Energy Efficiency Seminar Considerations When Pursuing Energy Efficient Projects November 6, 2009...

Energy Efficiency Seminar

Considerations When Pursuing Energy Efficient Projects

November 6, 2009

Manny Pervolarakis, CEMPrincipal Supervisor- Energy Partnership

DTE Energy

SEMCOG

“We may find that, while we're drastically cutting our energy consumption, we're actually raising our standard of living.”

-David R. Brower (1912 – 2000)

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 2

Agenda

• Energy Conservation Opportunity (ECOs) Identification

• Value of an Energy Audit

• Prioritizing ECOs

• New Technology Assessment


Where Do I Begin?

• Where Do I Begin?


Energy Bills $$$

Project Identification

• How do I identify energy projects (Energy Conservation Opportunities- ECOs)?

• How do I prioritize energy projects?– Cost?– Savings?– New Technologies?


How to identify Energy Conservation Opportunities- ECOs

• Have an Energy Audit completed– Preliminary Energy Assessment– Detailed Energy Audit


How to identify Energy Conservation Opportunities- ECOs

• Do it yourself

• Assemble a Team

• Hire an outside Energy Auditor


Determine Scope of WorkThe Facility and Equipment

• Retail– Lighting, small HVAC, small office equipment

• Grocery/C-Stores – Refrigeration, small-med HVAC, Lighting, small equipment

• Warehouse/Distribution– Large Refrigeration, medium HVAC, Lighting, Fork trucks

• Restaurant/Food Service– Food prep, small HVAC, Lighting, Dishwashing,

• Hotel/Hospitality/ Recreation Centers– Small to large HVAC, Lighting, Food Service, Laundry, Pools

• Government/Office Buildings/Banking– Small to large HVAC, Lighting, office equipment

• Industrial Process– Substantial variation in process equipment based on product;

thermal processes, large motors, complex systems


Gather Data

• Utility Usage History– 12 to 36 months monthly energy usage – in

Units and Dollars – both Gas and Electric– Chart in Spreadsheet; look for abnormalities– Review Actual Bill

• Check correct Tariff• Billing Factor• Sales Tax• Billing Name and Address

– Start reading your meter(s) frequently and track


The Facility Walkthrough / Inspection

•Gather detailed data on the following systems:

• Billing Data

• Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

• Building envelope (incl. Thermographic Analysis)

• Boiler and steam distribution.

• Electrical Systems.

• Motors.

• Lighting.

• Process Equipment.

• Air Compressors.November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 10

Get the Big Picture

• What are the physical boundaries of the space being looked at? (outside –v- inside common walls)

• Is there more than one meter?

• How is the space used/occupancy schedule

• Who/How controls temp, lighting, set-backs

• What equipment is used differently during different production schedules (max –v- average demand)


Gather Data – what to collect

• HVAC – – type, size, age, condition, how controlled

• Lighting –– type, fixture type, quantity, variation

• Equipment –– what it is, input demand, operation schedule


Gas and Electric Meters

• Confirm Meter Numbers and Billing Factors– Be sure that the billing information is correct and billing the

correct space/account


Gather Data – a few details

• Look for evidence of things broken

– Most facilities have taken Energy Management Action long ago, but installation once does NOT mean it will always be working


General Maintenance

• Look for things in poor condition or not taken care of– Even good equipment fails when not maintained


Age versus Condition

• Look for old things that should be replaced– Focus on improved

Efficiency, not justbecause they are old


Improper or Poor Installations


Space Heating

• What type of system(s) does the facility have?• Is there a more efficient system?• Is replacement economical?


Space Cooling

• Small tonnage, air cooled, LEAST efficient type• Expensive to replace, but, more expensive to

operate less-efficient equipment


November 6, 2009 20Energy Seminar

Energy Saving Opportunities

• Boiler Systems

Condensate Return

Make-up systems

Blow downs

• Steam Optimization

Steam traps

Condensate return stations

Steam Leaks

•Building Envelope

Insulation

Windows/ Doors

Roofs

• HVAC ControlsShut down equipmentEconomizer (free cooling)Space temperatures and exhaust

• Compressed air systems UpgradeControls to eliminate blow-offsSystem pressureAir leaks


Energy Saving Opportunities

•Facility Utility Tracking, Measuring & Trending ElectricalNatural GasWaterMonitoring for lighting, HVAC, Process Equipment, Compressed Air etc.

