Endocrine and nervous system · 2015-01-19 · •Nerves work together with muscles for movement....
Transcript of Endocrine and nervous system · 2015-01-19 · •Nerves work together with muscles for movement....
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Main Function:
This communication system controls and coordinates functions
throughout the body and responds to internal and
external stimuli.
Our nervous system
allows us to feel pain.
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Consists of: brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs
Sense Organs: Eyes, Skin, Ears, Nose & Tongue
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A nerve is an organ
containing a bundle
of nerve cells called
neurons.
Neurons carry
electrical messages
called impulses
throughout the
body. Picture shows hundreds of
severed neuron axons
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cell
body
muscle
tissue
TYPICAL MOTOR
NEURON
Axon dendrite
synapse
cell body
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Because neurons never touch, chemical signalers called neurotransmitters must travel through the space called synapse between two neurons.
Neurotransmitters
Synapse (gap)
The message
is transferred
when RECEPTORS receive neurotrans-mitters.
(pink
spheres)
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Parts of a Neuron 1. Cell body: contains nucleus & most of the
cytoplasm
2. Dendrites: projections that bring impulses into the neuron to the cell body.
3. Axon: long projection that carries impulses away from cell body
1
3 2
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Sensory Neuron
Interneuron
Motor Neuron
Sensory Neuron
Interneuron
Motor Neuron
Muscle Contracts
Synapse
Synapse
Synapse
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Sensory
Neuron
carry impulses from
sense organs to
spinal cord & brain
Fun Fact:
Where can the
largest cells in the
world be found?
The giraffe’s sensory and
motor neurons! Some
must bring impulses from
the bottom of their legs
to their spinal cord
several meters away!!
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Interneuron
-processes impulses
in brain and spinal
cord
- connect sensory and
motor neurons
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Motor Neurons
carry impulses from the
brain & spinal cord to
muscles & glands
Axon End
Axons branching out
to muscle fibers
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• Nerves work together with muscles for
movement. An impulse begins when one
neuron is stimulated by another neuron or
by the sense organs.
• The impulse travels down the axons of
Sensory neurons to the brain cells called
Interneurons.
• The brain will then send an impulse
through motor neurons to the necessary
muscle or organs, telling it to contract.
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A reflex is an
involuntary
response that is
processed in the
spinal cord not
the brain.
Reflexes protect
the body before
the brain knows
what is going on.
Reflex Arc
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brain
Spinal Cord
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Medulla Oblongata
Consists of: Brain and Spinal Cord
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Cerebrum Voluntary or conscious activities of
the body-learning, judgment
Cerebellum Coordinates and balances the
actions of the muscles
Medulla Oblongata
(Brain Stem)
Controls involuntary actions like
blood pressure, heart rate,
breathing, and swallowing
Spinal Cord
The main communications link
between the brain and the rest of
the body
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Consists of:
Sensory division
and Motor
division
-includes all
sensory neurons,
motor neurons,
and sense organs
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• Main Function:
It releases hormones into the blood to
signal other cells to behave in certain
ways. It is a slow but widespread form
of communication.
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Endocrine glands
Release hormones into
the bloodstream.
Hormones are chemicals
released in one part of the
body that travel through
the bloodstream and
affect the activities of cells
in other parts of the body.
Consists of:
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Pituitary Gland
Function: It secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and controls functions of other glands.
Disorders: To much growth hormones (GH) in early childhood can result in a condition called gigantism. To little GH can result in Pituitary Dwarfism.
Robert Wadlow
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Thyroid Gland • Function: plays a major role in
regulation the body’s metabolism.
• Disorders: If the Thyroid Gland produces to much Thyroxin, it can cause a condition known as Hyperthyroidism. If to little thyroxin produces it is called Hypothyroidism.
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Pancreas • Function: The Insulin
and Glycogen in the Pancreas help to keep the level of glucose in the blood stable.
• Disorders: When the Pancreas fails to produce or properly use Insulin, it can cause a condition known as Diabetes Mellitus.
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Adrenal Gland
• Functions:
-The adrenal glands release Adrenaline in the body that helps prepare for and deal with stress.
-Also regulates kidney function.
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Ovaries
• Functions:
– Pair of reproductive organs found in women that produce eggs.
– Also secrete estrogen and progesterone, which control ovulation and menstruation.
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Testes
• Functions:
– Pair of reproductive glands that
produces sperm.
– Also secrete Testosterone to give
the body its masculine
characteristics.
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Interaction of Glands
The hypothalamus is located in the brain and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It is an important link between the endocrine and nervous systems.
http://www.biocfarm.unibo.it/aunsnc/images/3D%20Obje
cts/Hypothalamus.gif
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