Ending Discrimination Against Queer Desire Under Section

8/9/2019 Ending Discrimination Against Queer Desire Under Section

1/51

ZLMFP[ GNZ HCC9AE@LEM @L[KZLOLEHPLNE HMHLE[P XQAAZ @A[LZA

QE@AZ [AKPLNE ;==

]fnawaz wncqephzlc| fh{ khzehc lepazknqz{a hmhle{p pfa nz`az ng ehpqza }lpf he| ohe# }nohe# nzhelohc# {fhcc ja rqel{fa`

H Knorlchplne j|

Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;==


2/51

ZLMFP[ GNZ HCC9

AE@LEM @L[KZLOLEHPLNE HMHLE[P XQAAZ @A[LZA

QE@AZ [AKPLNE ;==

]fnawaz wncqephzlc| fh{ khzehc lepazknqz{a hmhle{p pfa nz`az ng ehpqza }lpf he| ohe# }nohe# nzhelohc# {fhcc ja rqel{fa`

H Knorlchplne j|

Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;==

:221


3/51

Glz{p A`lplne 9 :220

[akne` A`lplne 9 :220Pflz` A`lplne 9 :221

Rzlepa` j| 9 @zl{fpl Wl{lne# Onjlca 9


4/51

Xqaaz 9 he lekcq{lwa qojzacch pazo pfhp à{lmehpa{ hcc pfn{a }fn hza }lcclem pn xqa{plne pfa enzo{ ng

maeàz he` {avqhclp|

Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;== l{ h @acfl/jh{a` knhclplne ng mznqr{ }nzdlem ne }noae-{ zlmfp{# kflc` zlmfp{#

fqohe zlmfp{# {avqhc zlmfp{# zlmfp pn fahcpf# he` ca{jlhe# mh|# jl{avqhc# he` pzhe{maeàz l{{qa{%

Pfq{ ghz#oaojaz{ ng Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;== lekcqà9

Hoea{p| Lepazehplnehc Le`lh# Khorhlme gnz Fqohe Zlmfp{

Heiqohe# pfa IEQ [pqàep{ Xqaaz Knccakplwa

Jzahdpfznqmf# jqlc`lem fqohe zlmfp{ kqcpqza

KZAH# Kzahplem Za{nqzka{ gnz Aorn}azoaep he` Hkplne

Fhx# Kaepza gnz Kflc` Zlmfp{

Ihmnzl# ]noae{ Pzhlelem# @nkqoaephplne he` Za{nqzka Kaepza

Elmhf Oa`lh Knccakplwa# h {rhka gnz `l{kq{{lne{ hznqe` maeàz he` {avqhclp|

Elzhephz# Kaepza ng Maeàz he` A`qkhplne

Rhzpeaz{ gnz Ch} le @awacnroaep# Camhc Za{nqzka Mznqr

RZL[O# h gnzqo gnz l{{qa{ zachplem pn {avqhc he` maeàz làeplpla{

[hfacl ]noae{ Za{nqzka Kaepza# hqpnenonq{ }noae{ mznqr

[HOH# Za{nqzka Mznqr gnz ]noae he` Fahcpf

PHZ[FL# Phcdlem Hjnqp Zarzn`qkplwa he` [avqhc Fahcpf L{{qa{

]a lewlpa npfaz mznqr{.le`lwl`qhc{ }fn }nqc` clda pn cae` {qrrnzp nz cahze onza pn knephkp q{ hp

wnlka{hmhle{p;==Bfnpohlc%kno%
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


5/51

PHJCA NG KNEPAEP[

Lepzn`qkplne 8

[akplne ;==9 H Ghkp [faap 0

Pa{plonelhc9 O| [pnz| 7

[akplne ;== he` Kflc` [avqhc Hjq{a Pfa{a hza enp kh{a{ ng

fqohe zlmfp{ wlnchplne jakhq{a pfa{a mznqr{ hza enp camhcc| zaknmel{a`% Cap pfao zarahc pfaLRK Hkp# }flkf jhe{ Fnon{avqhclp|%

Hjnqp avpnzplne# Oz% Famà hòlppa` pfhp rnclkaoae hza enp hcc [hp|h

Fhzl{fkfhe`zh{ he` lp }h{ rn{{ljca pfhp {noa ng pfao `n avpnzp onea| gzno fnon{avqhc{

jqp pfa rznjcao }h{ pfhp fnon{avqhc{ `n enp knoa gnz}hz` pn cn`ma h knorchlep `qa pn

{nklhc {plmoh% H{ zamhz`{ pfa ehpqza ng fnon{avqhclp|# Oz% Famà }h{ xqlpa kcahz pfhp lp }h{

he helohc/clda jafhwlnqz%

:;


29/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

[AKPLNE ;== HE@ FQOHE ZLMFP[ WLNCHPLNE[

Pfa Mnwazeoaep ng Le`lh# le za{rne{a pn pfa raplplne khcclem gnz pfa àkzlolehcl{hplne ng h`qcp#

kne{ae{qhc {av glca` le pfa @acfl Flmf Knqzp j| pfa Ehy Gnqe`hplne# {phpa` pfhp [akplne ;== LRK knqc` enp ja

kfhccaema` jakhq{a Le`lhe {nklap| j| he` chzma `na{ enp hrrznwa ng fnon{avqhclp|% Le pfl{ h{{azplne# pfa

mnwazeoaep fh{ ghlca` pn zaknmelya pfhp pfa ch}{ ng pfl{ che` hza oahep pn rznpakp he` rznonpa fqohe zlmfp{ ng

hcc lp{ klplyae{# lzza{rakplwa ng }fhp lp kchlo{ pn ja pfa rnrqchz {aeploaep{ ng pfa ohinzlp|% Pfa ohinzlp|/

olenzlp| gzhoa}nzd l{ kcahzc| h `qjlnq{ nea# kne{làzlem pfhp {avqhc hkp{ àaoa` pn ja hmhle{p pfa nzàz ng

ehpqza lekcqà nzhc he` hehc {av# lzza{rakplwa ng }fapfaz pfa{a hkp{ hza razgnzoa` jap}aae oae he` oae#

