Ecosystems biosphere ecosystem community population organism.
Energy and the Biosphere Producers are the basis of all ecosystems on the planet!
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Transcript of Energy and the Biosphere Producers are the basis of all ecosystems on the planet!
Energy and the Biosphere
Producers are the basis of all ecosystems on the planet!
Ecosystem: all of the living and nonliving factors that exist together in
a particular environment.
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How is energy transferred through an ecosystem: 10% Rule
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Productivity
• The amount of energy plants capture and make available to a given ecosystem.
• Which is more productive--A rainforest or a desert?
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How is the sun’s energy captured?
• Photosynthesis:– Process producers use
to transfer energy from sunlight into chemical energy (glucose)
– This process UNITES all photosynthetic producers!
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Diversity of photosynthetic organisms
• Cyanobacteria• Algae
– Phytoplankton (single celled
– Multicellular Algae
• Moss• Fern• Gymnosperms (pines)• Angiosperms (flowering plants)
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Cladogram
• Shows relationship of true plants to algae ancestor.
• What would the common ancestor of both plants and algae be similar to?
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Structure meets function in plants
• Plant organs--Observe your plant organ and see if you can describe– Structure
– Function
– How structure meets function
Flowers, roots, stems, leaves!!!
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Flowers
• Function: Reproduction
• Structure meets function: Attractive petals entice pollinators
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Roots
• Functions– Take in water
– Store sugar
• Structure Meets Function: root hairs increase surface area for absorption
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Stems
• Functions:– Transport water up (xylem)
sugar down (phloem)– Can be modified for storage
(potatoes)
• Structure meets function:– Filled with tubes that allow
cohesion and adhesion of water (xylem)
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Leaves
• Function: Photosynthesis• Structure meets function: contains specialized
mesophyll cells that have chloroplasts. Also waxy cuticle keeps leaf from getting waterlogged.
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Photosynthesis Equation
• What must the plants have to capture the energy of sunlight and therefore allow this reaction?
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Chlorophyll
• Absorption• Reflection
• A red shirt absorbs blue and green light and reflects red light!• What type of light energy does chlorophyll absorb?
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Organization of the Photosynthesis Reaction
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Organization within the Chloroplast
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Thlakoid: Membrane containing chlorophyll. Location of the light reactions
Stroma: Cytoplasm of chloroplast. Location of Calvin Cycle
What is the role of the light reactions
• Charge up ATP battery• Needs light and
chlorophyll• Uses the splitting of
water to provide electrons to run an electron transport chain and make ATP
• Waste product is oxygen gas!
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What is the role of the Calvin Cycle?
• Add the H’s from water to the CO2 gas plants take in and make sugar!
• A 3-carbon sugar is made; two combine to make C6H12O6-glucose!
• Does not need light!
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In your own words…
• Describe producers transfer light energy into chemical energy.
• A proficient answer discusses both the plant and what is happening in the chloroplast
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Interactions between organisms within an ecosystem
• A biological community are all of the living things interacting in an ecosystem.
• Food webs display this interaction.
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Food web--How are these organisms related?
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Identify:
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Decomposer
Transfer of Energy
• What is the significance of the way the arrows point?
• Identify 3 transfers of energy/matter:– Photosynthesis
– Respiration
– Decomposition
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Compare and Contrast
• Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration.
• Make sure to include– Organism level
– Ecosystem level
– Cellular level
– Examples both structure and function
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