Enel Grid Bratislava

Smart Grid Project

Bratislava, 27th May 2008Sandra Scalari ENEL Research Technical Area

Uso:Aziendale

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Its aim is to formulate and promote a vision for the development of Europes electricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond, driving European and national research.

European SmartGrids Technology Platform

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*Why Distributed Generation should increase ?Higher efficiency in energy conversion, due to Distributed production of heat and electricity (CHP plants)Renewable energy sources exploitation, which are intrinsically Reduction of transmission and distribution costs, although this depends on DG locationModularity of DG Technologies, that is expected reduction of costs due to a scale factorImprovement in reliability and quality of supply, depending on possible improvement of DG and network operationAdoption of targets by national and international governs and authorities, to support RES and CHP developmentPossibility of open and competitive markets, end-user oriented

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*Present barriers to DG exploitationHigh technology costs

Existing distribution network are not designed and/or operated to support DG integration, new criteria and rules have to be defined

Ancillary services for DG are not fully recognized

DG success is related to the development of Smart Grids.Active distribution grids with widespread integration of small size generators and distributed intelligence, able to support end users interactivity with market and grid operators

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*Responding to new needsUser-centric approach: increased interest in electricity market opportunities, flexible demand, micro generation,

Electricity networks renewal and innovation: efficient asset management, increasing degree of automation,

Security of supply: diversification of energy sources, promotion of renewable energy sources, increase network capacity, higher reliability and quality,..

Liberalized markets: opportunities for developing new products and services, ..

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*From today to tomorrow: Grid EvolutionFrom traditional grids

To grids of tomorrow Large Generation StationsCentralized controlUnidirectional power flowsRegional power flow capacityLimited interaction with loadsExtensive small distributed generationCoordinated local energy managementBidirectional power flowsCross border trading of power and grid servicesFlexible DSM and customer-driven added services

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*Key elements of the vision: what we needA toolbox of proven technical solutionHarmonized regulatory and commercial frameworksShared technical standards and protocolsInformation, computing and telecommunication systemsInterfacing of new and old design, that is interoperability of equipments

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*Transition towards Smart GridsThe transition from current distribution networks towards Smart Grids will pass through three significant succeeding steps. During this transition the focus will pass from energy value to information valueActive Network: medium voltage grids with a strong penetration of distributed generation; this generation is directly controlled from DSO, depending on network power flows.Micro-Grid: low voltage grids with renewable source generation and storage systems; the grid can be island operated and emergency connected to the main grid.Virtual utilities: internet like grids where energy is locally generated but negotiated among producers and consumers according to a price signal.

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*Enel Distribution NetworkMedium Voltage2000 Primary Substations (HV/MV)334.000 km87.500 MVA

Low Voltage345.000 Secondary Substations (MV/LV)725.000 km65.700 MVA

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*Enel Environment and Innovation Project: Smart Grid ProjectObjective:Development and Experimentation of innovative solutions for a strong penetration of distributed generation from renewable sources in distribution grids, according to the European SmartGrids Technology Platform guidelines.

Responsibilities:DistributionGrid ModelsMV grid control and protection systems MV grid communication systems

Research Technical AreaGenerator ModelsGenerator Control Systems

Field Tests

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*Project PhasesOptimized Management of Grids with bidirectional power flowsActive GridsSmart GridsWell-established TechnologiesInnovative TechnologiesAdvanced Technologies

Research will support the most innovative part of well-established technologies and will develop medium and long time term projects supporting involved operating units.

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*First Phase: Optimized Management of Actual GridsObjectives:To manage distribution grids with high penetration of DG, avoiding generation detachment for single protection interventionTo allow a major penetration of distributed generationTo increase system reliability

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*Second phase: Active GridsObjectives:To allow island operation To manage generation and load balancingTo manage separation and parallel with other grids To improve grid accessTo increase grid availability

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*Third phase: Smart Grid (DMS)Objectives:To allow production dispatchmentTo allow demand response and demand side managementTo promote the development of an energy marketTo allow energy network integration (Gas and electricity)To allow grid services exchange

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Mathematical ModelsLaboratory tests

Knowledge and personnel Availability of Complementary competencesStrong team work vocation and application of scientific knowledgeResearch and Universities CooperationUniversity will support Enel Research in the most innovative aspects of the project and in the development of medium and long time projects: it will actively cooperate to the experimental tests. The main cooperation areas will be:

University and Research can rely on:6 Electrical Engineering Departments :BOLOGNA, CAGLIARI, GENOVA, NAPOLI, PADOVA, PISA

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*Completamento autorizzazioni per sottorete BT

Progettazione matrice di prove per rete prototipaleProgettazione e specificazione rete e dispositivi BT

Acquisizione componenti infrastruttura Realizzazione infrastruttura sperimentaleAvviamento ed integrazione sistemiAvvio procedure per acquisizione sistemi BT

Sperimentazione della rete attiva MTPermissionsProject Construction and commissioningExperimental Activity

Integrazione reti MT/BT

Sperimentazione della rete attiva MT/BTBusiness plan approval and first bureaucratic proceduresTest network definitonTest Facility first designTest facility Components identifcationSW tools acquisitionInstrumentation AcquisitionSmart Grid: 2007-2011 Development Plan

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*Smart Grid: Macro ActivitiesMODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSISSMART GRID TEST FACILITYDISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMSSTORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMSSCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)COMMUNICATION SYSTEMREGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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*General objectivesTo define the project vision, the fundamental concepts and the system architecture.To develop the necessary tools to support all project phases through numerical simulations.