}noae he` }noae nz# {lmelglkhepc|# }noae he` oae%

Awae le pfn{a kh{a{ }faza pfa [phpa `na{ enp razrapzhpa nwazp wlnchplne{ lp{acg# pfa oaza avl{paeka ng h

ch} {qkf h{ ;== {fn}{ `l{zamhz` gnz h zhema ng Gqe`hoaephc Zlmfp{ h{ mqhzhepaa` le Rhzp LLL ng pfa

Kne{plpqplne% Pfa{a lekcqà pfa zlmfp pn clga he` cljazp|# h{ {phpa` le Hzplkca :8 &he` }flkf lekcqà{ pfa zlmfp{

pn fahcpf he` rzlwhk|,4 pfa zlmfp pn axqhclp| &Hzplkca 80,4 he`# qeàz Hzplkca 8


30/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

Pfa lepazehplnehc knooqelp| ng fqohe zlmfp{ h`wnkhpa{ fhwa lekzah{lemc| zaknmel{a` pfa eaa` pn

aemhma }lpf pfa {raklglk wlnchplne{ ghka` j| mh|# ca{jlhe# jl{avqhc he` pzhe{mae`aza` ranrca% Pfl{ gacp eaa`

fh{ jaae {qrrnzpa` j| knwaehep{ he` `akchzhplne{% Le 8


31/51


32/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

Pfa ch} kheenp zaknmel{a zlmfp{ nec| le rzlwhpa# }flca `l{n}elem pfao le rqjclk% Pfa ch} fh{ pn ja jh{a` ne

fqohe zlmfp{ rzleklrca{ he` {phe`hz`{ he` kheenp jcle`c| gnccn} rqjclk nrlelne% Leàa` lg pfhp }aza pn ja pfa

kh{a pfa rzhkplka ng qepnqkfhjlclp|# kflc` ohzzlhma# kflc` chjnqz apk }nqc` hcc fhwa pn ja camhcl{a` mlwae pfalz

}là{rzah` rzawhcaeka he` hkkarphjlclp| le {nklap|% Gqzpfaz {akplne ;== l{ le en }h| axqlrra` pn àhc }lpf pfakzloa ng kflc` {avqhc hjq{a he` l{ le ghkp he lora`loaep le {akqzlem rzn{akqplne{ gnz kflc` {avqhc hjq{a%

Pfaza fhwa jaae hppaorp{ j| pfa MnL he` npfaz{ pn rnzpzh| pfa l{{qa ng pfa zlmfp pn {avqhc làeplp| h{ h

}a{paze knekaze% Pfl{ rn{lplne lmenza{ pfa ghkp pfhp le h mzn}lem eqojaz ng {nqpfaze knqepzla{

`l{kzlolehplne ne pfa mznqe`{ ng {avqhc nzlaephplne l{ rznfljlpa`% Pfa{a lekcqà Rflclrrlea{# [nqpf Hgzlkh#

Oavlkn he` Jqcmhzlh% Npfaz {phpa{ lekcq`lem Le`nea{lh# Dhyhdf{phe# Kflca# Znohelh he` Hyazjhlihe `n enp

kzlolehcl{a h`qcp kne{ae{qhc {hoa {av zachplne{%

Pfa MnL{ {qjol{{lne le pfa Ehy kh{a knoa{ à{rlpa pfa mzn}lem kne{klnq{ea{{ pn}hz`{ {avqhc nzlaephplne

le H{lh j| Mnwazeoaep{ le Phl}he# Ihrhe# Pfhlche` he` [lemhrnza%

Hoea{p| Lepazehplnehc Le`lh khcc{ gnz pfa looa`lhpa zarahc ng [akplne ;==# pfa camhc zaknmelplne ng pfa

zlmfp enp pn `l{kzlolehpa` hmhle{p jakhq{a ng nea-{ {avqhc nzlaephplne nz làeplp| he` pfa aehkpoaep ng h

{arhzhpa caml{chplne# le clea }lpf lepazehplnehc fqohe zlmfp{ {phe`hz`{# ne kflc` {avqhc hjq{a%

Hoea{p| Lepazehplnehc Le`lh gqcc| {qrrnzp{ pfa khorhlme chqekfa` j| whzlnq{ klwlc {nklap| mznqr{ qeàz pfa

jheeaz -Wnlka{ Hmhle{p [akplne ;==-% Hoea{p| Lepazehplnehc Le`lh jaclawa{ pfhp }fhp l{ hp {phda l{ enp

le`lwl`qhc gzaa`no{ jqp pfa jh{lk fqohe zlmfp pn nea-{ rf|{lkhc he` oaephc lepamzlp| he` pfa zlmfp pn ja gzaa

gzno `l{kzlolehplne%

Pfl{ l{ enp he l{{qa ng nec| pfa ca{jlhe# mh|# jl{avqhc nz pzhe{maeàz knooqelp|# le{pah` lp l{ h fqohe zlmfp{l{{qa pfhp knekaze{ q{ hcc% Lg }a pncazhpa pfa àelhc ng zlmfp{ pn he| mznqr# }a qeàzolea pfa }fnca rznpakplwa

gzhoa}nzd ng fqohe zlmfp{ j| phdlem h}h| lp{ kaepzhc rched pfa axqhc zlmfp{ he` `lmelp| ng hcc fqohe jalem{%

Hoea{p| Lepazehplnehc Le`lh pfazagnza hrrahc{ pn hcc {akplne{ ng klwlc {nklap| pn {qrrnzp pfl{ khorhlme pn zarahc

he qeiq{p ch}%

:=


33/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

[AKPLNE ;== WLNCHPA[ LEPAZEHPLNEHC FQOHE ZLMFP[ KNEWAEPLNE[

Qelwaz{hc @akchzhplne ng Fqohe Zlmfp{En nea {fhcc ja {qjiakpa` pn pnzpqza nzpn kzqac# lefqohe nz àmzh`lem pzahpoaep nz rqel{foaep% &Hzplkca 1,%

QE Fqohe Zlmfp{ Knoolppaale nea ng pfa kh{a{ enpa` pfhp zagazaeka pn {av le pfaene/`l{kzlolehplne kchq{a ng pfa LKKRZ {fnqc` lekcqà {avqhc nzlaephplne%

