Energy Efficiency in Houses and Small Buildings

New 9.36. Requirements in the 2010 Manitoba Building Code

Overview• Scope and Compliance• Building Envelope Requirements• Requirements for Windows and Doors• Continuity of Insulation• Trade-Offs, and how they work• How to select and Design Exterior Wall Assemblies• HVAC Requirements• Service Water Heating Requirements• Energy Performance Compliance (Modelling)• Typical Design of a 1 Storey Bungalow• Questions & Discussion

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Credits and Source Material

• National Building Code of Canada 2010• Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner

– Energy Efficiency for Houses & Small Buildings; New Section 9.36 of NBC 2010 (October 22, 2015)

• The Buildings and Mobile Homes Act– Regulation 52/2015

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What Buildings Will be Effected:

• New construction for permit applications received on or after April 1, 2016 for:– All new houses– All new buildings containing residential, commercial, and/or low

hazard industrial occupancies who’s combined total area is not greater than 300m²

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What Buildings Are Exempt?

• Existing Buildings– Including additions and renovations

• Farm Buildings– Granaries, Quonsets, barns, etc.

• Temporary buildings• Buildings, or portions of buildings that are not required to

be “conditioned”– Parking garages*

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Methods of Compliance

• Meeting the requirements prescribed within 9.36• Using Trade-off’s to achieve compliance• Meeting the performance requirements of 9.36.5 (Energy

Modelling)

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9.36.2. Building Envelope

• 5 major components to consider– Roofs– Walls above grade– Walls below grade– Basement or crawl space floors– Windows and doors

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Determining Minimum “R-Values”

• Things to consider– Brandon is located in Zone 7A

• Brandon has 5760 HDD – Appendix C – Basement floors above the frost line require insulation.

• Frost line is 1370mm or 4’-6” per Regulation 31/2011– Manitoba Amendments for Energy Efficiency, 9.36

• Regulation 52/2015 – Effective “R” values now take into account studs and other

building elements, not just the cavity insulation.

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Understanding the Units

• U-value measures the rate of heat transfer. This means that products with a lower U-value are better insulators.– W/(m²∙K) or the rate at which energy (measured in watts) passes through an assembly U=1/RSI and RSI=1/U

• RSI is the International System of Units (SI or metric) version of R-value (US).– 1 RSI = 5.678 R– 1R = 0.1761 RSI

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Minimum Thermal Resistance for Above Ground Assemblies (Table 9.36.2.6.B)• Ceilings Below Attics:

– RSI 8.50 or R 48.3 AMENDED

• Cathedral Ceilings and Flat Roofs:– RSI 5.02 or R 28.5 AMENDED

• Walls:– RSI 2.80 or R 15.9 AMENDED

• Floors Over Unheated Spaces:– RSI 5.02 or R 28.5 AMENDED

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Minimum Thermal Resistance for Below Ground Assemblies (Table 9.36.2.8.B)• Foundation Walls

– RSI 2.80 or R 15.9 AMENDED

• Unheated Floors Above the Frost Line– RSI 1.96 or R 11.1 AMENDED

• Heated Floors– RSI 2.84 or R 16.1 AMENDED

• Thickened Edge Slabs on Grade– RSI 2.84 or R 16.1 AMENDED

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Minimum Values for Windows and Doors

• Max. U-Value = 1.60• Min. Energy Rating = 25

– When looking at the map of Canada on the window, the window must comply with Zone two of the Energy Star rating system. Or, the max U-Value shall be 1.60 as listed in Table 9.36.2.7.A.

• Zone Certification – we are located in Energy Star’s Zone 2, therefore all windows and doors shall be certified for zone 2.

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RSI = 3.52 (R20)permitted

Exterior Doors & WindowsRSI = 0.63 (R3.55)

Exterior Walls Above GradeRSI=2.80 (R 15.9)

Roofs with AtticRSI = 8.50 (R48.3)Maximum of 1.2m to achieve full minimum required insulation value.

• The insulation in attics shall not be less than 8.50 RSI. This is permitted to be reduced for the first 1.2m under the sloped roof, but not less than 3.52 RSI directly above the exterior wall.

