Energy cycles notes

Energy Cycles

The Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy CANNOT be created or destroyed, but only

changes forms.

Biogeochemical Cycles▪Bio

▪ Life

▪Geo

▪ Earth

▪ Chemical

▪ Elements, compounds, substances

▪ Cycle

▪ Series of events repeated in the same order

Biogeochemical Cycles

▪Chemicals move from living things (biotic) to non-living (abiotic) things and back.

Important Elements

▪Carbon

▪4 valence electrons

▪Good at bonding

▪Macromolecules

Important Elements

▪Hydrogen

▪Provides energy transfer

▪Photosynthesis

▪Water

Important Elements

▪Nitrogen

▪Important part of amino acid

▪Builds proteins

▪Nitrogen bases in DNA

Important Elements

▪Oxygen

▪Water

▪Cellular Respiration

Important Elements▪Phosphorus

▪Phospholipid

▪ Cell Membrane

▪Sugar and Phosphate Backbone

▪DNA

▪ATP

▪Adenosine Triphosphate

Water Cycle

Water Cycle

▪Essential to ALL living organisms

▪97% of water is in oceans

▪2% in glaciers and polar ice caps

▪1% in lakes, rivers, and groundwater

Key Processes▪Evaporation of liquid water by solar energy

▪Condensation of water vapor into clouds

▪Precipitation▪Water hitting the earth▪ Rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.

▪Transpiration▪Water evaporation through plants

▪Surface and groundwater flow▪Returns water to the oceans

Runoff and groundwater

Percolation through soil

Evapotranspiration from land

Precipitation over land

Evaporation from the ocean

Precipitationover the ocean

Movement over land by wind

Evaporation Sublimation Transpiration

Condensation

Carbon CycleCarbon absorbs heat energy. Increase CO2 in the atmosphere

increases global temperature creating the Greenhouse Effect.

Biological Importance

▪Carbon is the essential organic element that forms molecules essential to all organisms

Key Processes▪Photosynthesis by plants and phytoplankton

▪ Removes CO2 from the atmosphere

▪Cellular respiration by producers and consumers▪ Adds CO2 to the atmosphere

▪Burning of fossil fuels and wood▪ Adds LOTS of CO2 to the atmosphere▪ Fossil fuels include coal, oil, natural gas,

organic soil

▪Decomposition▪ Adds CO2 to atmosphere

CO2 in Atmosphere

Consumer

Decomposition

Phyto-plankton

Burning of fossil fuel and wood

Soil Movement

CellularRespiration

CO2 in Atmosphere

CO2 in Atmosphere

Phyto-plankton

CO2 in Atmosphere

Consumer

CO2 in Atmosphere

CellularRespiration

CO2 in Atmosphere

Decomposition

CO2 in Atmosphere


CO2 in Atmosphere

Soil Movement

CO2 in Atmosphere

Consumer

Decomposition

Phyto-plankton


Soil Movement

CellularRespiration

Nitrogen Cycle

Biological Importance

▪Nitrogen is part of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids and is often a limiting plant nutrient.

▪78% of the Earth’s Atmosphere

Nitrogen Fixation

▪Plants cannot use nitrogen gas from the air to make organic compounds for themselves or other organisms.▪ Nitrogen (N2) must be converted to a form

called nitrates (NO3) by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

▪ Plants can absorb nitrates through their roots.

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

▪Live in soil and roots of legumes▪ Peas

▪ Beans

Decomposers

▪Break down dead plants and organisms

▪Release nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions (NH4

+)▪ Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into

nitrates

▪ Some nitrates are changed back to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria

The Role of

Bacteria in the

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen-fixingBacteria

Converts nitrogen (N2) to nitrates (NO3) so that it can be used by plants

DecomposersBreak down dead plants and organisms. Release ammonium ion (NH4

+)

NitrifyingBacteria

Convert ammonium (NH4+) to

nitrates (NO3) to be used by plants.

DenitrifyingBacteria

Convert ammonium (NH4+) to

nitrogen (N2)

Absorption

Energy cycles notes

Education

Transcript of Energy cycles notes