NotesThe definition of one ore more simulation environments allows: Exchange of simulation configurationsSharing of data and results among the project partecipants

2007-2008 Activity Topology and data identification of test networkIdentification and acquisition of simulation environmentsDevelopment, integration and test of component models

Modeling and Simulation Analysis (1)

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* Development and use of simulation tools to support all steps of the project has initiated

The chosen reference network is a typical distribution MV grid, working in radial mode with the possibility of connections. It includes: Feeders departing from one HV/MV substation Distributed Generators (DG) Implementation of the Smart Grid model of Livorno site is almost completed Modeling and Simulation Analysis (2) Reference Network

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* Adopted Software Platforms : DIgSilent Power Factory: for the steady-state phenomena analysisEMTP-RV: for the fast transition phenomena analysisDeveloped models:Gas turbine and wind generatorStatic VAR compensatorDynamic loadsLines, protections and substations

Developed DMS and EMS functions:Generation curtailmentLoad sheddingVoltage and power control strategies with coordinated behaviour of generation unitsPower Quality indexes calculationModeling and Simulation Analysis (3) Reference Network

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*Smart Grid Test Facilities (1)General ObjectivesTo verify the feasibility of developed solution on real distribution networks, along all project phases

NotesThis activity includes:Design and development of Livorno Experimental AreaAll activities related to test of innovative instrumentation, communication rigsIntegration of developed solutions on real Distribution networks

2007-2008 ActivitiesDesign, authorization plan, components acquisition for Livorno Experimental AreaDesign, acquisition and first application of measurement tools and instruments

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*Smart Grid Test Facility (2)Experimental issues:Management of balance including independent thermal and electric loadsOperation in intentional islanding and connected to public networkStudy and development of control and interface systemsStudy of storage and a compensation systems with power and quality functionsStudy and development of protection systems for low short circuit power systemsDevelopment of grid operation and control systems Test and development of communication systemsThe Smart Grid experimental area realization is in progress in the Research Experimental Area of Livorno, Italy

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*Smart Grid Test Facility (3)The test facility includes:A dispatching 15kV panel, including two sections to allow the configuration of a MV feeder with different topologies, up to four nodes.A connection to MV public grid through the upstream grid emulation system and island switchgearCable and over-head line emulators An electrical test area with several generation systems A thermal test area for load emulationA test facility with a low voltage active grid connected with the Smart Grid

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*Smart Grid Test Facility (4)Medium/Low Voltage Active Grid Prototype

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*Distributed architecture for different types of instruments:Standards instruments : commercial CT and VT High-performance instruments : Fluke familyPrototypal customer instruments : CRIO National Instruments

Instrument Applications: Monitoring and control of the main electrical measurements at the network nodesDetermination of the parameters to define Power Quality indexesDeveloping innovative tools for the analysis, management and control of active networksVoltage measurements in order to develop synchro phasors analysis Instrumentation for control and power qualitySmart Grid Test Facility (5)

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*Distribuited Generation Systems (1)The research themes, which will be validated first in the simulation environment and then on the field, are: Dispersed generation modeling for the evaluation of coordinated behavior of generation units, with following integration on a real operated grid.Voltage control strategies on MV active network, to be implemented in generator control systems.Integrated management of network resources, deriving some concepts from HV secondary regulation. Test will be undertaken in critical conditions, both connected to the grid and in islanding mode.

Smart Grid MV Generation units: Generation types were chosen according to current distributed generation parks.A conventional generation system (1MWe) consisting of an internal combustion motor and a co-generation system.A gas turbine based generation system (about 650 kWe) and a tri-generative system, including a boiler and an absorption chiller.Two Fuel Cell generation system (250 and 500 kWe), based on different technologies

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*Low Voltage Grid ComponentsLow Voltage Generation Systems:Micro Grid test facilityWide spectrum of market available technologies:Photovoltaic PanelsMini Wind GeneratorsSmall Domestic cogeneration systemsFuel Cells

Generator size:10 100 kW.

