docking unit I1

This transition, transit compartment between the missile and launcher. The birth of this transitional structure in the total composition rocket "Energy" is due to several factors, one of which - the need to create conditions for the assembly shop detachable connections of hydraulic and pneumatic lines and electrical circuits. Direct analogues of such structures in rocketry enough. For example, combat missiles of SS-18 and SS-24, placed in transport-launch containers in its structure are discontinuous and plug connections of rocket start, collected in an industrial environment at the stage of final assembly. Straight joints with a starting launcher carried out in the open, a rough version, which allows you to be paired at the start of weather conditions - wind, rain, snow and dust. These joints have the necessary protection and design elements that provide a guaranteed reliable connections, integrity and purity of line.

Homepage-docking unit serves as a power bottom base plate, which is attached to the first stage unit packet, and in conjunction with the main circuit of the central block forms a one-piece construction, provides transportation of missiles in the transport-erector and install it in a vertical position at the start. The unit performs a safety device that prevents the launch vehicle from the direct effects and the impact of the return streams running rocket propulsion engines at the start of the media. Overall Homepage-docking unit, the function is part of the ground complex. The unit is designed for repeated use to conduct an appropriate volume of repair and maintenance work after each start.Besides Homepage-docking unit as intermediate devices in the upper belt ties with rocket launch system used adapter navigation system and filling-farm drainage mast, which are mounted on board the missile and the central unit at the start of the team are detached, remaining within the launch facility.

The original version of Homepage-docking unit IThe original version of Homepage-connection block "I". Note the units of the system maintenance pH at the initial stage of its movement. If further work on the unit "I" of using the system refused to support that led to the lowering of the rocket in the first launch May 15, 1987.

Homepage-docking unit - I unit - simple, rectangular shape in terms of the outer contour, with dimensions of 20.25 m by 11.5 m and a height of a flat portion of the housing of 1.2 m. Weight finally subassembly 150 m. On the upper surface of the block column mounted unit I pneumohydraulic relations with the board of the central unit missiles and flip 300 at the start of the mast cable connections to board the rocket. The internal configuration of openings and windows of the unit corresponds to the contour of the cross section of the aft part of the rocket with the formation of a power capes bearing blocks of the first stage. Inner contours determined by the size nozzle engines with a view to ensuring non-impact output at the start of the rocket nozzle. On the outer perimeter secured a number of power-rigging elements: pins, brackets and spherical support.The housing unit is a power base. On the upper surface of the unit in places of demountable connections are located covers closing docking stations and elements from the effects of a hot flow of the main engines running at startup. Lower plane accommodates a docking device pneumohydraulic and electrical systems on the launch pad.The power unit body construction consists of six compartments stacked together by bolts. Each section is a welded construction of sheet steel AK-25.

Poster-process unit (block layout I)

After undocking elektroplaty lower part attributable to the unit, under the action of the pusher is pulled into the mast, fixed at the same time opens up, moved to the lower position, the mechanism of withdrawal of the mast. The mast tilts torsion mechanism 300 with respect to its initial position and the stopper spring grips the support bracket. Cover elektroplaty relieved when the board neutral position by springs and covers electrical connectors. This, tilted away from the rocket, with a closed position elektroplatoy mast takes power, thermal and acoustic effects of the gas stream running rocket engines.At the command "touch lift" lower part of the board plug connections of the central unit, which remains on the launch, docking unit, under the force of four pushers attracted to the column and falls on its upper end. To mitigate the impact in the places where they established contact spring shock absorbers and PTFE sleeve. Cover column is closed by the rod spring. Rasstoporenie locking mechanism cover in the open position produced a lever mechanism, one arm of which rests on the cone of the central rocket unit and discharged as it moves into the early start.Cover closing locations plug connections due to the side of missiles, closed with a spring drive after the start of the rocket, excluding collision caps with side blocks. Small Caps before starting are upright, freely based on the lateral surface of the tail section of blocks, moving the rocket slide on the guide pads tail section and released, the spring force and the stopper mechanism snaps shut. Larger cap in its initial position horizontally mounted on the rocker arm. When the rocket arm slips off the tail section of the side rocket unit and triggers a closure cap. Caps which are in an inclined position, based on the lateral surface of the roller and closed after when the roller rolls to the side surface of the side rocket unit.