Pfa QE Fqohe Zlmfp{ Knool{{lne fh{ qzma` {phpa{ enp nec| pn zarahc ch}{kzlolehcl{lem fnon{avqhclp| jqp hc{n pn ae{fzlea pfa rznfljlplne ng l{kzlolehplne jh{a` ne

{avqhc nzlaephplne lepn pfalz kne{plpqplne nz npfaz gqe`hoaephc ch}{%

Jalilem RGHpfa fqohe zlmfp{ ng }noae lekcqà pfalz zlmfp pn fhwa knepznc nwaz he`àklà gzaac| he` za{rne{ljc| ne ohppaz{ zachpa` pn pfalz {avqhclp|# lekcq`lem {avqhc he`

zarzn`qkplwa fahcpf# gzaa ng knazklne# l{kzlolehplne he` wlncaeka%

%

:6


34/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

NRAE CAPPAZ LE ZA[RNE[A PN PFA MNWAZEOAEP HGGL@HWLP NE[AKPLNE ;==

Ne


35/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

{avqhc jafhwlnqz% [fnqc` pfa raplplne {qkkaa`# pfa {phpa{ hjlclp| pn q{a [akplne ;== le kflc`

{avqhc hjq{a kh{a{ zaohle{ qehggakpa`%

H{ le`lwl`qhc{ he` mznqr{ pfhp {qrrnzp he` hgglzo pfa zlmfp{ ng mh|# ca{jlhe# jl{avqhc# flizh# he`

pzhe{maeàza` ranrca# }a àohe` pfhp pfa mnwazeoaep aehjca pfa rznpakplne j| pfa ch} ng hcc

klplyae{# }lpfnqp `l{kzlolehplne jh{a` ne maeàz nz {avqhc nzlaephplne% Pn}hz`{ pfl{ ae`# pfaza l{

he qzmaep eaa` pn àkzlolehcl{a {av jap}aae kne{aeplem h`qcp{% Lp l{ enp pfa jq{lea{{ ng

mnwazeoaep pn àklà }fhp ranrca kfnn{a pn `n }lpf knorcapa kne{aep }lpfnqp legzlemlem ne pfa

zlmfp{ ng he| npfaz klplyae% Lp l{ pfa jq{lea{{ ng pfa mnwazeoaep# fn}awaz# pn gzhoa aggakplwa ch}{

pfhp rzn{akqpa falenq{ kzloa{ {qkf h{ kflc` {avqhc hjq{a%

Pfa mnwazeoaep fh{ {phpa` le lp{ hggl`hwlp ahkf ng pfa gqe`hoaephc zlmfp{ hza {qjiakp pn

zah{nehjca za{pzlkplne{% Za{pzlkplem pfa hkka{{ ng olcclne{ ng klplyae{ pn rznraz fahcpf khza# ghlclem

pn h``za{{ zhorhep `l{kzlolehplne ne pfa jh{l{ ng pfalz {avqhc rzagazaeka# ghlclem pn rznpakp pfao

gzno fhzh{{oaep j| pfa rnclka he` kzlolehcl{lem pfalz kne{ae{qhc {avqhc hkp{ }flca fl`lem jafle`

pfa glm cahg ng rznpakplem Le`lhe kqcpqza# hza enp zah{nehjca za{pzlkplne{ j| he| {phe`hz`{% ]a qzma

pfa mnwazeoaep pn zakne{làz lp{ rn{lplne# jzlemlem lp le clea }lpf pfa zaxqlzaoaep{ ng pfa

Kne{plpqplne ng Le`lh }lpf zamhz` pn Gqe`hoaephc Zlmfp{ ng awaz| klplyae he` }lpf pfa Qelwaz{hc

@akchzhplne ng Fqohe Zlmfp{%

;2


36/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

RZL[O CAHGCAP NE [AKPLNE ;==

@n |nq den}[akplne ;== ng pfa Le`lhe Raehc Knà>Lp kzlolehcl{a{ {avqhc hkplwlp|jap}aae kne{aeplemh`qcp{%

@n |nq den} }a `nepfhwa h ch} pfhp rqel{fa{ {avqhc hjq{ang kflc`zae# jqp }a fhwa ch}{ pfhp {h| |nq kheenp kfnn{a pn

fhwa nzhc {av le pfa rzlwhk| ng |nqzja`znnoawae lg |nq hzaohzzla`>

@n |nq den} pfhp hkflc` onca{pnz}h{ hkxqlppa` jakhq{apfa

kflc`fa

hjq{a`}h{

pnn |nqempn fhwa

h {ae{a ng onà{p|>

@n |nq den} pfhp p}n }noae }aza ihlca` he` cn{p pfalz inj{

jakhq{a pfa| }hepa` pn ohzz| ahkf npfaz>

@n |nq den} pfhp [akplne ;== hccn}{ pfa {phpa pn `l{kzlolehpa

jap}aae klplyae{4 pfhp lp aeknqzhma{ pfa rnclka pn fhzh{{

he` jchkdohlc mh| oae>

Wlnchpa{ pfa gqe`hoaephc zlmfp{ mqhzhepaa` pn hcc klplyae{ j|

nqz Kne{plpqplne> Cah`{ pn cn{{ ng inj{he` clga>@n |nq den} fn} ohe| ranrca fhwa `la` gzno FLW jakhq{a pfa| }aza pnn

{khza` pn pacc pfalz `nkpnz pfa| }aza mh|>

knqepca{{

@n |nq den} fn} ohe| mh| oae fhwa jaae zhra` j| rnclkaoae>

knqepca{{

@n |nq den} fn} ohe| ca{jlhe{ fhwa jaae gnzka` pn ohzz|>

Knqepca{{

Nrae |nqz ole`% Lp{ h ohppaz ng clga% Nz àhpf%

;8


37/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

Cahgcap l{pzljqpa hgpaz pfa hzza{p ng EMN }nzdaz{ hp Cqkden} le Iqc| :228

F H C C H J N C (

Zacah{a Fqohe Zlmfp{ ]nzdaz{( [pnr fhzh{{lem EMN{(

Ne =pf

Iqc|# :228# pfa Qpphz Rzhà{f rnclka zhlà` pfa ngglka{ he` hzza{pa` oaojaz{ ng Jfhzn{h