•Energy Conservation Programs

•Weekend and Holiday Shutdowns

Demand limiting (manual or automatic)

Employee Incentives Programs

•Lighting Systems UpgradeFluorescent, including task lighting

High Intensity Discharge HID lamp & fixtures

Controls (sensors or programmable panels)

•HVAC Upgrades Controls for more efficient operation

Air conditioned leakage

Refrigerant lines

VFD

Lighting Retrofit Opportunities

• Incandescent to compact fluorescent

• T-12 Fluorescent to T-8 Fluorescent

• HID to T-8 or T-5 Fluorescent (warehouse, garage)

• HID (MV, LPS) to HID (HPS, MH)

• LED Exit Signs

• LED down-lighting, spot-lighting, room-lighting, wall-washing, exterior parking lot and street lighting

November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar

22

Building Envelope

All the components of the building envelope need to work together to keep a building warm in the winter and cool in the summer.


Example - Check List

Envelope Space HVAC

InsulationEquipments & lights schedule

For heating hot water: balancing, modular boiler, boiler economizer

For steam: condensate trap maintenance, modular boiler, boiler economizer

For chilled water: balancing

For air cooled: condenser surface condition

For air system: exhaust fan schedule, economizer proper operation, diffusers & registers are not blocked, ductwork is cleaned.

InfiltrationThermostat settings

Door openings CO2 sensors

Windows frames & shading

Occupancy sensors

Negative pressure in the building

Timers


Energy Conservation Programs - Compressed Air Leaks


24Hr/Day-100 PSI -$.09/kWh

1/16 inch $750 1/8 inch $3,0001/4 inch $12,0003/8 inch $27,000 1/2 inch $48,000

1/4 Inch-$12,000

1/8 Inch-$3,000

Drop 2 PSI and save 1% energy cost.20 HP Compressor full load is costing approximately $16,000/Year.

Value of an Energy Audit

• Identify biggest “Bang for the Buck” projects• Identify project priorities based on budget, grant money

available, etc.• Identify operational issues with equipment• Identify maintenance problems with equipment• Opportunity to interview occupants of facilities to gain

valuable insight and to get suggestions• Compare energy usage to other similar buildings in area

(baseline)• Identify available Incentives and Rebates for ECOs (ie.

Energy Optimization Program, etc.)• Identify possible applications and options for using new

technologies and renewable resourcesNovember 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 26

Prioritizing Energy Projects

1. No or Low Cost Projects– Operational Changes– Maintenance– Re-commissioning Equipment– Changing Habits– Sensors/ Timers (shuts off automatically)– Energy Awareness (educate employees)– Energy Conservation Programs– Create an Energy Policy



Adjust thermostat for savings!

Every 1 degree downSaves 2-3%off heating bill

Energy Awareness

Don’t assume it works…

…just because it’s installed


Economizer


Economizer


•Use free cooling in Spring and Fall

•Drop down temperature at night

•Use Demand Control Ventilation (CO2 sensors)


Typical Simple Packback

Natural Gas

• Steam Systems 0.3 – 1.5 years

• HVAC 0.5 – 1.5 years

• Building Envelope & Insulation 0.5 – 20 years

Electrical

• Compressed Air 0.2 – 1.3 years

• Lighting 1.5 – 6.0 years

• Chilled Water Systems 0.3 – 2.0 years

Prioritizing Energy Projects

2. Projects requiring Capital Funding– Replacing existing equipment with more efficient

equipment (ie. lighting, hot water modular boilers, premium high efficiency motors, etc.)

– Increasing efficiency of existing equipment (ie. Installing VFDs on motors, capture waste heat and water for reuse)

– New Technologies (lighting, HVAC, etc.)– Renewable Resources (solar, wind, biomass,

geothermal)

Decisions based on several factors (priorities): savings, cost, payback, environmental impacts (carbon footprint)?



How do we Increase Boiler Efficiency?

•Proper sized boiler

•Modular boiler

•Boiler economizer

•Regular maintenance/ tune-ups

• Boiler efficiency can be increased by replacing a single boiler with a network of smaller modular boilers.

• Since modular boilers can be fired independently each module would be fired on demand at 100 percent capacity with load fluctuations being met by firing more or less boilers.

• When the first boiler can no longer keep up with the heat demand, a second boiler picks up the extra heat load.

