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Transcript of Energy
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 1
When and Where do you think lies the milestone when the ever more affordable alternative energy sources will be more affordable than the ever more expensive fossil fuels.Wake up to be advised that such a day was folded into history while you were seeking profit elsewhere.
Spending Energy is
Fun.Spend it!
Allah does not punish you for a crime you have not committed.
Stop torturing yourself in the dark.Stop burning your money.
ENERGY RESCUE
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 2
Energysources and economics
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 3
Seminar Objectives
• Appreciate current state of the energy market in Pakistan.
• Identifying responsibilities of the consumer.• Pointing to more cost effective sources of
energy in the market.• Identify upcoming technologies and
opportunities.• Discuss various energy sources separately.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 4
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 5
Prevalent Pattern
• 86.2% from Fossil Fuels that are only to get more and more expensive
• Electric supply (grid) offering an ever decreasing uptime
• $6.7billion of foreign exchange being lost in importing oil – each year
• Strategic dependency on imported fuel and shipping lanes
• The psychological impact of knowing one is damaging the environment for his/her children
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 6
Global Fossil Fuel Cost Increase in six years
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 7
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 8
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 9
19711972
19731974
19751976
19771978
19791980
19811982
19831984
19851986
19871988
19891990
19911992
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
20032004
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
0
1,000,000,000
2,000,000,000
3,000,000,000
4,000,000,000
5,000,000,000
6,000,000,000
7,000,000,000
8,000,000,000
Consequences
• Decreasing Demand Growth Rate!!!
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 10
Action
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 11
Reaction
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 12
Invitation
Mr. Bostan
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 13
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 14
No.Something Better.
Much, Much Better.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 15
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 16
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 17
Appreciating your requirement
• 1W=8.766kWh/yr.• Your electricity bill lets you know how much
money you pay for how many kWhs.• Your demand fluctuates, you can calculate your
maximum possible demand by summing the power rating on all appliances.
• Before arranging for your electricity, you want to eliminate pointless wastages such as loose connections and magnet attracting wiring.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 18
Typical Diurnal Variation in a Household’s Consumption
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 19
In the cooler localities...
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 20
Annual Variation
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 21
Energy Sources Discussed
• Prevalent sources• Solar• Wind• Ocean Current• Ocean Thermal
• Geo Thermal• Mist• Artificial Rain• Reduced Boiling
Point• Nuclear Energy
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 22
SOLAR OPTIONS
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 23
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 24
Geographical Availability
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 25
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 26
Assembly Types
• Solar Panels– Electricity generation anywhere under the sun
• Sunlight Intensification– Detour the cost of the panels, if there is room for
the heliostat– Most cost effective means of heating
• Hybrid Installations – typically harnessing wind AND solar energy
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 27
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 28
Solar 101
• At the smallest level, you would rather buy solar cells rather than panels. This substantially reduces cost and gives you options such as making flexible panels: upon your clothes.
• Instead of crying about there being no sunlight at night, consider how comfortable life would be if your mobile phone recharged automatically. Appreciate limitations, yet search for applications.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 29
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 30
Solar 102
• Solar water heaters are already quite economically available in Pakistan and elsewhere. Don’t try to compete with the economies of scale of mass production – just buy the complete product!
• If your choice of electricity for your premises is solar.– Double and triple check the geographical distribution of
solar energy.– Hire an engineer for the acrylic Fresnel lens and heliostat
rather than bringing in truck loads of panels.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 31
Liquid water / solution (at pressure)
Steam / with any dust – driving any turbine
DC electricity
Steam at pressure pretty good at
cooking!
If this lens has to get large, it also has to be an un-oriented wind
turbine!
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 32
Solar 103
• Larger installations should be hybrid – harnessing Solar AND Wind/Mist.
• Automate tasks such as filling your rooftop water tank to happen when the sun is at work.
• The high temperatures that you can achieve at the focus of the lens mean that you can set up a cottage industry – for example extracting oxidized aluminum from soil.
• This is a global revolution. Even if you can’t save yourself, someone else will!
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 33Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Average Sunlight in Karachi: hours per day: source BBC weather
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 34
Solar 104
• Let’s assume you consume 2000kWhs (ie units) of electricity a month, and you install a 2400W solar electricity supply on your roof.
• In Karachi you will save an average of 596 kWhs (units) on your electricity bill.
• Your solar electricity supply cost you Rs.48,000/- (plus human resource)
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 35
Solar 105
• You saved Rs. 7748/ a month in your electricity bill: 16.14%/month.
• Ask your bank what it would have given you on Rs. 48,000/-
• Should all consumers reduce their demand by 29.8% the country will have excess electricity ‐and no load shedding.
• Excess supply will force prices down
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 36
WIND OPTIONS
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 37
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 38
Geographical Availability
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 39
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 40
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 41
Recent Improvements
• More wind at higher altitudes, modern wind turbines are kites rather than towers.
• An Aziz Hussein in Township Lahore developed turbine blades optimized for all wind speeds.
• A funnel type structure around the turbine can adjust the wind speed across the blades to give a consistent generation.