Pzq{p he` Ehy Gnqe`hplne Lepazehplnehc &EGL, le Cqkden}# jnpf EMN{ }nzdlem ne FLW. HL@[

lepazwaeplne }lpf pfa oae }fn fhwa {av }lpf oae &O[O, knooqelp|% EGL {raklglkhcc| rznwlà{

pakfelkhc {qrrnzp pn FLW. HL@[ lepazwaeplne }nzd% Hcc pfa {phggaz{ }aza {qj{axqaepc| jahpae hp pfa

rnclka {phplne%

Pfa rnclka {alya` clpazhpqza he` ohpazlhc{ q{a` gnz a`qkhplem O[O ne {hgaz {av rzhkplka{# ne pfa

jh{l{ ng }flkf pfa| kfhzma` pfa {phgg oaojaz{ }lpf {hca# apk%# ng nj{kaea ohpazlhc{% Awae onza

`hemaznq{ hza kfhzma{ ng wlnchplne{ ng pfa Knr|zlmfp he` Leàkaep Zarza{aephplne ng ]noae

Hkp{% Pfa{a ch{p p}n avrn{a pfa ole`{ap ng pfa QR rnclka# }flkf fh{ jaae fhzh{{lem he`leplol`hplem EMN }nzdaz{ hkzn{{ pfa {phpa% Lp oh| ja zakhcca` pfhp he EMN }h{ zakaepc| kfhzma`

qeàz pfa Ehplnehc [akqzlp| Hkp# he` npfaz EMN }nzdaz{ fhwa hc{n jaae jzheà` ehvhclpa{% Le

pfl{ kh{a pnn# pfa }nzdaz{ fhwa jaae lepazznmhpa` j| pfa Lepacclmaeka Jqzahq pn lewa{plmhpa

rn{{ljca cled{ }lpf Rhdl{phe{ L[L(

Pfa {phgg }aza hc{n kfhzma` qeàz pfa heplxqhpa` [akplne ;== ng pfa Le`lhe Raehc Knà }flkf

kzlolehcl{a{ kne{ae{qhc {av% Pfhp pnn }fae en kh{a ng {n`no| avl{p{# hkknz`lem pn pfa rnclka{

n}e zarnzp% \ap pfa Kflag Iq`lklhc Ohml{pzhpa he` pfa [a{{lne{ Knqzp fhwa àela` pfao jhlc ne

pfa mznqe`{ pfhp pfa| hza h kqz{a ne {nklap|% Pfa{a mznqe`{ hza enp hkkarphjca qeàz ch}%

Pfl{ rnclka hkplne fh{ `hemaznq{ lorclkhplne{ gnz hcc {avqhc fahcpf rzniakp{ le Le`lh he` ne pfa

}nzd jalem `nea j| FLW. HL@[ lepazwaeplne EMN{ }lpf wqceazhjca rnrqchplne{ clda {av }nzdaz{#

`zqm q{az{ he` O[O# }fn jaknoa nrae pn {qkf hjq{a he` wlkplol{hplne j| nzmhe{ ng pfa {phpa#

lekcq`lem pfa rnclka%

Jfhzn{h }h{ }nzdlem }lpfle pfa mqlàclea{ {ap j| pfa Mnwazeoaep ng Le`lh razphlelem pn FLW.

HL@[ lepazwaeplne }nzd% Pfa leiq{plka l{ knornqeà` j| pfa ghkp pfhp pfa mnwazeoaep fh{ {phpa`

qeaxqlwnkhcc| le lepazehplnehc gnzh clda pfa Qelpa` Ehplne{ Maeazhc H{{aojc| [raklhc [a{{lne

&QEMH[[, ne FLW. HL@[ pfhp CMJP &Ca{jlhe# Mh|# Jl{avqhc he` Pzhe{{avqhc, ranrca hza h

wqceazhjca {akplne pfhp oq{p ja lekcqà` le FLW. HL@[ nqpzahkf }nzd% Pfa kfhzma{ hmhle{p pfa

{phgg he` pfalz knepleqa` lekhzkazhplne le ihlc l{ h razwaz{lne ng iq{plka he` h `lzakp h{{hqcp enp nec|

ne pfa hzza{pa` jqp hc{n ne pfa zlmfp{ ng O[O pn hkka{{ fahcpf legnzohplne hznqe` FLW. HL@[%

Zlmfp pn fahcpf l{ knwaza` qeàz pfa Gqe`hoaephc Zlmfp pn Clga qeàz Hzplkca :8 ng pfa

Kne{plpqplne# he` fahcpf legnzohplne kheenp ja àela` pn O[O iq{p jakhq{a ng {nklhc razkarplne%

En nea khe ja kzlolehcl{a` gnz rznwl`lem fahcpf legnzohplne%

]a àohe` pfhp pfa hzza{pa` {phgg ja zacah{a` looa`lhpac| he` pfhp hcc pfa kfhzma{ hmhle{p pfao

ja `znrra`%

;:


38/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

Cahgcap ne knepzh lkplne{ le pfa [phpa{ hkplne{ he aa { jznqmfp nqp hgpaz pfa hzza{p ng EMN }nzdaz{ hp

Cqkden} le Iqc| :228

PFA ZLMFP FHE@ DEN][ ENP ]FHP PFA CAGP FHE@ L[ @NLEM

H mcheka hp zakaep Mnwazeoaep ng Le`lh {phpaoaep{.hkplne{ }lpf zamhz` pn {avqhcolenzlpla{%

Ne :1 Ohzkf# :222 pfa Ch} Knool{{lne ng Le`lh# le lp{ 8=:e`

zarnzp &zawla} ng zhra

ch}{,# zaknooae`{ pfhp [akplne ;== ja `znrra`# kcahzc| {phplem pfhp }a hza ng pfa nrlelne pfhp [akplne

;== à{azwa{ pn ja àcapa`%

Ne :7 Iqea# :228 Le`lh wafaoaepc| nrrn{a{ he hppaorp j| 1= knqepzla{ &pfa Nzmhelyhplne ng pfa L{cholk

