Energy

何謂１度電 ？• 就是耗電量 1,000 瓦特 (W) 的用電器具，

連續使用 1 小時 (h) 所消耗的電量，表示為「 1,000 瓦特．小時 (1,000Wh) 」或「 1千瓦特．小時 (1kWh) 」。

• 例： 10 瓦特的小夜燈，用電 1,000 小時消耗多少度電？

答： 10 瓦特 ×1,000 時＝ 10,000 瓦特．小時 (Wh) ＝ 10 千瓦特．小時 (kWh) ＝ 10kWh ＝ 10 度電。

Oil Basics

• Naturally occurring liquid hydrocarbon with chains between C5H12 and C18H38

• An oil barrel (abbreviated as bbl) is a unit of volume whose definition has not been universally standardized. In the United States and Canada, an oil barrel is defined as 42 US gallons, which is equivalent to 158.987294928 liters exactly.

Usage per Barrel

• A barrel of crude oil produces 20 gals gasoline, 9 gals diesel fuel, 4 gals jet fuel, 2 gals heavy oil and 9 gals others.

• End use of oil products: 60% for transport, 10% for industrial energy, 17% for industrial non-energy (e.g. plastics) and 16% for other purposes.

Key issues

• At current prices and consumption, proven reserves are forecasted to last for 32 years until 2045.

• It contains roughly 120 kg of carbon per barrel oil.

Coal

• Is formed from plant matter compacted and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over time.

• Primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C5H4O1 and also contains moisture, ash, sulfur, and numerous trace metals.

• Coal contains many impurities emitted to the air during combustion, leading to smog (from NOX), acid rain (from NOX, SO2), mercury deposition and particulate-induced respiratory diseases.

Wind

• No emissions of CO2 and SO2

• Wildlife impacts to birds and bats

• Land usage: 28-83 acres/MW

• Noise:

• Aesthetics

Geothermal

• The most geothermal electrical generation country in the world: USA 28%, Philippines

22%, Mexico 11%, Indonesia 9%, Italy 9%, Japan 6%, New Zealand 5%, Iceland 2%.

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