-docking unit rocket "Energy":

In the process of assembling a rocket and starting-block connection fixed cover all technological devices in a position that does not prevent the assembly. After assembly the lid are reset.The outer surface of the starter housing-unit connection is protected from the force and thermal effects of the gas streams running the main engines panel thermal barrier coating. The panels are made of heat-resistant and heat-resistant composite material ZSP - CFRP based on silica glass. The panels are fixed to the body with bolts, the heads of which are closed thermal protection caps made of pressed material AG-4V. To eliminate blow-joints between the panels performed their labyrinth and filled with sealant "Viksint." On the surface of the column pneumohydraulic systems and heat-shielding panel mast is placed on the sub-layer of a material TIM-4 for the purpose of thermal insulation systems under long-term temperature conditions daily and seasonal fluctuations. Protruding elements such as brackets, supports and pins are closed tselnopressovannymi heat-shielding caps removed when hoisting work with blocks and missiles.Since the kickoff-docking unit performs the function of communication with the rocket launch facilities, the system to be placed in the block are essentially transit. The main ones are: the system of filling and draining the fuel components, circulation system, temperature control, level control, compressed gases charging system, the system of control of pressure, venting and inerting environment compartments missiles, ensuring temperature in the compartments, fire and explosion prevention system and steering gear . Ventilation systems, ensuring temperature and fire and explosion prevention are not only transit, but also perform the same functions with regard to the start-docking unit. The system of post-combustion emission of unreacted hydrogen rocket system undocking links - front-docking unit is a closed system as a part of this unit. Reburning of unreacted hydrogen emissions during start-up and shutdown of oxygen-hydrogen propulsion engines of the central unit.In order to create fire and explosion-proof environment inside the body cavity sealed unit is divided by partitions into compartments "oxygen" and "kerosene". Hydrogen Highway routed separately through a column pneumohydraulic systems. Educated compartments are ventilated through the collectors and their volumes creates a protective inert gas - nitrogen.Pneumohydraulic Transit system located in the block include the usual elements for them: lines, knots connections, electro-pneumatic valves, pyro valve, check valves, valves and other pylevlagozaschitnye varieties, filters and interconnect components due to the rocket and launch launcher.By the start-docking unit served hydrogen, oxygen, kerosene, helium, nitrogen gas, freon, oil for steering drives, compressed air. The unit installed in 1123 the pipeline with a total length of about 12 km. Pipelines are made primarily of steel EP810-VD (about 790 titles), 12X18H10T (318), and the remaining 15 - steel DI52-VD. Pipelines for cryogenic components - hydrogen and oxygen - insulated polyurethane foam spraying type "Ripor." As bellows expansion joints movements applied, sharniroobraznye, loop design. Fittings, valves, actuated by a command from the control system, that is in electrical communication and a certain probability of emission of gases enclosed in pnevmoschity in which force creates a constant inert environment.Plug connection of hydraulic and pneumatic connections Homepage-docking unit with a launcher located on the column pneumohydraulic systems on the outer wall of the column, a vertical wall of the housing unit under the column and the lower edge of the housing. Joining these compounds produced by means of a starting complex after the installation launcher to launcher.Plug connection pneumohydraulic relations with side blocks launcher located on top of the Homepage, the docking unit and concentrated in sets under each block of the first stage. With the central rocket unit pneumatichydraulic communication systems, including hydrogen, is carried through the column pneumatichydraulic systems.Plug connection connections interconnect pneumohydraulic mainly undocks portsionerami force team "contact recovery" and only some of them - the course of a rocket.The so-called decoupling "progress" is essentially a rocket undocking the fluid connection of the moving force at the start of the rocket. Such releasable connections may be designed as a complete valve assembly, which is normally arranged sealing the junction with a calibrated spring force - such a separation joint occurs without compromising the integrity of the valve. Or the compound can be in the form of a valve device, which tightness is achieved not only seal gaskets and solid one-piece construction compound. In that case, a weak section in which force when moving the rocket this design breaks when driving course