Knegazaeka, pn avkcqà pfa Lepazehplnehc Mh| he` Ca{jlhe Fqohe Zlmfp{ H{{nklhplne gzno àcljazhplne{

hp pfa Qelpa` Ehplne{ Maeazhc H{{aojc| [raklhc [a{{lne ne FLW.HL@[% [phplem qeaxqlwnkhcc| pfhp

avkcq`lem LMCFZK }nqc` {ap h waz| jh` rzakaàep# pfhp pfa Le`lhe mnwazeoaep zaknmel{a` mh|{ he`

ca{jlhe{ h{ h kzqklhc rnrqchplne }fn{a eaa`{ fh` pn ja h``za{{a` le pfa knepavp ng FLW.HL@[ he`

pn}hz`{ pfhp kne`qkp{ {qrrnzp rznmzhooa{ khpazlem pn pfa fahcpf zl{d{ ng pfl{ knooqelp|%

Ne 7 Iqc|# :228# pfa Qelne Olel{paz ng [phpa gnz Fahcpf# Oz% K%R% Pfhdqz hrrahz{ ne [phz Ea}{ pn

zalpazhpa Le`lh{ knoolpoaep pn lekcq`lem mh|{# ca{jlhe{# jl{avqhc{ he` pzhe{maeàz ranrca le pfa

Mnwazeoaep{ FLW lepazwaeplne aggnzp{%

Ne = Iqc| :228# pfa Qpphz Rzhà{f rnclka zhlà` pfa ngglka{ he` hzza{pa` pfa {phgg oaojaz{ ng Jfhzn{h

Pzq{p he` Ehy Gnqe`hplne Lepazehplnehc &EGL, le Cqkden}%

Ne ;2 Iqc|# :228# Le`lh wnpa{ }lpf pfa Nzmhel{hplne{ ng pfa L{cholk Knegazaeka pn àe| pfa LepazehplnehcCa{jlhe he` Mh| H{{nklhplne h rchka hp pfa Qelpa` Ehplne{ ]nzc` Knegazaeka Hmhle{p Zhkl{o pn ja fac`

le [arpaojaz le @qzjhe# [nqpf Hgzlkh%

Mnwazeoaep rnclk| ne EMN{ }nzdlem ne FLW.HL@[9 Pfa Ehplnehc Hl`{ Knepznc Rnclk|#

{raklglkhcc| oaeplne{ oae fhwlem {av }lpf oae &O[O, h{ nea ng pfa khpamnzla{ }lpf flmf zl{d

jafhwlnqz he` pfazagnza le eaa` ng lepazwaeplne%

;;


39/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

[HOA [AV @A[LZA HE@ OAEPHC FAHCPF9 HE LEPAZEHPLNEHCNWAZWLA]

Hkzn{{ pfa }nzc`# oa`lkhc h{{nklhplne{ he` ngglklhc jn`la{ ng eqoaznq{ oaephc fahcpf `l{klrclea{

fhwa `a/{plmohplya` fnon{avqhclp| he` hc{n avrclklpc| rznfljlpa` hppaorp{ hp zarhzhplwa pfazhr|#

nz knewaz{lne pfazhr|% Pfa Hoazlkhe R{|kfnhehc|plkhc H{{nklhplne{ 8


40/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

@z% [heàar Wnfzh# [aelnz kne{qcplem R{|kflhpzl{p ng pfa Hrnccn Fn{rlphc he` Rza{làep

ng pfa @acfl R{|kflhpzlk [nklap|# h{ }acc h{ h oaojaz ng pfa Le`lhe R{|kflhpzlk

[nklap| fh{ pfl{ pn {h|9 Nqz {phe` zaohle{ pfa {hoa% Fnon{avqhclp| l{ enp h `l{ah{a#

he` }a }lcc knepleqa pn pzahp lp pfhp }h|%8

H{lh

Pfa Kflea{a R{|kfnhehc|plkhc H{{nklhplne h`nrpa` h za{ncqplne le :228 }flkf

hkkarpa` pfa mqlàclea{ ng pfa 8


41/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

[nqpf Hoazlkh9Mnwazeoaep{ ng Hzmaepleh# Jzhylc# he` Akqh`nz# he` pfa knqepzla{ ng

Kaepzhc Hoazlkh# lekcq`lem Mqhpaohch he` Jaclya# hcc rznfljlp `l{kzlolehplne hmhle{p

fnon{avqhclp| he` zaknmelya pfa zlmfp{ ng {hoa/{av knqrca{%

H{lh9Fnon{avqhclp| l{ camhc le Kfleh# [nqpf Dnzah# Phl}he# Ihrhe# Pfhlche`# Chn{#

Khojn`lh# he` Wlapeho%8

8 Legnzohplne klpa gzno }}}%qprnrlh/h{lh%kno

;7


42/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

RZL[O CAHGCAP NE AXQHC HE@ LEHCLAEHJCA ZLMFP[

]fazah{ zaknmelplne ng pfa lefazaep `lmelp| he` ng pfa axqhc he` lehclaehjca zlmfp{ ng hcc oaojaz{

ng pfa fqohe gholc| l{ pfa gnqe`hplne ng gzaa`no# iq{plka he` rahka le pfa }nzc`)

]a hza ca{jlhe# mh|# pzhe{maeàz# jl{avqhc# pzhe{wa{plpa# aqeqkf# fapazn{avqhc# pzhe{{avqhc he`

]a fhwa pfa zlmfp pn clga# cljazp| he` {akqzlp| ng raz{ne)

]a {fhcc enp ja {qjiakpa` pn lepazgazaeka }lpf nqz rzlwhk|# fnoa nz knzza{rneàeka# enz hpphkd{ qrnenqz fnenqz he` zarqphplne)

]a fhwa pfa zlmfp pn zaknmelplne awaz|}faza h{ h raz{ne jagnza pfa ch})

]a fhwa pfa zlmfp pn ja axqhc jagnza pfa ch} he` hza aeplpca` }lpfnqp he| `l{kzlolehplne pn axqhcrznpakplne)

]a fhwa pfa zlmfp pn gzaa`no ng nrlelne he` avrza{{lne# lekcq`lem pfa gzaa`no pn fnc` nrlelne{}lpfnqp lepazgazaeka he` pn {aad# zakalwa# he` lorhzp legnzohplne he` làh{ pfznqmf he| oa`lhzamhz`ca{{ ng gzneplaz{)