9.36.2.6.(3)

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Exterior Wall Above Grade (EWAG)RSI=2.80 (R15.9)

Foundation Wall (FW)RSI=2.80 (R15.9)

Unheated Floors above Frost LineRSI = 1.96 (R11.1)Heated Floors on GroundRSI = 2.84 (R16.1)

Frost depth1.37m (4’‐6”)

Unheated Floors Above Frost Line• Insulation Required:

– On the outside of the foundation down to the footing, or

– Under the slab for the first 1.2m inside the footing, and

– On the inside, to an effective RSI 2.80

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9.36.2.8.(4)Unheated floors above the frost line shall be insulated:A: On the exterior of the foundation wall down to the footing,B: Beneath the slab for a distance not less than 1.2m horizontally or vertically down from its perimeter with a thermal break along the edge of the slab that meets at least 50% of the required thermal resistance, C: On top of the slab for a distance not less than 1.2 m horizontally from the perimeter, orD: Within the wooden sleepers below the floor for a distance not less than 1.2m from the perimeter.

A

B

B

C

D

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Foundation WallRSI = 2.80 (R15.9)

Floor Below Frost LineRSI = 0Heated Floors on GroundRSI = 2.84 (R16.1)

Frost depth1.37m (4’‐6”)

Floors Below the Frost Line

• Insulation not required, unless the slab is heated

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Thickened Edge SlabRSI = 2.84 (R16.1)

9.36.2.8.(9). Slabs-On-Grade• Thickened edge slabs shall be insulated to the required

effective thermal resistance under the entire slab and around all edges, but not under the integral perimeter footing, and

• insulated with skirt insulation having the same effective thermal resistance as the insulation installed under the slab.

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Suspended FloorsRSI = 5.02 (R28.5)

Floors Over Unheated Spaces• Shall have an effective

thermal resistance of not less than 5.02 RSI or, R 28.5

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9.36.2.4.(4) Reduced Effective R-Value

• Where a component of the building envelope is protectedby an enclosed unconditioned space, such as a sun porch,enclosed veranda, vestibule or attached garage, therequired effective thermal resistance of the buildingenvelope component is permitted to be reduced by0.16 RSI (Reff 0.9).

• This means the effective thermal resistance wall betweena home and its attached garage is permitted to be reducedfrom 2.80 to 2.64 RSI.

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9.36.2.5. Continuity of Insulation

• An uninsulated penetrating element shall:– Be insulated on both sides for a length 4x the thickness of the

penetrated assembly,– Fall within the penetrated plane, and insulated to 60% of the

required amount for the penetrated assembly, or– If a fireplace, be insulated to 55% of the required amount for the

penetrated element.

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9.36.2.5. Continuity of Insulation• When an interior element

penetrates and exterior element and breaks the plane of insulation, the penetrating element shall be insulated on both sides inward or outward from the building envelope for a distance equal to 4 times its uninsulated thickness to an effective thermal resistance required for the penetrated assembly.

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Exterior Wall Above Grade (EWAG)RSI=22.80 (R15.9)

9.36.2.5. Continuity of Insulation• When an interior element

penetrates and exterior element and breaks the plane of insulation, the penetrating element shall be insulated within the plane of insulation of the penetrated element to an effective thermal resistance not less than 60% of that required for the penetrated element. (1.68 RSI or R 10)

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Fireplace

9.36.2.5. Continuity of Insulation• Where a masonry fireplace

or flue penetrates an exterior wall and breaks the continuity of the plane of insulation, it shall be insulated within the plane of insulation of the wall or within itself to an effective thermal resistance not less than 55% of that required for the exterior wall. (1.54 RSI or R 9)

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9.36.2.11. Building Insulation Trade-Off

• The objective is to achieve a nominal effective RSI or R value throughout the building’s envelope

• Normally used when the owner wishes to have stained glass windows or ornamental glass, which may have lower R-values than prescribed.

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Limitations to Trade-Offs

• Above ground assemblies ONLY• Walls, and joist-type roofs cannot be reduced to below 55% of

required RSI (1.54 RSI or R 9).• Attics cannot be reduced to below 60% of required RSI (5.1

RSI or R 29)• Walls with embedded pipe or heating cables cannot be

reduced or traded• Attic hatches/doors cannot be reduced or traded• When trading windows, they must be located in the same

orientation (facing the same direction)

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Sample Trade-Off

• An owner would like to reduce the wall insulation, to do so, is willing to increase the attic insulation to RSI 10.6 (R60). What would the required wall insulation need to be in order to comply?

• The ceiling area is 500m² and the total wall area is 250m².

