Endocrine System

Endocrine System

Hormone- a chemical messenger that is released into the blood stream.

Gland- a group of cells or an organ that secretes hormones.

Pituitary Gland- produces a hormone that controls all other hormones, located in the brain. Also known as the “Master Gland”.

Endocrine System

Thyroid- produces thyroxine, which controls metabolism and body temperature

Parathyroid- control the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body

Adrenal- controls the adrenaline hormone which helps us in emergency situations. Also controls the body’s water balance

Endocrine System

Pancreas- produces insulin needed to break down glucose to be absorbed into the blood. Also part of the digestive system

Ovaries- produces the female sex cell, the egg. Estrogen controls the development of secondary sex characteristics

Egg/Ovum- female sex cell. One egg cell produced by the ovaries once a month

Endocrine System

Testes- produces the male sex hormone, testosterone. This is also controls the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Sperm- is the male sex cell- The combination of egg and sperm will

result in conception and soon will be developing fetus.

Endocrine System

Puberty- time in which a teenager will have physical and emotional changes due to the releasing of hormones. Usually begins between ages 12-15.

Endocrine System

Male Reproduction

Testosterone- male hormone which causes sperm production. Allows for physical changes- broad shoulders, deepened voice, muscular development and hair growth.

Testes/Testicles- 2 small glands which produce sperm. In order to survive, sperm must be kept at lower temperatures.

Scrotum- holds the testes and protects the sperm from high temperatures.

Male Reproduction

Epididymis- tube outside the testes which temporarily stores sperm. Allows them to mature here.

Vas deferens- the tube which connects the epididymis to the urethra. This is where other fluids are mixed with sperm.

Seminal Vesicle- produces the other fluids that are mixed with sperm.

Male Reproductive

Prostate Gland and Cowper’s Gland- other fluid production occurs

Urethra- the tube which extends from the bladder and each vas deferens through the penis, outside of the body

Penis- external reproduction organ. Composed of tissue and blood vessels, which allow for erection and ejaculation of semen

Male Reproductive

Sterility- a condition when a person is unable to reproduce

Testicular Cancer- Age 15-34 is the most common. Signs- enlarged testicle, lumps or nodules. Self examinations should be done once a month.

Male Diagram

Female Reproductive

Estrogen and Progesterone- hormones released by the pituitary gland during puberty. Produces secondary sex characteristics- breast development, widening of the hips and hair growth.

Female Reproductive

3 Major Functions1. Produce egg cells or ova2. Reception of sperm for fertilization3. Provide nourishment and protection for a

fertilized ovum until it’s ready to live outside the body

Female Reproductive

Ovaries- female sex glands that house ova and produce hormones.

- Born with over 1 million immature ova- Will release 300-500 in her lifetimeOvulation- releasing of one mature ovum

each month. This begins around puberty. Ovaries alternate from month to month.

Female Reproductive

Fallopian Tube- when an ovum is released, it moves along in this tube to the uterus.

- Finger or hair like projections draw and ovum from the ovary and into and through the fallopian tube.

- Fertilization can occur if a sperm are present in the fallopian tube when the ovum is released into it.

Female Reproductive

Fertilization- when one sperm cell unites with the ovum

Uterus- small, muscular, pear shaped organ about the size of a fist.

- Rich with blood vessels- Thickness varies depending upon

hormones present- Zygote- a fertilized ovum attaches to the

uterine wall and lives here for 9 months

Female Reproductive

Cervix-end of the uterus, which is in the vagina, opens during labor.

- Major site of cancer in women. PID/HPV- PapsmearsVagina- Also called the birth canal, is a

muscular and elastic tube. This is where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse.

Process of Birth

Female Reproductive

Menstruation- when the lining of the uterus is shed.- 2-3oz of blood and tissue leaves the body- Lasts 3-5 days- 28 day cycle is the norm

- The Cycle- Days 1-4 Lining of the uterus, menstruation- Days 5-12 Uterine wall thickens, egg about to be released- Days 13-14 Ovulation occurs, egg is released- Days 15-28 Egg travels down fallopian tube into uterus. If

not fertilized, menstruation will occur. If fertilized, a baby will began forming.

Fertilization…

Female Reproductive

Health Issues1. Menstrual cramps- mild cramping can occur- Light exercise, a warm bath or a heating pad

can relieve these.2. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)- A variety of

symptoms that effect different people differently. Mild to severe

- Bloating, mood swings, fatigue and weight gain- Hormonal imbalances or nutritional

deficiencies

Female Reproductive

3. Toxic Shock Syndrome- Bacterial disease that can occur in women who use tampons.

- Change every 3-4 hours- Symptoms- fever, vomiting, dizziness, flu

like symptoms

Female Diagram