Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Lucas County

and The City of Toledo OperationsCIVE 6900/8900

Sustainability Engineering ClassDecember 7, 2010

of

Collaborative Sustainability Project

Energy and Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Lucas County

and The City of Toledo OperationsCIVE 6900/8900

Sustainability Engineering ClassDecember 7, 2010

Meet the teams

City of Toledo• J. Blake Quinton• Clint Messner• Adam Szabo• Santosh Pant• Xue Ding

Lucas County• Kate Chulski• Jeff Grabarkiewicz• Greg Denman• Hannah West• Praneeth Nimmatoori

Outline

• Objectives• Terminology• Protocol• Background on Lucas County, City of Toledo• Energy and emissions from different sectors• Analysis of individual sectors• Conclusions

1

Objectives

• Analyze the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of Lucas County and City of Toledo governments

• Recommend future actions

2

Terminology

Energy Inventory• kWh or BTU

• Cannot differentiate clean energy

GHG Inventory• Metric Tons Carbon

dioxide equivalence (MT CO2e)

• Accounts for clean energy

3

Comparison of Energy Sources

Fuel Type Pounds CO2 / $ CO2 Intensity Factor

PRB Sub-bitumious coal 263 38

Natural Gas 28 4

Diesel 7 1

Gasoline 7 1

4

Using a GHG or Energy Inventory…

5

(Direct) (Indirect) (Optional, not considered)

Equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2e)

• There are 18 long acting greenhouse gases

• Each has unique thermal properties

• Some affect atmospheric temperature more than others

• The warming potential of each gas is used to determine CO2e

• CO2e is measured in metric tons

8

Common Greenhouse Gases

Putting CO2e into Perspective

• The Toledo built Jeep Liberty has a highway fuel economy of 22 mpg according to the EPA.

• It would need to be driven about 76 million miles to generate 30,400 metric tons of CO2e

How far is 76 million miles?

• ⅘ of the distance between Earth and the Sun

• 159 round trips to the Moon

• 9,960 round trips from Toledo to Anchorage, AK

Lucas County and City of Toledo

Population: 316,179 people (2009)

84.1 square miles or 24% of Lucas County

2009 Operating Budget $577 million

2,822 Full-Time Equivalent Staff

Population: 463,493 people (2009)

340 total square miles

2010 General Fund Budget $132 million

1,137 Full-Time Equivalent Staff

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• 40 facilities• 1 WWTP• 59 pump

stations• 170+ vehicles• 54 traffic signals

Lucas County Facilities and Operations

City of Toledo Facilities and Operations 285+ facilities

1 WTP 1 WWTP

1 Active Landfill 1,900+ vehicles

4000 signal heads3400 pedestrian heads

Water Treatment Plant

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Hoffman Rd. Landfill

City of Toledo Government Building

Lucas County Data CollectionData Type Data Sources (2005-2009)

Buildings electricity and natural gas Facility Director, utility bills (kWh, CCF)

Wastewater treatment plant electricity and natural gas

Plant Manager (kWh, CCF)

Pump stations Sanitary Engineer, utility bills (kWh, CCF)

Vehicles gas consumption Purchasing Director, Sanitary Engineer, County Engineer, County Commissioners (gasoline/diesel)

Traffic signals Utility bills (kWh)

Solid waste operations Solid Waste Director

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City of Toledo Data CollectionData Type Data Sources (2009)

Buildings (Electricity) Electricity Usage Data (kWh) for 285+ Buildings

Buildings (Natural Gas) Natural Gas Usage (MMBTU)

Water Treatment Plant Natural Gas and Electricity Cost ($)

Wastewater treatment plant Population Served, Fraction of CH4 in biogas

Solid Waste Facilities Estimated Total SCF & MMBTU

Vehicle Fleet Vehicle Inventory, Odometer Readings, Fleet Manager

Traffic Lights Electricity Usage Data (kWh)

Data was verified with the 2010 Fiscal Budget

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Results

Emissions and Energy Use by Source

Emissions Energy (TJ)

