Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal Energy Conference on “Latin America’s Energy...
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Transcript of Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal Energy Conference on “Latin America’s Energy...
Deborah Bleviss
Energy, Resources and Environment Program
Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)
Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal Energy
CONFERENCE ON “LATIN AMERICA’S ENERGY FUTURE”
Latin America’s Energy Mix
Source: OLADE, 2008
Latin America’s Electricity Mix
Source: Meeting Electricity Supply/Demand Balance in Latin America and the Caribbean, ESMAP, September 2010
Sources of Latin America’s GHG Emissions in Energy Sector
Source: OLADE, 2008
Example of Electricity Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC--Brazil
Requirement by national electric utility regulator, ANEEL, that privatized utilities allocate ~1% of annual revenue to R&D and energy efficiency– Half is kept within the utility, with increasing requirement to look at end-
use energy efficiency– Half goes to new institution, CT-Energ (to focus on public good)
Governed by Board of Directors made of relevant ministries, academia, private sector
Mandated focus is on:– Provision of electricity to remote rural areas– Diversification of electricity supply away from large hydro– Development of highly energy efficient technologies with social benefits
Example of Electricity Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC--Mexico
Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance Standards for Appliances– Initially covered
refrigerators and freezers, central air conditioners, motors; expanded since
– Movement to align with policies of Canada and U.S.
– Energy efficiency labeling a complementary element
Example of Transport Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC—Curitiba, Brazil and Bogotá, Colombia
Common Features– Bus Rapid Transit, with trunk lines operating in exclusive lanes– Tariff for public transportation system integrated, meaning that
payment is one time, when first enter system– Substantial pedestrian walking areas, in numerous cases
replacing streets previously used by motorized vehicles– Parking supply limited– Establishment of bike lanes– Planning and oversight provided by municipal entities with
professional and well-qualified staff
Example of Transport Energy Efficiency Activities in LAC—Differences between Curitiba and Bogotá
Curitiba Land-use regulation maintains
highest density near bus trunk lines
Intense investment in an urban infrastructure accessible by walking or bus—Opera House, botanical gardens, plazas
Planning agency, IPPUC, now charged with metropolitan focus
Bogotá Private vehicle use discouraged
during peak traffic hours through “Pico y Placa” program that limits private vehicle use
Bus “stations” are integrated with bike lanes, with provision made for locking up bicycles in the stations
“Car-free” day once a year
Curitiba in Photos
Bogotá in Photos
Potential for Wind in LAC
Potential for Solar in LAC
Potential for Geothermal in LAC
Example of Renewables Promotion Program in Brazil
PROINFA Program
First Phase: acquiring 3300 MW of renewables
– 1/3 each from wind, small hydro, biomass
Second Phase: By 2020, goal is to have 10% of electricity from these sources
Status: – First phase was originally to be
completed by the end of 2006, did not meet target
– Problem with access to financing prompted national bank (BNDES) to offer more attractive financing
Example of Renewable Promotion Program in Chile
Renewable Portfolio Standard: 10% of electricity generation by 2024 to be from non-conventional renewable energy
Supplemented by InvestChile Program, goal of which is to promote and attract technology intensive foreign direct investment into Chile
– Offers services ranging from business development assistance to assistance in financing
– One of targets is renewable energy– Currently has 133 renewables projects in
portfolio