Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

► Exocrine Gland-Exocrine Gland- Has a duct that Has a duct that

carries secretioncarries secretion

► Endocrine Gland-Endocrine Gland- Ductless gland that Ductless gland that

secretes a hormone secretes a hormone into the bloodinto the blood

►Hormone-Hormone- Chemical Chemical

messengers act on messengers act on target cellstarget cells

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary

(3) TSH(3) TSH Stimulates thyroid gland.Stimulates thyroid gland.

Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary

(4, 5) HGH (4, 5) HGH (GH)(GH)

Regulates growth.Regulates growth.

Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary

(4,5) (4,5) ProlactinProlactin

Promotes milk production.Promotes milk production.

Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary

(6) ACTH(6) ACTH Stimulates adrenal cortex.Stimulates adrenal cortex.

Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary

(1, 2) FSH(1, 2) FSH Regulates gonads.Regulates gonads.

Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary

(1, 2) LH(1, 2) LH Regulates gonads.Regulates gonads.

Post. Post. PituitaryPituitary

(7, 8) ADH(7, 8) ADH Regulates water balance.Regulates water balance.

Post. Post. PituitaryPituitary

(7, 8) (7, 8) OxytocinOxytocin

Controls birth contractions.Controls birth contractions.

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

ThyroidThyroid (11) (11) ThyroxineThyroxine

Regulates cell Regulates cell metabolism.metabolism.

Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex

(13) (13) CortisolCortisol

Reg. carb., fat, protein Reg. carb., fat, protein metabmetab

Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla

(12) (12) EpinephrinEpinephrin

ee

Prepares in stress Prepares in stress situations.situations.

ParathyroidParathyroid (16) PTH(16) PTH Regulates calcium levels.Regulates calcium levels.

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Islets Islets Langer…Langer…

(14, 15) (14, 15) InsulinInsulin

Decreases blood sugar Decreases blood sugar levels.levels.

Islets Islets Langer…Langer…

(14, 15) (14, 15) GlucagonGlucagon

Increases blood sugar Increases blood sugar levels.levels.

TestesTestes (9) (9) TestosteroTestostero

nene

Male secondary sex char.Male secondary sex char.

OvariesOvaries (10) (10) EstrogenEstrogen

Female secondary sex Female secondary sex char.char.

DisordersDisorders

►GoiterGoiter►HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism►HypothyroidismHypothyroidism► CretinismCretinism

►Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus►GiantismGiantism►DwarfismDwarfism► AcromegalyAcromegaly

DisordersDisorders

► Goiter-Goiter- Enlargement of thyroidEnlargement of thyroid

► Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism Over active thyroidOver active thyroid High metabolism, thin, High metabolism, thin,

high activity, …high activity, …► Hypothyroidism-Hypothyroidism-

Under active thyroidUnder active thyroid Low metabolism, weight Low metabolism, weight

gaingain► CretinismCretinism

Under active thyroid in Under active thyroid in infancyinfancy

► Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus Lack of insulinLack of insulin

► GiantismGiantism Over active pituitary- Over active pituitary-

HGHHGH► DwarfismDwarfism

Under active pituitary- Under active pituitary- HGHHGH

► AcromegalyAcromegaly HGH production after HGH production after

growth is normally growth is normally completecomplete

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

►Negative Feedback Negative Feedback Mechanism-Mechanism- Regulates hormone Regulates hormone

levelslevels Level of one Level of one

hormone regulates hormone regulates the release of a the release of a different hormonedifferent hormone

Works much like a Works much like a thermostat and thermostat and furnacefurnace