Energy as new vector in urban planning

Energy as new vector in urban planning

1. Urban planning

2. How to analyse a city energetically?

3. How to unfold future opportunities?

4. Define “energy areas” for the further development

5. Challenges

6. Outlook and conclusion

Urban planning

Urban planning

+ is one of the oldest cultural techniques of mankind

+ is driven in parts by architects, in parts by rather pragmatic considerations to supply new business opportunities and cheap housing

+ environment a major issue (noise, emissions and so forth) but energy is only considered a minor item

In times of climate change: a new urban planning is required including energy and the impact of climate change as major consideration!

How to analyse a city energetically?

Time

How to analyse a city energetically?

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50

100

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0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Hours of a year

Ele

ctri

city

dem

and

[M

W]

How to analyse a city energetically?

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100200

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400500

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800900

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Hours of a year

Hea

t d

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d [

MW

]

How to analyse a city energetically?

Space

How to analyse a city energetically?

How to analyse a city energetically?

+ add energy in the existingplanning tools like GIS.

+ make early estimates ofheat, cooling and electricity demand

+ embed the results for new quarters in the overall picture of the city

+ look then for city-optimal not for quarter-optimal solutions

How to analyse a city energetically?

+ create a data-base on buildings, major services and industry, use modern methodologies like laser scanning to add as much information as possible

+ local authorities should supply in regular frequencies energy reports about the city as a whole

+ co-operation with the local suppliers to up-data the data-base and to include time resolved information

+ map available renewable resources, map waste heat reservoirs

+ supply special energy reports for new building areas

How to unfold future opportunities?

Models help to understand opportunities and technical limits

New-Urbs TIMES-NT

Monte-CarloSimulation of new demands

Future opportunities

Future opportunities

City from outside.

Oil/Gas CO2

Electricity

New fuels

Waste

Certificates

Certificates

Electricity

Biomass, Biogas, Electricity from Renewable Sources, Geothermal, Waste heat from industry, …

City from inside.

Households

Service

Industry

Traffic

District heatCHP-electricity

Biogas/Hydrogen

City Model of Vienna

HouseholdIndustry

Private ServicePublic Transport

Public ServicePrivate Transport

Source: Winkelmüller

Fin

al E

nerg

y [G

Wh/

a]

Results

0

500

1000

1500

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3000

3500

2002

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

Pie

ce

s [

*10

00

]

Cooking gas

Cooking elec

Washing advance

Washing new

Washing stock

Light advanced

Light new

Light stock

Dish washer advanced

Dish washer new

Dish washer stock

Fridge advanced

Fridge new

Fridge stock

Results

URBS

0

0.10.2

0.3

0.40.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

hours

Irra

dia

tio

n [

kW/m

²]

0

50

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150

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250

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30

00

30

12

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24

30

36

30

48

30

60

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72

30

84

30

96

31

08

31

20

31

32

31

44

31

56

31

68

Hea

t p

rod

uct

ion

[M

W]

Codensing Boiler

Solar thermal

Combined heat andpower

Source: Herrmann

Monte Carlo simulation

Challenges

Development of new structures:

+ ageing societies

+ new definition of workplaces due to information andcommunication technologies, only a fraction of the time in the “office”

+ new forms of shopping: will we by at some time vegetables via the internet, will a completely new infrastructure comeup for home delivery?

+ how will the service sector be organised in the future? How will banks, insurance companies, schools, hospitals operate?

Challenges

City as centre of festivals and other leisure activities

Summary and outlook

+ cities can play a major role in reaching a sustainable energy future

+ urban planning has to be revised to include energy as a major pillar in the reasoning

+ analysing the energy situation, monitoring developments should be become a “daily” procedure in city administration (building data base, …)

+ energy models help to show future opportunities and challenges, the use of models should also become part of the planning procedures

+ many challenges like “new economy” of cities require completely new approaches

+ urban planning considering energy might become of the key technologies for the 21st century