Low Voltage Grid Loads:Real loads, such as a smart house loads Load emulation for developing a nd testing of advanced load management

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*Aims of the Project: To identify storage systems typologies and accommodation, according to their capacity and use. Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (1)Storage system

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*Aims of the Project: Conceive storage systems functions, size and position.Improve the management of the grid.Improve the quality of the service. Research and Experimental s Themes:Development, implementation and test of the following services: Power and energy transfer Slow voltage regulation and rephasing Emergency Active filtering Ramp Fast voltage regulation and rephasing Short-time interruptions and voltage holes coverage

Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (2)Static VAR Compensator System

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*Power Quality ServiceCase of study: 1MW load and a 1MVA compensator. The transient reported shows the tripping of the mains at t=0.7s, the re-synchronisation at t=1.7s, a step in the voltage reference Vrf0 at t=2.5s and a step in the frequency reference f0 at t=3.5s.Fig. 3. Inverter real and reactive power.Fig. 4. Mains supplied real and reactive power.Fig. 5. Load real and reactive powerFig. 6. Inverter terminal frequencyStorage and Static VAR Compensator System (3)Static VAR Compensator System

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*Emulated Systems (1)Electrical Load EmulatorsThe research activity will afford themes related to load estimation, modelling techniques and load control policies.As it will be necessary to reply different load trends, according to network power level, an emulation load system will be employed.Through a proper controlled inverter system it will be possible to reproduce active and reactive load power profiles for an amount of about 2MW.Thermal Load EmulatorsThe availability of thermal emulation system is essential to dissipate the thermal power produced by co/tri-generative systems, in an independent way of real available thermal users.This system will allow the modulation of the cold/warm load request in order to control generators in different ways (thermal or electrical load follow modes).Thermal load profiles will be reproduced to simulate the real behaviour of this type of systems when they are connected to a real heating/conditioning network.

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*Electrical Generation Units EmulatorsThe size and the urban location of the test facility do not allow the installation of renewable generation such as wind park.This type of electrical generation will be emulated through controlled inverter systems; these will allow the reproduction of different generation profiles and the emulation of the control system too.Electrical Grid and Line EmulatorsIn order to test a variable topology network some devices could vary total impedance of MV electrical lines or of the upstream network.Through the network emulator the feeding condition of the experimental network could be varied respect to the upstream primary station.The dispatching panel, together with the protection and lines emulation system, will set up a MV feeder, emulating over-head and underground lines for an amount of about 30 km.Emulated Systems (2)

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*Maintenance of adequate voltage profiles Management of protections systems Control of power conversion systemsSCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (1)Network stabilityDispatching of different resourcesManagement of power quality Providing of ancillary services The research project objectives: Guidelines for the DG integration in the planning of electricity networks, including protection devices and related control systemIdentification of innovative HW/SW tools to develop new network management criteriaCriteria for integrated management of generators and loads Criteria for establishment of a MV dispatching systemIdentification and valorization of ancillary services Today and future issues for MV network managementEvolution from control and supervision to integrated management

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*Basic functions for managing the network in a safety way (SCADA Server)Innovative features of management and coordinated control of devices in the network (DMS Server)InputConsumption and generation programsReal-time Power Request AdjustmentMeasurements from nodes in the fieldOutputOperation Set Point for MV generators and loadsOperation Set Point for LV micro-grid controllerOptimizationPower flows on the MV and LV network Exploitation of distributed energy resourcesPower Quality at each network nodeThe automation and control system of the test facility network was designed with the objective of getting a suitable environment for the development, integration and testing of management functions of a MV grid. The automation and control system of the test facility network SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (2)

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*Architectural requests:Modularity HW to allow start-up sizing and future expansion of the plant

Flexibility of functions performed by centralized service station

High reliability, obtained by redundant main systems and by sub-division of the system into autonomous functional areas

Interoperability of electrical devices

High maintainability, guaranteed by auto diagnostic functions and by automatic recovery of anomaliesSystem architectureSCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (3)

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*Communication System (1)The communication system will ensure:

Efficiency: ability to exchange data in real-time mode

Reliability: possibility of retaining data exchange in situations of difficulty of communication (distance, meteorological agents, presence of foreign sources and noises) and to restore the link once interrupted;

Security: it will be essential to secure the secrecy and integration of the information

Low-Cost: it allows widespread installation which distribution networkRequirements

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*Communication System (2)Architecture

The communication system of the experimental area should allow the exchange of information and commands for the project activities, identifying the most suitable technologies for the different application, both in testing and in the real operation of the generators.

Data exchange will then be tested also in the application level. Particularly, the communication standard IEC61850 is suitable to create a fast and flexible communication structure.

The architecture of communication system provides interconnection between various components and buildings using as physical layer fiber optic cables.

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*Link from DMS to local controller of generators/ MV load: Hiperlan Link from DMS to microgrid controller of LV: UMTSLink from microgrid controller to LV load/generators : PowerlineCommunication System (3)Experimental activities in the test facilityResearch and Experimental s Themes:Development, implementation and test of the following technologies:

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*Regulation, Authority, Ancillary services

General ObjectivesIdentification and valorization of new ancillary services to be integrated in Smart Grids managementDefinition and tracing of a new organic normative system

NotesNew services :From generation systemsFrom active distribution networks towards transmission networksDSO-TSO New RelationshipsRights/Dues definition for the different actorsRegulation activity must be continuous and will affect:Technical committees and National/ European authorities Network Access Rules DefinitionValorization of multi-carrier distribution systems (electricity gas)

Smart Grid Project

27th May 2008Sandra Scalari ENEL Research Technical Area

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Enel Grid Bratislava

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