooler (denser) fluid (liquid or gas) replaces a warmer (less dense) mass of a fluid.Creates a convection current.I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.

@earthscience9220How a Convection Current Works?Warmer FluidsParticles move faster.Particles spread out increasing volumeDensity becomes less dense, and fluid rises.I will be able to explain how convection transfers heat energy.

Cooler fluidsParticles move slowerParticles come together, decreasing volume.Density increases, fluid sinks.@earthscience9221