]a fhwa pfa zlmfp pn gzaa`no ng rahkagqc h{{aojc| he` h{{nklhplne)

]a fhwa pfa zlmfp pn h gqcc he` }fnca{noa clga%

)Qelwaz{hc @akchzhplne ng Fqohe Zlmfp{# Qelpa Ehplne{ Maeazhc H{{aojc|%

;=


43/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

RZA[[ ZACAH[A

RQJCLK HKPLNE HMHLE[P [AKPLNE ;== LE EA] @ACFL

Iqc| 8# 8:ro pn :ro# Ihephz Ohephz# Ea} @acfl

Pfa rqjclk hkplne l{ h àone{pzhplne ng {ncl`hzlp| hmhle{p pfa leiq{plka oapa` nqp pfznqmf [akplne

;==% Hcc rznmza{{lwa mznqr{ he` le`lwl`qhc{ hza qelpa` le pfalz aggnzp pn knojhp he hzkfhlk he`

nrrza{{lwa ch} pfhp rznwlà{ hj{ncqpac| en rznpakplne pn pfa{a knooqelpla{ hmhle{p {phpa he`

ene/{phpa wlnchpnz{ ng fqohe zlmfp{% Le h``lplne pn rznpa{plem pfa {lcaeka hznqe` l{{qa{ ng {avqhclp|

he` fnonrfnjlh le Le`lhe {nklap|# h{ }acc h{ knepa{plem fnonmaenq{ wla}{ ng rqjclk onzhclp|#

}a }lcc ja ohdlem h `lzakp hrrahc pn pfa ea}c| gnzoa` Knemza{{/ca` Qelpa` Rznmza{{lwa Hcclheka

Mnwazeoaep pn phda {par{ pn ae` `l{kzlolehplne qeàz [akplne ;==% Pfa avl{paeka ng pfl{ ch} hc{n

fleàz{ pfa `zhgplem ng h {qj{pheplwa ea} ch} ne Kflc` [avqhc Hjq{a h ch} pfhp l{ kzlplkhcc|

eaaà` he` jalem kne{phepc| aoheà` j| kflc` zlmfp{ mznqr{ hkzn{{ pfa knqepz|%

]a }nqc` hc{n clda pn `zh} pfa hppaeplne ng pfa QRH Mnwazeoaep pn pfa raplplne glca` hmhle{p

[akplne ;== le pfa @acfl Flmf Knqzp% Pfa eavp fahzlem ng pfa raplplne l{ ne Iqc| =# :220% Pfa

raplplne khcc{ gnz h zah`lem `n}e ng [akplne ;==# }flkf }nqc` lorc| pfhp kne{ae{qhc {hoa/{av

{avqhc hkplwlp| jap}aae h`qcp{ he` le rzlwhpa }nqc` en cnemaz ja h kzlolehc nggaeka%

[akplne ;==# h{ lp avl{p{ pn`h|# wlnchpa{ axqhc hkka{{ pn pfa zlmfp{ ng clga# fahcpf# rznrazp| he`

kfnlka% Pfl{ l{ h ch} pfhp hggakp{ hcc ng q{# zamhz`ca{{ ng nqz {avqhc nzlaephplne he` mna{ hmhle{p

pfa gqe`hoaephc jaclag{ ng pfl{ ehplne àonkzhk|# axqhclp|# h jaclag le fqohe zlmfp{# `lmelp| he`

gzaa`no gzno wlncaeka gnz hcc% @L[KZLOLEHPLNE NG HCC DLE@[ QE@AZ [AKPLNE ;== OQ[P

AE@ EN](

Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;== l{ h @acfl/jh{a` knhclplne ng mznqr{ }nzdlem ne }noae-{ zlmfp{# kflc` zlmfp{#

fqohe zlmfp{# {avqhc zlmfp{# zlmfp pn fahcpf# he` ca{jlhe# mh|# jl{avqhc# he` pzhe{maeàz l{{qa{%

Pfl{ mznqr {aad{ pn `zh} rqjclk hppaeplne pn [akplne ;== ng pfa Le`lhe Raehc Knà# 8672 pfa ch}

pfhp raehclya{ khzehc lepazknqz{a hmhle{p pfa nzàz ng ehpqza he` aggakplwac| kzlolehclya{ {hoa/

{av {avqhc hkplwlp| jap}aae kne{aeplem h`qcp{# he` awae kazphle {avqhc rzhkplka{ honem

fapazn{avqhc kne{aeplem h`qcp{# le rzlwhpa% Lp l{ h ch} pfhp fh{ mlwae camlplohk| pn mzn{{ he`

{q{phlea` fqohe zlmfp{ wlnchplne{ hmhle{p ca{jlhe# mh|# flizh# pzhe{maeàz he` jl{avqhc ranrca#

pfq{ eamhplem pfa kne{plpqplnehc kchlo ng axqhc klplyae{flr he` rznpakplne gnz hcc%

Pfq{ ghz# oaojaz{ ng Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;== lekcqà9 Hoea{p| Lepazehplnehc Le`lh# Heiqohe#

Jzahdpfznqmf# KZAH# Fhx# Ihmnzl# Elmhf Oa`lh Knccakplwa# Elzhephz# Rhzpeaz{ gnz Ch} le

@awacnroaep# RZL[O# [hfacl# [hoh he` PHZ[FL% ]a lewlpa npfaz mznqr{.le`lwl`qhc{ }fn }nqc`

clda pn cae` {qrrnzp nz cahze onza pn inle q{ hp pfa rqjclk hkplne# he`.nz knephkp q{ hp

wnlka{hmhle{p;==Bfnpohlc%kno%

;6
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


44/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

0

PLOA CLEA GNZ [AKPLNE ;== RLC

:228# Ehy Gnqe`hplne Le`lh glca{ raplplne le @acfl Flmf Knqzp# pfznqmf Ch}|az{ Knccakplwa# h{dlem gnz zah`lem`n}e ng [akplne ;== LRK l%a% h{d{ gnz rzlwhpa# kne{ae{qhc {av jap}aae h`qcp{ pn ja akzlolehclya`