Lucas County

WWTP ProcessesVehicle FuelNatural GasElectricity

30,400 MTCO2e 290 TJ

17

Emissions and Energy Use by Source

Emissions Energy (TJ)

City Of Toledo

Landfill GasWWTP ProcessesVehicle FuelNatural GasElectricity

264,500 MTCO2e 2,010 TJ

18

Emissions and Energy Use by Sector

Emissions Energy (TJ)

Lucas County

Traffic lightsVehicle FuelWWTPFacilities

30,400 MTCO2e 290 TJ

19

Emissions and Energy Use by Sector

Emissions Energy (TJ)

City Of Toledo

Traffic lightsVehicle FuelWTPWWTPLandfillFacilities

264,500 MTCO2e 2,010 TJ

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Emission Totals by Sector Type

21%

73%

6%

<1%

Lucas County30,400 MTCO2e

WWTP

Facilities

Vehicle Fuel

Traffic lights

Landfill

WTP

11%

52%

16%

1%

14%

6%

City of Toledo264,500 MT-

CO2e

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Drinking Water Treatment Plant

City of Toledo87%

13%

ElectricityNatural gas

Lucas CountyNo water treatment plant

City of Toledo Collins Park WTP• Average capacity of 80 MGD• Population served- 500,000people

0 MT CO2e 17,200 MT CO2e

22

Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Lucas CountyMaumee River WWTP• Capacity of 47 MGD• Population served - 80,500 people

City of Toledo Bay View WWTP• Capacity of 102 MGD• Population served- 363,500 people

21%

11%

7,544 MT CO2e 32,200 MT CO2e

23

Wastewater Treatment Emissions

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Methods to Reduce Emissions from Water Treatment

• Energy generationRecover methane from anaerobic digestion process

• Reduce loading– High efficiency toilets– Composting toilets– Low-flow showerheads and faucets– Use of gray water– Use of rain gardens

25

Emissions from Facilities

84%

16%

Electricity Natural Gas

27,000 MT CO2e 204,000 MT CO2e

71%

29%

Electricity Natural gas

Lucas County• 40 facilities City of Toledo

• 285+ facilities

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Methods to Reduce Emissions from Facilities

Lucas County Remotely controlled facility system

projected to reduce energy use by 15-20%

Boiler improvements at county complex 701 Adams to increase energy efficiency

City of Toledo 1 Megawatt First-Solar

Photovoltaic Plant by August 2011 Decrease facilities energy use by

10% by December 2012

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Methods to Reduce Emissions from Facilities

Lucas County Remotely controlled facility system

projected to reduce energy use by 15-20%

Boiler improvements at county complex 701 Adams to increase energy efficiency

City of Toledo 1 Megawatt First-Solar

Photovoltaic Plant by August 2011 Decrease facilities energy use by

10% by December 2012

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Further Steps• Energy Audit

– Lighting– HVAC– Receptacles

• Purchasing Policy

Emissions from Vehicles

Lucas County• 175+ vehicles

City of Toledo

• 1,900+ vehicles

6%

16%

1,800 MT CO2e 48,400 MT CO2e

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Methods to Reduce Emissions from Vehicles

• Procurement policy

• Vehicle/engine replacement on oldest models • External technologies

– anti-idling– retrofit

30

Emissions from Traffic SignalsLucas County• 54 Traffic lights

City of Toledo

• 4,000 signal heads• 3,400 pedestrian heads

<1%

1%

192 MT CO2e 2,200 MT CO2e

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Methods to Reduce Emissions from Traffic Signals

Replaced all traffic signals with LED bulbs in 2003, reduced energy use by 80% per signal. (Lucas County)

All stoplights with LED bulbs by Dec. 2011, 65% complete. (City of Toledo)

• Consider roundabouts at intersections.– Roundabouts reduce emissions created from signals, idling,

and automobile wrecks

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Emissions from Landfill

Lucas County• No landfill

City of Toledo

• Hoffman road landfill• Servicing the residents of Toledo until the

year 2026

14%

0 MT CO2e 41,800 MT CO2e

33

Methods to Reduce Emissions From Landfill

Improved recycling in County managed facilities from 68% to 94%. (Lucas County)

Recycling tonnage is up 300% since 2009. (City of Toledo) Built combined generation plant at Bayview Wastewater

Treatment Plant, runs on landfill gas captured on-site and at Hoffman Road Landfill, reduced CO2e emissions by 70% since 2010. (City of Toledo)

• Create a composting station within Lucas County.