• NEPRA has taken over the “risk factor” of the wind energy industry.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 42
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 43
Wind Speed Control
Ability to increase and decrease the radius of the funnel kind structure means ability to increase / decrease wind speed across the turbine!
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 44
Shape Changing
TurbinesFrom Aziz Hussein
Township Lahore
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 45
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 46
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 47
Kites
• KiteGen has begun selling around 20MW onto the Italian grid.
• Dozens of other teams elsewhere reaching for the energy from the sky.
• Electricity has become more affordable.• Electricity has become relatively more affordable.• This is the essence of this address: advise all
sleeping beauties of this stud that is yawning in their vicinity.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 48
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 49
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 50
The American attempt
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 51
Pakistani kites are exclusively being developed as missile silos and for other military applications
As we have better energy sources
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 52
OCEAN CURRENT
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 53
Geographical Distribution
• Kites, only heavier, tapping continuous or tidal currents.
• Even more affordable than wind energy.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 54
OCEAN THERMAL
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 55
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 56
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 57
Interesting Aspects
• Carnot cycle between ocean surface and ocean bed.
• Cycles secondary product – distilled water, cooling / air conditioning.
• Most aggressive air conditioning technology known. Cool largest coastal city, while generating both electricity AND fresh water.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 58
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 59
Temperature Difference between surface and Ocean bed
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 60
GEO THERMAL
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 61
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 62
Aspects
• Requires water (fresh, dirty, brackish, or sea) as raw material.
• Carnot cycle between earth’s surface and underlying hot crust.
• By-product steam/hot water/distilled water.• Very cost effective and environment friendly
source of energy and fresh water.• The default climate control tool when you want
to warm up a locality.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 63
Are You Ready For The Max?
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 64
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 65
MIST
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 66
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 67
Introduction
• Achieve temperature difference by spraying mist in air.
• Run a Carnot cycle between this temperature difference.
• Hybridize with wind energy.• Use directly to cool / pre-cool.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 68
Mist
Low Pressure RegionTurbines Fans
Dynamo
Mist Energy Schematic
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 69
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 70
Suggested Prototype (for Karachi)
• 5gpm / 150 psi mist / average net 14.475kW• Carnot efficiency and Karachi average weather
conditions (from BBC weather) used for calculations.• Minimum generation 3.89kW at midnight to 0600 hrs
in August.• Maximum generation 30.4kW at 1200 hrs to 1800
hrs in December.• Cooling: a consistent 712kW, or a 203 ton AC.• Consumes water: 316g/s.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 71Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Power Output
0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24kW
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 72
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 73
Remaining Specifications
• Radius 4.76m. Length 15m.• Estimated cost, Rs. 300,000/- (~Rs. 20/W or
Rs.0.32/kWh) plus human resource• Doesn’t get better than this…• Energy Consuming Air Conditioners (203 ton)
cost way more.• Compare with our grid’s distribution cost of Rs
0.50/kWh• Taps Mist AND Wind Energy.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 74
/ WIND HYBRIDMist / Solar
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 75
Minimizing storage in a grid free small enterprise
• Mist Turbine peak production comes with an approximately π/2 phase lag as compared to Solar.
• Distributing your investment in Solar/Wind and Mist/Wind you should need only 6 hours of storage.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 760 to 6 6 to 12 12 to 18 18 to 24
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Daily Variation
Rs. 300,000 Mist/Wind TurbineRs. 300,000 Solar Electric SupplySum
kW
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 77Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Annual Variation
MistSolarTotal
kW
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 78
ARTIFICIAL RAIN
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 79
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 80
Recent Developments
• A certain industrial process produces reduced silica: as a waste product, with a grain structure that leaves it as good as a flare: only that this burned silicon then flies up to bring down clouds!
• Rain can be started but not stopped: threat of floods, use will remain limited to hilly areas where there is no drainage issue.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 81
Artificial Rain
• Technology not economically advisable in the absence of over head clouds or in the presence of strong winds.
• Considered the strongest climate control technology: drop the clouds every sunset and you will cool down your locality, drop them only at dawn and you will heat up your vicinity. The more cloud cover you have, the more you control your climate.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 82
Reduced Boiling PointAs a means of tapping evaporation
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 83
Concept
• Reduce the pressure above water, it will boil at a much lower temperature.
• The water vapor introduced by the boiling can leave the system via a filter: that only allows monatomic molecules to pass through.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 84
Valve to fill water and remove air
Monatomic tensile membranes to let out
the vapor. Argon in air (10mbar) leaks in
from here.
The pressure above this water is greatly reduced. It boils at a
much reduced temperature: often
lower than the ambient
temperature
Instead of utilizing the low temperature of the water,
we can have the vapor passing across turbines,
giving mechanical energy.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 85Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Average Vapor Pressure in Karachi (mbar)
0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 86Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Reduced Boiling Point Karachi Celsius
0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 87Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Ambient Temperature Karachi Celsius
AverageMinMax
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 88Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec0
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30 Maintainable Room Temperature in Karachi by RBP: Celsius
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 89Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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RBPMinAverageMax
oC
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 90Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Ambient Temperature minus RBP: Celsius
0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 91Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Pressure difference available: if temperature drop is compromised (mbar)
0 to 66 to 1212 to 1818 to 24
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 92
Best Solution (Electricity / Air Conditioning) for the Apartment.
