Endangered Species Act Precursor created in 1967 Current law created in 1973
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Kieran Suckling Policy Director (520) 275-5960 ksuckling@biologicaldiver sity.org www.esasuccess.org February 28, 2006
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Kieran Suckling Policy Director (520) 275-5960 [email protected] www.esasuccess.org February 28, 2006. Endangered Species Act Precursor created in 1967 Current law created in 1973 1,312 plants and animals currently listed as threatened or endangered - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Endangered Species Act Precursor created in 1967 Current law created in 1973
Kieran Suckling
Policy Director(520) 275-5960
February 28, 2006
Endangered Species Act
Precursor created in 1967
Current law created in 1973
1,312 plants and animals currently listed as threatened or endangered
1,350 historically listed
Purpose:1. Prevent extinction
2. Move species toward recovery
3. Achieve full recovery and remove from endangered list
CENTERFOR
BIOLOGICALDIVERSITY
Is the Endangered Species Act Working?
1. Prevent extinction
2. Move toward recovery
3. Achieve full recovery
● 52 listed species potentially extinct, but…● Only 21 (1.5%) disappeared after listing, and…● Only 2-5 savable at the time of listing
● ESA at least 99.6% successful by this measure
CENTERFOR
BIOLOGICALDIVERSITY
Is the Endangered Species Act Working?
1. Prevent extinction
2. Move toward recovery
3. Achieve full recovery
● 52 listed species potentially extinct, but…● Only 21 (1.5%) disappeared after listing, and…● Only 2-5 savable at the time of listing
● ESA at least 99.6% successful by this measure
CENTERFOR
BIOLOGICALDIVERSITY
● 14 species fully recovered and removed from endangered list
● ESA is 1.0% successful by this measure
Is the Endangered Species Act Working?
1. Prevent extinction
2. Move toward recovery
3. Achieve full recovery
● 52 listed species potentially extinct, but…● Only 21 (1.5%) disappeared after listing, and…● Only 2-5 savable at the time of listing
● ESA at least 99.6% successful by this measure
CENTERFOR
BIOLOGICALDIVERSITY
● 14 species fully recovered and removed from endangered list
● ESA is 1.0% successful by this measure
● 97.5% not extinct or recovered● population trend anecdotes (bald eagle, grizzly bear, etc.), but no comprehensive data…
● until this report
56 endangered species in Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York and New
Jersey
We gathered long-term population trend data on the 53 which were
listed for at least six years
We reviewed federal recovery plans to determine which species were expected to recover by 2005 and which were not expected to
recover that soon
CENTERFOR
BIOLOGICALDIVERSITY
Goal 1: Preventing Extinction
Four extinct or extirpated from the U.S. before listingNone became extinct after listing
Blue Pike
Longjaw Cisco
Eskimo Curlew
Eastern CougarListed: 1974
Last documented: early 1940s
Listed: 1974
Last documented: 1963
Listed: 1974
Extirpated from U.S.: 1967
Listed: 1974
Extinct: 1971
CENTERFOR
BIOLOGICALDIVERSITY
Goal 2: Full Recovery
Critics: all 1,350 species should have recovered, thus “The ESA has a 1% success, 99% failure rate” (Richard Pombo)
How many should have recovered?
Federal recovery plans: require an average of 42 years for recovery actions
Listing length: species on endangered list for 24 years on average
Expected recoveries: federal recovery plans predict 11 recoveries by 2005
Actual recovery record: nine species downlisted, delisted, proposed for delisting, or under consideration for delisting
CENTERFOR
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Predicted vs. Actual Recovery Trend
Species Expected by Recovery Plan
Current Status
American Hart's-tongue fern 1999 Declined, primarily due to NY trend; majority of plants in Canada and stable.