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Conclusions• Totals:

• Breakdown:

– Large items: energy use in buildings, purchasing policy

Annual Energy Usage (TJ)

Annual Emissions (MT CO2e)

City of Toledo 2,010 264,500

Lucas County 290 30,400

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21%

73%

6%

<1%Lucas County

WWTP

Facilities

Vehicle Fuel

Traffic lights

Landfill

WTP

11%

52%

16%

1%14%

6%

City of Toledo

Future Work• Energy and emissions coordinator• Regional/NW Ohio inventory

– Missing• TPS, TARTA, Airport, Port, Sylvania, Oregon…..……

• Climate action plan and energy plan

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Future Work

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Local Governments with Climate Actions Plans

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Future Work

• Energy and emissions coordinator• Regional/NW Ohio inventory• Climate action plan and energy plan

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Lucas County AcknowledgementsThis project would not have been possible without you:

•Jim Shaw: Lucas County, Sanitary Engineer - Pump Stations, Vehicles, Facilities, WWTP•Veronica Jackson: Lucas County, Clerk, Sanitary Engineer’s Office - Pump Stations, Vehicles, Facilities•Mike Cravens: Lucas County, Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator - WWTP•Lynn DiPierro: Lucas County, Director of Purchasing - Vehicles•Earl Reid: Lucas County, Director of Facilities (retired) - Facilities•Chris Pizza: Lucas County, Director of Solid Waste - Vehicles•Keith Earley: Lucas County Engineer – Traffic Signals and Vehicles•Ron Myers: Lucas County Engineer’s Office, Engineer – Traffic Signals•Kara Moore: Lucas County Engineer’s Office, Account Specialist – Traffic Signals•Kim Kettman: Lucas County Engineer’s Office, Road Maintenance – Vehicles•Bridgette Kabat: Lucas County Commissioners, Chief of Staff – Vehicles•Tina Wozniak: Lucas County Commissioners, Commissioner – Vehicles •Meg Adams: First Energy, Director of Public Relations – Emission Factors•Ray Evans: First Energy, Environmental Manager – Emission Factors•The many others around the County who answered questions and provided information

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City of Toledo AcknowledgementsThis project would not have been possible without you:

• Tim Murphy: City of Toledo, Commissioner of Environmental Services – Path Smoother• Julian Highsmith: City of Toledo, Commissioner of Facility & Fleet Operations – Buildings & Vehicles• John Welber: City of Toledo, Alt Administrator Facility & Fleet Operations - Facilities• Jeff Croskey: City of Toledo, Administrator of Fleet Operations – Vehicles & Fuel• John Walthall: City of Toledo, Manager of Water Treatment - Water Treatment• Mike Carson: City of Toledo, Sr. Process Control Analyst – Water Reclamation• Carol Eggert: City of Toledo, Public Service Officer 2 – HFC Emissions for laboratories• Bob Kossow: City of Toledo, P.E. – HFC Emissions• Lori Smigielski: City of Toledo Supervisor of Utility Accounting - Accounting• Barb Jones: City of Toledo, Acting Commissioner of Transportation - Lighting• Karen Okonta: Hull & Associates, Project Manager – Landfill Gas• Chris Windnagle: Hull & Associates - – Landfill Gas• Kevin Rellinger: Shaw Group – Landfill Gas• Jon Sluis: Plante& Moran, CPA– Renewable Energy• Mark Frye: Palmer & Associates – Electricity & Natural Gas• Anne Schenk: Palmer & Associates – Electricity & Natural Gas• The many others around the city who answered questions and provided information

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Questions?