Ihe :22:# @acfl Flmf Knqzp l{{qa{ enplka pn Hppnzea| Maeazhc

[arp :22;# Le`lhe mnwazeoaep glca{ lp{ za{rne{a# nrrn{lem raplplne

Enw :220# @acfl Flmf Knqzp l{ol{{a{ raplplne {h|lem en rzn{akqplne rae`lem hmhle{p Ehy gnqe`hplne Le`lh he`raplplne enp whcl` qeca{{ glca` j| pfa knooqelp| pfhp l{ `lzakpc| hggakpa`

Nkp :220# Zawla} raplplne glca` jagnza Flmf Knqzp zamhz`lem whcl`lp| ng RLC

Enw :220# @acfl Flmf Knqzp zaiakp{ hrrclkhplne gnz zawla}

Gaj :221# [raklhc Cahwa Raplplne glca` le [qrzaoa Knqzp ne clolpa` rnlep ng whcl`lp| ng RLC

Hrz :221# [qrzaoa Knqzp ohda{ nzhc nj{azwhplne{ pfhp pfa kh{a lewncwa{ h rqjclk lepaza{p l{{qa he` nea pfhpl{ jalem l{kq{{a` hcc nwaz pfa }nzc`% Knqzp l{{qa{ enplka pn pfa mnwazeoaep%

;


45/51


46/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

7

pnmapfaz# clda h xqlcp% Le `nlem {n# }a fnra hc{n pn {pzaempfae nqz cledhma{ he` }l`ae pfa {rakpzqo

ng mznqr{ pfhp }hcd }lpf q{ hkplwl{p mznqr{# EMN{# {pq`aep{# oa`lkhc rzhkplplneaz{# camhc

khorhlmeaz{# pfa }nzd{%

J| pfa ae` ng pfa |ahz# ne Fqohe Zlmfp{ @h|# 82pf @akaojaz :221# }a fnra pn ja {pznemaz

pnmapfaz he` onza aggakplwa le ohdlem nqz{acwa{ fahz` cnq` he` kcahz%

Nqz aohlc h``za{{9 wnlka{hmhle{p;==Bza`lggohlc%kno

[rzah` pfa }nz`4 pfa onza wnlka{# pfa jappaz

08


47/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

=

Wnlka{ Hmhle{p ;==9 Cahgcap

PFA ]NOAE[ ONWAOAEP HE@ [AVQHCLP\9 [PZAEMPFAELEM NQZ [PZQMMCA[

Raz{nehc l{ rnclplkhc fh{ cnem jaae h zhcc|lem rnlep gnz pfa }noae{ onwaoaep# he` eawaz

fh{ lp jaae h{ oqkf hrrclkhjca h{ le pfa zahco ng {avqhclp|% Gzno hjnzplne zlmfp{ pn pfa q{a ng

knepzhkarplne# }noae{ mznqr{ fhwa khorhlmea` gnz pfa zlmfp pn knepznc {avqhclp| he` jn`lc| lepamzlp|%

Gnz }noae# pfa nec| camlplohpa avrza{{lne ng {avqhclp| fh{ jaae }lpfle fapazn{avqhc ohzzlhma#

zlml`c| klzkqo{kzlja` j| kh{pa he` knooqelp|% [av gnz rcah{qza fh{ pzh`lplnehcc| jaae phjnn gnz

}noae# }fn hza avrakpa` pn oazac| {qjolp pn pfa {avqhc hkp pn {hpl{g| pfalz fq{jhe`{ he` rzn`qkakflc`zae# rzagazhjc| h {ne% Ng knqz{a# }fnza{. rzn{plpqpa{. {av }nzdaz{ hza hp pfa npfaz ae` ng pfa

{khca# pfalz aeplza avl{paeka kne{pzqkpa` hznqe` {av% Rhpzlhzkfhc knepznc ng }noae{ {avqhclp| l{

zalegnzka` j| ch}{# h{ }acc h{ jlh{a{ ng pfa iq`lklhz|# pn jnc{paz hppaorp{ pn ohlephle pfa qelp ng

gholc| fn}awaz nrrza{{lwa nz wlncaep lp oh| ja%

[avqhclp| aeknorh{{a{ h jznh` {rakpzqo ng avrazlaeka{ zachplem pn nqz jn`|# nqz pfnqmfp{#

nqz aonplne{# nqz zachplne{flr{# nqz rzagazaeka{# he` nqz kfnlka{% Pfq{# {avqhclp| l{ h rhzp ng hcc

nqz clwa{% Nqz kch{{# kh{pa# zaclmlne# maeàz he` {avqhc nzlaephplne lorhkp pfa }h| le }flkf }a

avrazlaeka {avqhclp|% Pfa{a gnzka{ `n enp fn}awaz nrazhpa le l{nchplne% Maeàz he` {avqhclp| h{

}a den} h{ rhzp ng pfa }noae{ onwaoaep ngpae lepazhkp le h }h| pfhp {pzaempfae{ rhpzlhzkf|% Pfa

chjac ng pfa mnn` }nohe he` pfa jh` }nohe hza nc` pnnc{ ng rhpzlhzkf|% Henpfaz avhorca l{rznwlà` j| pfa eaka{{lp| ng ohzzlhma% Rhpzlhzkf| aohe`{ pfhp oae he` }noae aepaz lepn ohzzlhma

he le{plpqplne pfhp fh{ jaae q{a` pn knepznc }noae{ {avqhclp| le nzàz pn h{kazphle pfa làeplp|

ng pfa ghpfaz# {n pfhp pfa rhpzlcleahc onà ng lefazlpheka ng rzlwhpa rznrazp| khe ja ohlephlea`%

Pfaza l{ h eaa` en} pn àarae nqz qeàz{phe`lem hjnqp fn} pfa le{plpqplne ng knorqc{nz|

fapazn{avqhclp| zachpa{ pn {qkf gnzka{% He` fn} he| avrza{{lne ng {hoa {av à{lza pfzahpae{

rhpzlhzkf|% Pfa waz| rn{{ljlclp| ng p}n }noae a{lzlem ahkf npfaz {pzlda{ hp pfa knza ng pfa rhpzlhzkf|%

Rhpzlhzkf| zaxqlza{ pfhp oae &}fn cnnd# `za{{ he` jafhwa clda oae, he` }noae &}fn cnnd# `za{{

he` jafhwa clda }noae, inle le ohzzlhma# rznkzahpa he` gnzo h gholc|% He| hcpazehpa avrza{{lne ng

