Endocrine SystemERIN YODER, ADAM FEUDALE, GARETT SOSNOSKI

What is the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?

• Internal chemical communication

• system of glands that produce endocrine secretions

STRUCTURE

• Endocrine glands secrete their product (hormones) into bloodstream

• Lack anatomical continuity

FUNCTION

• Maintains homeostasis by releasing hormones

• Controls prolonged processes• Growth & development• Reproduction• Metabolism

HORMONES• Classes of hormones based on chemical composition:

• Amine hormones

• Norepinephrine, prostaglandins

• Steroid hormones

• Peptide and protein hormones

Steroidal Hormones

• Triggers change in cell

Nonsteroidal Hormone

• Protein hormone• Peptide hormone

ORGANS OF THE

ENDOCRINEPituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Pineal

Hypothalamus

Parathyroid gland

Ovaries/Testes

Adrenal Glands

Pineal Gland

• Small pinecone-shaped mass

• Posterior to thalamus

• Hormone: melatonin

*INTERESTING FACT*Wearing red tinted

sunglass helps increase melatonin

production

Hypothalamus

• Location: superior & anterior to brain stem;

inferior to the thalamus• In charge of endocrine system• Releases & inhibits hormones when needed

Pituitary Gland

• Small pea shaped gland

• Connected to inferior portion of hypothalamus

• Broken into the posterior & anterior pituitary

Posterior Pituitary

• Isn’t glandular tissue, made up of nervous tissue

• Oxytocin- triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and releases milk during breastfeeding

• Anti-diuretic hormone prevents water loss in the body

Anterior Pituitary

• The true glandular part of the pituitary• Controlled by the hypothalamus

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)• Human Growth Hormone (HGH)• Prolactin (PRL)

Thyroid Gland

• Butterfly shaped gland• Located at the base of

the neck• Wrapped around

trachea • Calcitonin• Triiodothyronine (T3)• Thyroxine (T4)

Parathyroid Glands

• Four small masses of glandular tissue found on the posterior side of the thyroid

• Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)- released when calcium ion levels in blood drop below a set point

Thymus Gland

• Soft triangular shaped organ• Found in the chest posterior to the

sternum• Thymosins- help during fetal

development in childhood• Becomes inactive during puberty

Adrenal Glands

• Pair of triangular glands found superior to the kidneys

• Outer adrenal cortex-produces cortical hormones

• Adrenal medulla-produce hormones to aid in times of great stress

• epinephrine• norepinephrine

Pancreas• Large gland found inferior and posterior

to the stomach• Made up of endocrine and exocrine tissue• Endocrine cells found in islets• Two types of cells

– Alpha-glucagon: raises blood glucose levels– Beta-insulin: lowers glucose levels after

meals• Digestive glands break down food in

pancreas

Testes

• Ellipsoid organs found in the scrotum

• Testosterone– Produced after start of

puberty– Increases growth of bones

and muscles– Increases hair production

Ovaries

• Almond shaped organs found in pelvic body of women• Estrogen

– Primarily sex hormone– Triggers breast development, bone growth, uterine

development, pubic hair• Progesterone

– Allows women to have correct conditions to support a fetus

Corpus Luteum-Forms when fertilization occurs-Helps maintain pregnancy by producing progesterone

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TOUR

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/hormones-definition-function-intro-to-the-endocrine-system.html#lesson

Diseases • Hypothyroidism

– Thyroid gland does not produce enough hormone to meet bodily needs

– Can cause slow down or shut down of bodily functions• Thyroid Cancer

– Cells in the thyroid gland begin to grow uncontrollably – Most cases will form a tumor

• Diabetes– Most common endocrine disease in the United State – Body does not properly process glucose, due to the

ineffective production of insulin

VIDEO SUMMARY

http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/endocrinesystem/preview.weml

Bibliography

http://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us

http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html

http://www.ama-assn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-body/endocrine-system.page

http://www.livescience.com/26496-endocrine-system.html

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/endocrinesystem.html