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Sample Trade-Off Calculation

∑ (A reference / RSI reference) ≥ ∑ (A proposed / RSI proposed )Reference bldg. (9.36) ≥ proposed bldg. (actual construction)

{(A wall / RSI wall) + (A roof / RSI roof)} ≥ {(A wall / RSI wall) + (A roof / RSI roof)}{(250/2.8) + (500/8.5)} ≥ {(250 / RSI wall) + (500/10.6)}

{89.29 + 58.82} ≥ {(250 / RSI wall) + 47.17}148.11 - 47.17 ≥ 250 / RSI wall

100.94 ≥ 250 / RSI wall

RSI wall ≥ 250 / 100.94RSI wall ≥ 2.48 (R14.1)*

*Minimum RSI for walls is 2.80 (R15.9)

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Choosing a Wall That Works

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• There are methods and tools available when designing a wall assembly that complies with 9.36.2.6.– Table A-9.36.2.4.(1)D.– CWC Wall Thermal Design Calculator

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3. Add up the values obtained in steps 1 and 2 to determine the effective thermal resistance of the wall assembly, RSI

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eff

Layers in the wall assembly RSI Value

Outside air film 0.03

Vinyl siding 0.11

Sheathing paper ‐

11mm OSB sheathing 0.108

Wood stud framing              RSIF = 1.19        % area of framing = 23%2.36

Insulation RSIC = 3.34        % area of cavity = 77%

6 mil poly vapor barrier ‐

Drywall (12.7mm) 0.08

Interior air film 0.12

RSIeff = 2.81 (m²*K)/W (R15.9)

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9.36.3. HVAC Requirements

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• Ducts and plenums carrying conditioned air shall be sealed.

• Ducts in unheated spaces shall be insulated to the same as the penetrating assembly.

• Dampers shall be installed on ducts that discharge to the outdoors.

• Furnace and A/C shall not run simultaneously• A/C’s shall not run when the user lowers the set point• All Stand-alone residential HVAC

require an HRV• Gas fired furnaces require an AFUE* ≥ 94%

*AFUE=Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency

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9.36.4. Service Water Heating Systems

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• Drain Water Heat recovery now required– Required in residential buildings with

showers– Not required where there are no stories

below the showers• All water heaters shall meet

equipment Performance listed in Table 9.36.4.2.

• The first 2m of the inlet andoutlet pipe to be insulated with with 12mm insulation.

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9.36.5. Energy Performance Compliance

• Applicable to houses and residential buildings only• Accounts for annual energy consumption of:

– Space heating– Ventilation– Service water heating– Space cooling

• Excludes exterior lighting and the lighting and ventilation of unconditioned spaces (i.e. crawl spaces and attics)

• In most cases, involves energy modelling software

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Typical House Comparison

• 2 identical drawings• First drawing is a cross section detail of a

typical 1 storey bungalow showing building elements for each assembly

• Second drawing is a cross section detail of a typical 1 storey bungalow showing building elements and their RSI values, and the total calculated effective RSI value for each assembly.

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• Typical roof, wall, foundation and floor section details.

• The detail lists do not contain specific RSI values for each component.

• R 20 insulation used in walls

• Basement floor is below the frost line, therefore requires no insulation.

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• Information required on drawings for homes.

• RSI value indicated for each element

• Total RSI value listed for each assembly

ROOF CONSTRUCTION (RSI 9.50):ASPHALT SHINGLES

2 LAYERS ROOFING FELT7/16” OSB SHEATHING C/W H‐CLIPS

AIR FILM (0.03)ENGINEERED ROOF TRUSS @ 24” O.C. (RSI 1.96)

R50 BLOW‐IN INSULATION (RSI 7.30)6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)

5/8” TYPE ‘X’ DRYWALL (RSI 0.97)CEILING FINISH BY OWNER

AIR FILM (RSI 0.11)

EXTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTION (RSI 2.70):OUTSIDE AIR FILM (RSI 0.03)

ACRYLIC STUCCO EXTERIOR FINISH (RSI 0.0135)2”X2” WELDED WIRE MESH  (RSI  0.00)

APPROVED WATER BARRIER ‐(‘TYVEC’ OR SIMILAR) (RSI 0.00)3/8” OSB SHEATHING (RSI 0.093)

2x6 WOOD STUDS @ 16” O.C. C/WR20 BATT INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS (RSI 2.36)

6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)1/2” DRYWALL (RSI 0.08)

