End Show Slide 1 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 6-2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources.

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6-2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

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Classifying Resources

Renewable resources can regenerate, or replenished. Example: trees

A nonrenewable resource cannot be replenished by natural processes. Example: oil

Sustainable development: using resources without depleting them or without causing long-term environmental harm.

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Land Resources

Land Resource Problems

Soil erosion is the wearing away of surface soil by water and wind.

Desertification is the process by which productive areas are turned into deserts.

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Land Resources

Prevention strategies

•contour plowing—fields are plowed across the slope of the land to reduce erosion

• leaving stems and roots of the previous year's crop in place to help hold the soil

•planting a field with rye rather than leaving it unprotected from erosion

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Forest Resources

Forest Resources:

•provide wood for products and fuel.

• remove carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

•store nutrients.

•provide habitats and food for organisms.

•moderate climate.

• limit soil erosion.

•protect freshwater supplies.

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Forest Resources

Deforestation has several effects:

•Erosion: wash away nutrients in the topsoil.

•Grazing or plowing can permanently change local soils and microclimates.

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Fishery Resources

Fishery Resources

Fishes and other animals that live in water are a valuable source of food.•Overfishing: reduces the amount of fish that can reproduce

•US National Marine Fisheries Service: regulates ocean fishing

•Aquaculture: raising fish for human consumption.

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Air Resources

Air Resources

Smog is a mixture of chemicals that occurs as a gray-brown haze in the atmosphere due to exhausts and emissions.

A pollutant is a harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water.

The burning of fossil fuels can release pollutants that cause smog and other problems in the atmosphere.

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Formation of Acid Rain

Air Resources

Emissions to AtmosphereNitrogen oxidesSulfur dioxide

Chemical TransformationNitric acid

Sulfuric acid

Condensation

Dry FalloutParticulates

Gases

PrecipitationAcid rain, fog,

snow, and mist

Industry Transportation Ore smelting

Power generation

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Freshwater Resources

Freshwater Resources

Billions of liters of fresh water are used daily for drinking and washing to watering crops and making steel.

Water is a renewable resource, but the total supply of fresh water is limited and threatened by pollution.

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Forest Resources

Sources of pollution include:

• improperly discarded chemicals that enter streams and rivers.

•wastes discarded on land that seep through soil and enter underground water supplies.

•sewage containing compounds that encourage growth of algae and bacteria.

•sewage containing microorganisms that spread disease.

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6-2

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6-2

Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource?

a. trees

b. grasses used by grazing animals

c. oxygen in the air

d. fossil fuels

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6-2

Which of the following is a sustainable-use strategy that can help prevent desertification?

a. contour plowing

b. protecting wetlands

c. aquaculture

d. selective harvesting of trees

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6-2

The advantage of sustainable development is that it

a. provides for human needs without depleting natural resources.

b. produces additional fossil fuels.

c. protects wildlife from hunters and other threats.

d. is a natural process that regulates itself.

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6-2

A mixture of chemicals that occurs as a haze in the atmosphere is known as

a. smog.

b. acid rain.

c. particulates.

d. fog.

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6-2

Plowing the land removes the roots that hold the soil in place and increases the rate of

a. pollution.

b. soil erosion.

c. deforestation.

d. soil formation.

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6-3 Biodiversity

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The Value of Biodiversity

•Biodiversity: the sum total of the genetically based variety of all organisms in the biosphere.

•Ecosystem diversity includes the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes in the living world.


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Species diversity: the number of different species in the biosphere.

Genetic diversity: the sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on Earth today.


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Biodiversity is one of Earth's greatest natural resources.

Species of many kinds have provided us with foods, industrial products, and medicines—including painkillers, antibiotics, heart drugs, antidepressants, and anticancer drugs.


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Threats to Biodiversity


Humans can reduce biodiversity by:

altering habitats

hunting species to extinction

introducing toxic compounds into food webs

introducing foreign species to new environments


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Extinction occurs when a species disappears from all or part of its range.

A species whose population size is declining in a way that places it in danger of extinction is called an endangered species.

As the population of an endangered species declines, the species loses genetic diversity.


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Habitat Alteration

Habitat Alteration

When land is developed, natural habitats may be destroyed.

Development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation.

The smaller a species’ habitat is, the more vulnerable the species is to further disturbance.


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Demand for Wildlife Products


Throughout history, humans have pushed some animal species to extinction by hunting them for food or other products.

Today, in the U.S., endangered species are protected from hunting.


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The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, CITES, bans international trade in products derived from endangered species.


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Introduced Species

Introduced Species

Another threat to biodiversity comes from plants and animals that humans transport around the world either accidentally or intentionally.

Invasive species are introduced species that reproduce rapidly because their new habitat lacks the predators that would control their population.


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Conserving Biodiversity


Conservation is the wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife.


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Strategies for Conservation

Many conservation efforts are aimed at managing individual species to keep them from becoming extinct.


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Conservation efforts focus on protecting entire ecosystems as well as single species.

Protecting an ecosystem will ensure that the natural habitats and the interactions of many different species are preserved at the same time.


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Conservation Challenges

Protecting resources for the future can require people to change the way they earn their living today.

Conservation regulations must be informed by solid research and must try to maximize benefits while minimizing economic costs.


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6-3

The type of biodiversity that includes the inheritance information carried by the Earth’s organisms is called

a. biological magnification.

b. ecological diversity.

c. genetic diversity.

d. species diversity.

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6-3

Populations of invasive species tend to

a. decrease.

b. increase rapidly.

c. remain constant.

d. increase, then decrease.

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6-3

The wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife, is known as

a. biodiversity.

b. conservation.

c. habitat alteration.

d. ecosystem diversity.

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6-3

By focusing on protecting specific ecosystems, biologists hope to preserve

a. global biodiversity.

b. biological magnification.

c. invasive species.

d. habitat fragmentation.

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6-3

In a food pyramid, biological magnification results in the

a. increased amount of a toxic substance in organisms at the lowest level.

b. increased amount of a toxic substance in organisms at the highest level.

c. decreased number of levels in the food pyramid.

d. increased amount of a toxic substance in the surrounding air or water.

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