}noae{ {avqhclp| l{ {aae h{ gcnqplem pfa enzo{ ng }fhp l{ kne{làza` pn ja hrrznrzlhpa jafhwlnqz

gnz h mnn` }nohe% Pfazagnza {avqhc `lwaz{lp| kfhccaema{ pfa fapazn{avqhc enzo he` {fhda{

pfa waz| gnqe`hplne ng rhpzlhzkf|%

Ohle{pzaho {nklap| l{ {n pfzahpaea` j| pfa{a hcpazehpa avrza{{lne{ ng {avqhclp| pfhp lp lepae{lgla{

pfa rza{{qza pn ohzz| ne lp{ |nqem oae he` }noae% Pfl{ fh{ `zlwae ohe| |nqem ca{jlhe{ pn knoolp

{qlklà pn a{khra gzno pfl{ rza{{qza% Gnz le{pheka# le Dazhch }noae gzno rnnz# }nzdlem kch{{

jhkdmznqe`{ rchephplne }nzdaz{# hmzlkqcpqzhc chjnqzaz{ fhwa za{nzpa` pn pfl{ `zh{plk oah{qza%

Pfl{ kcahzc| jacla{ pfa o|pf pfhp {hoa {av à{lza l{ he qrraz kch{{ rfaenoaene%

]a hc{n den} pfhp gnzka{ ng zaclmlnq{ gqe`hoaephcl{o hza aarc| pfzahpaea` j| avrza{{lne{

ng {avqhc lwaz{lp|% He njwlnq{ avhorca }nqc` ja pfa lepncazheka avfljlpa` j| pfa zlmfp }lem pn}hz`{

0:


48/51

Zlmfp{ gnz Hcc

6

pfa onwla Glza% Nz pfa on{p zakaep avhorca rznwlà` j| pfa Hdhc Phdfp{ Ihpfa`hz Inmleàz [lemf

}fn lewnda` pfa hzmqoaep{ ng zaclmlne he` pzh`lplne he` {hl` pfhp {hoa {av à{lza l{ he bhepl/

fqohe paeàek|%

Lp l{ kcahz pfa aoheklrhplne ng }noae kheenp ja eahpc| `lwlà` lepn pfa zlmfp{ ng

fapazn{avqhc }noae he` pfa zlmfp{ ng {hoa {av à{lzlem }noae lekcq`lem ca{jlhe he`

jl{avqhc }noae% He aemhmaoaep }lpf l{{qa{ ng {avqhc lwaz{lp| khe nec| aarae nqz qeàz{phe`lem

ng rhpzlhzkf| he` gnzka{ clda gqe`hoaephcl{o% Lp khe hc{n knepzljqpa pn jznhàelem pfa {knra ng nqz

lewncwaoaep }lpf l{{qa{ ng {avqhclp|# }flkf fh{ {n ghz jaae clolpa` pn }noae{ zarzn`qkplwa fahcpf.

zlmfp{%

Pfa }noae{ onwaoaep le Le`lh fh{ aemhma` ghz onza lepae{ac| }lpf pfa wlncaep h{rakp{ ng

{av% Hjnqp :1 |ahz{ hmn jamhe pfa khorhlme pn hoae` ch}{ zachplem pn zhra% Pfa }noae{ onwaoaep

hzplkqchpa` pfa qeàz{phe`lem pfhp {avqhc wlncaeka avl{p{ jakhq{a ng rn}az avazkl{a` j| oae nwaz

}noae }lpfle pfa rhpzlhzkfhc {nklaphc {pzqkpqza{# }flkf hza gqzpfaz mzhà` pfznqmf kh{pa# kch{{

he` zaclmlnq{ `lwl{lne{%

]a eaa` pn aemhma en} }lpf l{{qa{ npfaz pfhe `l{kzlolehplne he` wlkplol{hplne pn hc{n phcd

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h cqvqz| oahep nec| gnz qrraz kch{{ }noae {aao{ pn h{{qoa pfhp {pzqmmca{ zachpa` pn rnwazp|

ohzmlehcl{a }noae{ zlmfp pn a{lza }fn# }fae he` fn} pfa| }hep% H{ hkplwl{p{ }fn }nzd }lpf rnnz

}noae zqzhc he` qzjhe }a den} pfhp pfl{ enp pzqa%

Hcc onwaoaep{ hza {pzaempfaea` j| `zh}lem kneeakplne{ }lpf ahkf npfaz% Pfl{ knepzljqpa{

pn h fncl{plk qeàz{phe`lem ng `l{kzlolehplne# he` h``{ pn pfa rznka{{ ng àohe`lem he` hkka{{lem

zlmfp{% ]a eaa` pn }nzd pnmapfaz }lpf he qeàz{phe`lem ng h oqcplpqà ng lepazcleda` l{{qa{% Lp hc{n

ae{qza{ lekcq{lne ng le`lwl`qhc{ he` knooqelpla{ ohzmlehcl{a` awae }lpfle {pzqmmca{ gnz iq{plka%

]lpfle pfa ch}# [akplne ;== ng pfa Le`lhe Raehc Knà {phpa{ &ng qeehpqzhc nggaeka{, ]fnawaz

wncqephzlc| fh{ khzehc lepazknqz{a hmhle{p pfa nzàz ng ehpqza }lpf he| ohe# }nohe# nz helohc# {fhcc

ja rqel{fa`Pfl{ ch}# pfznqmf lp{ àglelplne# hrrcla{ pn hcc gnzo{ ng ene/rznkzahplwa {av jap}aae

he| raz{ne{% \ap# lp l{ lepazrzapa` pn hrrc| pn fnon{avqhc jafhwlnqz he` l{ q{a` chzmac| j| ch}

aegnzkaoaep hqpfnzlpla{ pn fhzh{{ he` kzlolehclya oae aemhmlem le fnon{avqhc jafhwlnqz% Lp ohda{

lewl{ljca {hoa {av à{lzlem }noae pfznqmf lp{ ehzzn} àglelplne ng }fhp kne{plpqpa{ {avqhc

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Ending Discrimination Against Queer Desire Under Section

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