• For the entire year, can provide electricity to an apartment that may not harness solar or wind energy: nor has the space for a Mist Turbine. 18 hrs of storage will however be required.
• Does not eliminate but does reduce air conditioning requirements: 34C down to 27C.
• Unlike Mist Energy, does not inflict any too low temperatures in the winters. This superiority could prove decisive.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 93
AIR CONDITIONING
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 94
Air Conditioning as an Energy Source!
• Ambient Temperature changes diurnally.• Insulation means that our buildings tend to
maintain the average inside them.• This means that every day we may run a
Carnot cycle between the air in the room and outside: while improving conditions in the room!
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 95Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
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Monthly Average Temperatures for Karachi as per BBC weather
AverageMinMax
oC
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 96
Air Conditioning as an Energy Source!
• In the winter, we can run such a cycle in the day, generating a small amount of electricity, and heating up our cold dwelling.
• In the summer, we can run such a cycle every night, generating a small amount of electricity, and beating the heat in our rooms.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 97
Air Conditioning as an Energy Source!
• A little mist turbine in the area will solve the problem of some nights also being too hot.
• The amount of energy from such an installation is going to be small, yet hybridization with other energy sources always results in the most cost effective air conditioning AND lower cost for one’s electricity.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 98
BREEDER REACTORS
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 99
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 100
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 101
When the Sun is Not Enough
• Enormous growth potential of this family of technologies needs to be appreciated.
• We cannot afford to suffice on fission based detonation.
• We cannot afford to trust the government that failed in Thar with such a task.
• The private technocrat will have to come forward, develop: and then deploy the design and technology.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 102
GOVERNMENT
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 103
Government Level Recommendations
• Ocean bed water to air condition coastal cities: fresh water and electricity as by products.
• Geo Thermal Power Stations in permafrost areas: melt the glaciers and permafrost.
• Mist and Rain also as climate control tools: electricity as by product.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 104
Government Level Recommendations
• Hydroelectric dams controlling the floods and cashing in on the increased rains.
• Kites for military, law enforcement, and communication.
• Waste to Energy plants.• Breeder Reactors in cooler areas.• When and if even more energy is required:
raise more kites.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 105
BUSINESS
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 106
To the Investor
• Intensified sunlight is a distinct form of energy, like heat and electricity, that is often best used directly.
• Pakistan can best generate around 1.5-2TW of Mist/Wind Energy. Solar will determine the price of electricity in our foreseeable future: 160TW capacity.
• Do not miss out on the cooling from OTEC and Mist or the heating from Solar and GeoThermal.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 107
CITIZEN
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 108
To the Citizen
• Ambient heat and dirty / saline water are not things to complain about.
• No one not consuming solar energy is in any position to complain about load shedding or the economy.
• China is consuming ~360GW and the USA ~30TW: you are consuming around 20GW: have to consume >160TW, you have a lot of work to do: stop checking out the girls!
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 109
Know thy Enemy
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 110
Know thy Enemy
• Pakistan maintains the ability to sterilize India while taking sustainable damage (Prithvi I is India’s only in service strategic delivery vehicle).
• Pakistan also maintains the ability to sterilize the United States, while being sterilized in response.
• The ease with which a government employee may be tipped in Pakistan remains the enemies weapon of choice.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 111
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 112
Know thy Enemy
• NADRA and our Police serve their objective of sabotaging our design and development projects.
• PEC / HEC serve to misguide you as to who is literate and who is not.
• AEDB / KESC / WAPDA try to convince you that every possible effort is being made.
• Yes I did just challenge all these entities, what are they going to do?
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 113
Short Course on Keeping Pakistan from its Energy
• Identify habitual scientists
• Steal their CNICs
• Tip NADRA into simply not listening when they ask for a copy
• Tip the police
into going deaf when they complain
• Tip any lawyers they hire
• Send infantry in civil clothes to break up any prototypes: and beat up
whomever tried to make them
• You find anyone guilty of prototyping, focus on his source of income and his habitat
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 114
Short Course on Energizing Pakistan
• Go to one of the Jihad fronts: learn how to survive in the face of hostility
• Prefer working on technologies that you know the developed
world will be little interested in
• The enemy will isolate you: use it to give time to your mission
• The enemy will sabotage your
resources: make your project even more economical
• Hold on to your ego, nothing else
• Because…
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 115
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 116
•
It is only YOU that
needs electricity / energy / Pakistan.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 117
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 118
Don’t Worry About Me
I am
PAKISTAN
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 119
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 120
To the Citizen
• Appreciate how many jobs and business opportunities are to show up: choose your stride in time.
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 121
Dr. Faisal Tajir
Coming Seminars on:• Water: sources and
economics• Climate Control• Space: how & why• Anti Strategic Delivery
Vehicles
• Highest IQ Level of all SAARC and all OIC• Ph.D. Electronic
Engineering • Ph.D. Mechanical
Engineering• In excess of 300
inventions• +92-313-2088531• [email protected]