• Also, modular boilers have low thermal inertia which provides rapid response and low heat-up and cool-down losses.


Modular Boilers

• The heat exchanger has been specifically designed to capture the maximum amount of energy from exhaust gases.

• Squeeze out an amazing 97% of all heat of combustion energy contained in the flue gases.


Boiler Economizer

Environmental ImpactsSaving 10,000 kWh (1.5 HP motor or ten 100 watt lamps)

Help The Environment• Reduces 20.9 tons of carbon dioxide• Reduces 107 lb.. Of sulfur dioxide• Reduces 45 lb.. Of nitrogen oxide• Pollution associated with the

emissions of more than 2.8 cars• Equivalent of planting more than 3.8

Acres of trees


DDC control


New Technologies

• Many vendors coming out of woodwork with new technologies

• Don’t just take their word• New technologies are generally more expensive than

current technologies with longer paybacks• New technologies may have unproven results and

reliability due to infant stage• How can customers evaluate products and services

appropriately?


New Technologies

How can a customer make an informed decision?• Get required information from vendor

– How long on market– Where has product been installed/ For how long/ Talk to

contact– Get data/ cut sheets from vendor– Testing results (i.e. UL approved, etc.)– Warrantees/ Guarantees

• Need unbiased opinions/ expertise– Education (technical seminars, internet, etc.)– Energy Manager assistance– DTE Energy (vendor relationships, EO Pilot Program,

incentives, expertise)November 6, 2009 Energy Seminar 40

Energy Manager Typical Duties

Energy Audits & Projects Conducts tours (audits) of facilities to identify energy saving

opportunities. Identifies, analyzes, implements, and manages customer energy

related projects to optimize energy utilization. Develops project proposals for energy conservation

opportunities (ECOs), including project costs, savings, and payback analysis.

Manages energy project schedule and budget to support customer expectations

Actively researches existing and new products, services, and

technology that provide value and optimize energy consumption. Provides technical support for any and all energy related issues.



Tracking & Optimizing Energy Usage• Determine monthly energy usage for all facilities.• Prepare tables and graphs to depict energy usage.• Provide tracking, trending, reporting, and

recommendations to reduce energy.• Enhance EMS functions (if applicable)• Provides daily customer on-site energy manager

capabilities, including resolving billing inquiries, assisting in power quality and reliability issues, and other energy related specific concerns.

• Assist in identification and application for available energy efficient funding from state and federal programs



Develop Programs• Develop Energy Awareness Program

– Supply energy saving information for each facility

– Develop posters, signage, displays, etc.

– Designate energy awareness week and perform energy seminars, demonstrations and prizes

• Establish Employee Recognition/Rewards Program

• Develop an Energy Curtailment Program

– Shut down equipment during off-hours or when not needed

– Develop plan and procedure

– Track/Trend curtailment results

– Reporting/ Communication



Communication and Training• Attend and /or Lead Energy Meetings• Develop Management Presentation Materials• Create Conservation Articles/Newsletters• Establish Communication and Technical Support

to Facility Management Teams• Educate Employees on Energy Saving Habits

and “Best Practices”


Energy Conservation Programs- Energy Awareness

•Energy Awareness along with energy projects contributes to the overall energy reduction

10/ 4/ 2007 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP2004 13,015,320 13,132,960 14,347,800 13,106,600 13,439,200 14,091,840 11,783,400 14,892,920 14,294,6402005 12,988,000 12,559,640 12,863,800 12,855,000 12,988,000 14,088,960 10,986,280 14,411,560 12,343,1202006 11,413,920 11,285,280 12,357,200 10,058,520 11,269,520 11,772,760 9,919,440 12,597,560 10,916,920

Cost Var. $79,655 $64,950 $24,850 $162,683 $99,992 $131,710 $66,612 $102,216 $82,988% CHANGE

04/ 05 -0.2% -4.4% -10.3% -1.9% -3.4% 0.0% -6.8% -3.2% -13.7%05/ 06 -12.1% -10.1% -3.9% -21.8% -13.2% -16.4% -9.7% -12.6% -11.6%

YR TO DATE -12.1% -11.1% -8.7% -12.0% -12.2% -13.0% -12.6% -12.6% -12.5%1/0/19

1/2/19 1Series2

SITE TOTAL ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION (kWh)

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

KW

H

2004

2005

2006

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3



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