missile. The weak link is sometimes made of less resistant materials, including plastics.The peculiarity and attractiveness of such a releasable connection is its reliability and timeliness of undocking. Reliability due to simplicity of design. In this circuit, with proper design it, - the minimum number of elements involved in the work, including no need to depend on the reliability of the operation command. Timeliness of separation - a quality which makes it possible to be sure that the pipe is not broken during the failed rocket motion. Undocking line occurs only when started an irreversible process - movement, and only at the beginning of the movement. In fact, if you sever ties before lifting when the failed missile launch remains of fluid management. In this case, there is a dangerous situation is unplanned.It would, no doubt - needed only communication undocks course of a rocket. So dividing joints are made of virtually all combat missiles. However, given that the number of connections is large enough spread and asymmetry, the force on the undocking progress rocket takes significant level, especially when placing the bonds on the periphery of the cross section of the rocket - a problem of stability of the rocket. For large perturbations of the control system can not cope with the stabilization of the rocket and to give, at best, off-nominal mode of flight, if not an accident.Undocking pneumohydraulic and electrical connections on the team before the start of the movement creates almost ideal conditions for the beginning of a missile. However, this scheme requires a very high degree of processing and system design excellence division. The design of the rocket "Energy" was the vast majority of detachable joints, undocks team. Part of the connectors in the basic control pressure undocks course of a rocket. This design decision was not unanimous. A staunch opponent of the scheme was adopted VPBarmin. Already in 1982 at the Council of Chief Designers, he demanded to revise the scheme. It was established a group of experts tasked to re-evaluate the correctness of the decision. Group entrusted me to lead - a supporter of the gap connectors swing. But the state of development of the project and the prevailing situation at the time made it impossible to radically alter the design. The Group has reported (in case of disagreement designers ground-based) that the scheme should be retained in the form in which it was designed. I supported the opinion of the group and we have directed our attention to the careful development of the division.But before starting May 15, 1987 battle was between academics and VPBarmin Glushko, who filmed their guarantees on the reliability of the launch, exposing once again criticized the system. The Commission adopted the General Designer VP Glushko. Barmin addressed me as Chief Designer, which, he said, has sufficient experience in the development of military missiles, to cancel the launch and alter the design. It was unreal. Knowing him, I still could not support it. But the system itself has shown. At the second start-up, 29 October 1988 not undock hinged sighting unit. This site lurked just a mistake.To control pyro aid of valves and other devices located in block number of devices which are included in the housing to create a temperature control and a neutral medium. To measure the temperature and pressure of the gas medium inside the applied temperature sensors such as TP and gauge pressure transmitters type DD.Electrical connection Homepage-docking unit through discontinuous elektroplaty. Each side rocket unit has about 1,500 telecommunication circuits, central - 2000. On the side blocks are used explosive type connectors PC-50, the central unit - such as 9P. Contact launcher carried three elektroplaty placed on the underside of the starting-and-docking unit. Each board has eighteen type connectors "Bhutan", allows automatic docking of the carrier rocket through the starting block with a launcher.The power connection is carried out with a missile unit in sixteen points - four on each side of the unit. Each power unit has two pnevmozamka, axial loads, and two guide pins - for transverse loads. To ensure the compensation of errors in the assembly and manufacture of rocket units nodes have the ability to adjust the axial direction up to fifty millimeters in the transverse and angular directions - within two degrees. Replacing pneumatic locks provided through a special hatch and does not cause difficulties.Opening and closing pnevmozamkov conducted by a control air pressure up to two hundred atmospheres. When the pressure pnevmozamok retains its original position - open or closed. The resource allows reuse of castles. In preparing the rocket for launch team made the disclosure after refueling propellants - in advance of irreversible processes to increase the reliability of operation of the locks on the opening provided by the duplication of their discovery using the Unified pyrotechnic device.