PLANTS

Endoplasmic Reticulum

ORGANELLES

Cell Wall

Cell Wall Rigid structure surrounding the cell.

Made of cellulose.

Cell Membrane

Cell Membrane Allows movement of materials into

and out of the cell. Just inside the cell wall.

Nucleus

Nucleus Found in eukaryotes (multicellular). Houses DNA

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance where organelles

are found.

Vacuole

Vacuole Found only in plant cells. Stores water and minerals

Chloroplast

Chloroplast

Found only in plant cells Where photosynthesis occurs. Contains chlorophyll

Takes in the light energy from the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

Produces energy so the cell can carry out functions.

Also called the “powerhouse of the cell”

Where cellular respiration occurs

Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Package amino acids to make proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transport system of proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another

Classification

Simple Algae Non-vascular

Mosses Liverworts Hornworts

Simple

Algae- simple plants with no roots, stems, or leaves

3 groups of algae Chlorphyta: green algae Phaeophyta: brown algae Rhodophyta: red algae

Non-Vascular Plants

Plants have leaves and stems, but no real roots.

Do not conduct water and nutrients. Classification of plants that mosses,

hornworts, and liverworts is generally referred to as bryophyta.

Moss

Small flowerless plant that grows in damp locations

Reproduce via spores, not seeds Simple leaves attached to a

differentiated stem.

Liverwort

Very similar to moss. Simple rootless plants

Lack of differentiated stem Single-celled rhizoids (roots)

Classification (continued) Complex

Vascular Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Monocots Dicots

Vascular Plants

Transport materials (food, water, minerals) through vascular tissue.

Have roots.

Ferns

Lack flowers and seeds (have spores) Have fronds which are large, divided

leaves

Gymnosperms

Seed producing Also known as conifers Produce cones Have “male” and “female” parts that

produce pollen and ovules, respectively.

Angiosperms

Seed producing Also known as flower-bearing Produce fruit that contain the seeds Two types of angiosperms:

monocots and dicots Based on the number of cotyledons –

part of the seed that stores food

Monocots

Seeds have one cotelydon Leaves with parallel veins Flower parts in threes Vascular bundles are throughout

stem’s tissue

Dicots

Seeds have two cotyledons. Flower parts in fours or fives Leaves with netlike veins Vascular bundle arranged in a ring

Plant Reproduction

Common Parts (neither male nor female) Petals: attract pollinators Sepals: protect the bud

Sexual organs Male Female

Male parts

Produce the “sperm” Stamen:

Consists of anther held up by a filament. This is where the pollen is produced (in the anther).

Female Parts

Produce the “eggs” Pistil:

Contains three parts, the stigma, style, and ovary

Stigma- sticky top to ensure that pollen sticks to it

Style- the middle section Ovary- where eggs are produced

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis- A process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (glucose), oxygen, and water Plants use carbon dioxide from animals The chloroplasts change the O2 and

sugars (food) into CO2, H2O, and ATP (energy) via the chlorophyll.

Respiration

Respiration-A process by which plants convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water

What do you notice about the two?They are opposite of each other!

Equation 1:Water + Carbon Dioxide+ Energy (sunlight)Glucose + Oxygen

Equation 2:Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (chemical)