INTERIOR FINISH BY OWNER(RSI 0.00)INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.12)

FOUNDATION WALL CONSTRUCTION (RSI 3.20):PARGING TO BELOW 6” BELOW GRADE (RSI 0.00)

ASPHALT DAMP‐PROOFING BELOW GRADE  (RSI  0.21)8” X 96” CONCRETE WALL (RSI 0.08)

3” AIR SPACE (RSI 0.18)2x4 WOOD STUDS @ 24” O.C. C/W

R20 BATT INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS (RSI 2.53)6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)

1/2” DRYWALL (RSI 0.08)INTERIOR FINISH BY OWNER(RSI 0.00)

INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.12)

BASEMENT FLOOR CONSTRUCTION (RSI 1.88):INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.16)4” CONCRETE SLAB (RSI 0.04)

6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)2” XTPS (RSI 1.68)

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Minimum RSI for Roofs is 8.50, therefore no changes will be required for the roof assembly

• ROOF CONSTRUCTION (RSI 9.50):• AIR FILM (RSI 0.03)• ASPHALT SHINGLES (N/A)• 2 LAYERS ROOFING FELT (N/A)• 7/16” OSB SHEATHING C/W H-CLIPS (N/A)• ENGINEERED ROOF TRUSS @ 24” O.C. (RSI 1.96)• R50 BLOW-IN INSULATION (RSI 7.30)• 6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)• 5/8” TYPE ‘X’ DRYWALL (RSI 0.097)• CEILING FINISH BY OWNER• INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.11)

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A Closer Look at the Changes

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Minimum RSI for walls is 2.80, therefore changes will be required to be made to this design

• EXTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTION (RSI 2.70):• OUTSIDE AIR FILM (RSI 0.03)• 15mm ACRYLIC STUCCO EXTERIOR FINISH (RSI

0.0135)• 2”x2” WELDED WIRE MESH (RSI 0.00)• APPROVED WATER BARRIER - (‘TYVEC’ OR SIMILAR)

(RSI 0.00)• 3/8” OSB SHEATHING (RSI 0.093)• 2x6 WOOD STUDS @ 16” O.C. C/W R20 BATT

INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS (RSI 2.36)• 6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)• 1/2” DRYWALL (RSI 0.08)• INTERIOR FINISH BY OWNER (RSI 0.00)• INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.12)

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A Closer Look at the Changes

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• EXTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTION (RSI 2.80):• OUTSIDE AIR FILM (RSI 0.03)• 15mm ACRYLIC STUCCO EXTERIOR FINISH (RSI

0.0135)• 2”x2” WELDED WIRE MESH (RSI 0.00)• APPROVED WATER BARRIER - (‘TYVEC’ OR SIMILAR)

(RSI 0.00)• 7/16” OSB SHEATHING (RSI 0.108)• 2x6 WOOD STUDS @ 24” O.C. C/W R20 BATT

INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS (RSI 2.45)• 6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)• 1/2” DRYWALL (RSI 0.08)• INTERIOR FINISH BY OWNER (RSI 0.00)• INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.12)

Minimum RSI for foundation walls is 2.80, therefore no changes will be required for the foundation wall assembly

• FOUNDATION WALL CONSTRUCTION (RSI 3.20):• PARGING TO BELOW 6” BELOW GRADE (RSI 0.00)• ASPHALT DAMP-PROOFING BELOW GRADE (RSI 0.21)• 8” X 96” CONCRETE WALL (RSI 0.08)• 3” AIR SPACE (RSI 0.18)• 2x4 WOOD STUDS @ 24” O.C. C/W• R20 BATT INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS (RSI 2.53)• 6 MIL CGSB RATED POLY V.B. (RSI 0.00)• 1/2” DRYWALL (RSI 0.08)• INTERIOR FINISH BY OWNER (RSI 0.00)• INTERIOR AIR FILM (RSI 0.12)

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A Closer Look at the Changes

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Before Beginning the Design…• Will there be trade-Offs Required?• What spaces are exempt? (i.e. attached garage)• What is the foundation Depth? Does the floor need to

be insulated?• Have you selected your above ground wall

assemblies?• Have you selected your foundation wall assemblies?• Have you calculated the effective R-Value for the attic

using the parallel flow method?• Do the furnaces and water heaters meet energy

performance requirements?• Does the house need Drain Water Heat Recovery ?

(Shower & Basement)

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