American peregrine falcon 2000 Delisted
Arctic peregrine falcon 1995 Delisted
Bald eagle 2000 Proposed for delisting
Brown pelican (Southeast) 1985 Delisted
Dwarf cinquefoil 2003 Delisted
Gray wolf (Eastern DPS) 2005 Proposed for delisting
Knieskern's beaked-rush 1997 Population trend unknown
Northeastern beach tiger beetle
2005 Stable; large Virginia populations; introductions occurring in NJ and MA
Small whorled pogonia 2003 Downlisted to threatened in 1994
Swamp-pink 2002 Trend unknown, relatively populous
Shortnose sturgeon 2024 Connecticut, Delaware, Hudson, and Kennebec River System populations recommended for down or delisting
Northeastern bulrush 2014 Biologists have recommended down or de-listing
Goal 3: Moving Species Toward Recovery
Increased since listing: 65% (=26)
Remained stable: 28% (=11)
93% (=37) increased or remained stable
Declined since listing: 8% (=3)
Unknown trend: 9
Extinct/extirpated before listing: 4
CENTERFOR
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Three species (=7%) declined
Indiana Bat
300,000
500,000
700,000
900,000
65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89 92 95 98 01 04
American Hart's Tongue
0
30
60
90
120
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02
Total New York plants as a percent of the 1993-
1995 population
Indiana Bat
American Hart’s Tongue Fern
Declined score based primarily on NY which contains most U.S. plants. But most of species is in Canada where it is stable.
In dramatic decline at time of listing, continued to decline for another 25 years, began improving about 1996
Three species (=7%) DeclinedPuritan Tiger Beetle
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Chesapeake Bay
Puritan Tiger BeetleConnecticut River
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Puritan Tiger Beetle
The large Chesapeake Bay populations have declined rapidly since listing. They have received little institutionalized habitat protection.
The two small Connecticut River metapopulations have increased in size due to intensive habitat management and a reintroduction program.
CENTERFOR
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93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Florida Manatee
1,000
2,000
3,000
Humpback Whale
0
400
800
1200
83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
U.S. West Coast
Southeast Alaska
Feeding Stocks
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Delmarva Fox SquirrelChincoteague National Wildlife Refuge
0
100
200
300
67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03
Eastern Gray Wolf
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Great Lakes Population
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
CENTERFOR
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American Peregrine Falcon
0
500
1000
1500
2000
70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00
Breedng pairs
Arctic Peregrine Falcon
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Cape May, NJmigration count
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
CENTERFOR
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Lower 48 pairs
417
7,280
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
CENTERFOR
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Connecticut and New Jerseywintering eagles
0
50
100
150
200
NJ
CT
Northeast and Maine
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03
562
27
385
MAINE
Northeast total
New Hamphsire and Massachusettspairs
0
4
8
12
16
20
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
5
19
NH
MA
1
8
New York and New Jerseypairs
0
25
50
75
100
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
53
94
NY
NJ13
5
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Atlantic Piping Plover
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
U.S. pairs
Atlantic Piping Plover
0
200
400
600
800
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04
Recovery goal
New England pairs
Atlantic Piping Plover
0
100
200
300
400
500
600Recovery goal
New York & New Jersey pairs
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Northeast Roseate TernU.S. Population
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
Northeast Roseate TernNew York & Massachusetts pairs
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
MA
NY
Northeast Roseate TernMaine & New Hampshire pairs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300ME
NH
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Eastern Brown PelicanAtlantic Coast nests
2,000
5,000
8,000
11,000
14,000
17,000
Shortnose Sturgeon
0
20000
40000
60000
77 80 83 86 89 92 95 98 01 04
Hudson River
Delaw are River
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Atlantic Green Sea Turtle
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
Statewide
Index Beachestw o year count
Florida Nests
Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Texas Nests
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Atlantic Leatherback Sea Turtle
0
400
800
Statew ideIndex Beaches
Florida Nests
Atlantic Loggerhead Sea Turtle
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
Statew ide Index Beaches
Florida Nests
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Karner Blue Butterfly
0
10000
20000
30000
0
200
400
600
800
1000Necedah NWR, WI
Concord Airport,
Northern Red-bellied Cooterheadstarted turtles, cumulative
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle
0
500
1000
1500
2000
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Massachusetts and New Jersey
Chesapeake Bay
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Calvert County, MD Janes & Cedar Island, MD
Virginia
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
American Burying Beetle
0
2
4
6
8
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Introduced and Captive Populations
American Burying Beetle
0
200
400
600
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
0
1000
2000
3000
Southw est Block Island
Nantucket cumulative
introductions
American Burying Beetle
0
100
200
300
400
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
Camp Gruber, OK
Wyerhaeuser, OK
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Seabeach Amaranth
0
40,000
80,000
120,000
160,000
200,000
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04
DE, MD, NJ, NY, VA, and NC
Sandplain Gerardia
0
100
200
300
400
500
88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04
plan
ts, t
hous
ands
0
5
10
15
20
25
popu
latio
ns
MA, RI, CT, NY
93% improved or remained stable (examples)
Dwarf Cinquefoil
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98
Furbish Lousewort
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
