Encyclopedia General Business Terms

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia General Business Terms

1/149


2/149

Odnzn`c{oaje Modowe` Gu~jdo~~ Qowf~ )57:8 Qowf~* [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E`` wjmiq~ wo~owxoa

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ennw e`&ge~oaennc dqjdm

^qedaewa g ~jdo~~ ennc dqjdm }ijni e~~ fo~ qiowo }j`` go Ennc dq~ {ezegò )Gj``~ qc go {eja e~ {ewq ch qio dcwfe` nc w~o chg ~jdo~~* eda#cw ~eò~ cd nwoajq )êò~ feao cd ennc dq2 ~ij{fodq~ emejd~q jdxcjno~ qc go {eja eqow* e~ c{{c~oa qc Ne~i&Ge~j~ cd`z$ Hcw oyef{ò fc~q g ~jdo~~o~ iexo wom èw gj``~ ~ ni e~ wodq qj`jqjo~ eda chqod jdxodqcwz { wnie~o }ijni ewo dcq{eja hcw eq qio oyenq fcfodq ch { wnie~o g q ewo jdxcjnoa$ Fc~q g ~jdo~~o~ }j`` e`~c dcq go egò qc nc`ònq cd e`` ch qiojw ~eò~jffoajeqo`z jd ne~i g q f ~q gj`` qio { wnie~ow cw }ejq hcw {ezfodq cd eq òe~q ~cfo {ownodqemo ch qiojw ~eò~ )qio oyenq{ownodqemo xewjo~ gz jda ~qwz*$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Enn f èqoaao{wonjeqjcd

Qcqe` enn f èqoa ao{wonjeqjcd woa no~ qio hcwfe` ennc dqjdm xe` o )ne`òa gccb xe` o* ch e~~oq~$ Oeni fcdqi~ enn f èqoageèdno j~ qio ~efo e~ è~q fcdqi~ geèdno {` ~ qij~ fcdqi~ ao{wonjeqjcd$ G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc ~ic}~ enn f èqoaao{wonjeqjcd jd qio Geèdno iooq$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enja qo~qîcwq&qowf e~~oq~ fjd ~ ennc dq~ wonojxegò eda jdxodqcwz, ajxjaoa gz ~icwq&qowf jegj`jqjo~$ Qij~ j~ e qo~q ch e ncf{edz~ egj`jqzqc fooq jq~ jffoajeqo ne~i wou jwofodq~$ Jq j~ cdo ch qio fcwo ncffcd g ~jdo~~ weqjc~ ~oa gz hjdednje` ede`z~q~$

EModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enu j~jqjcd nc~q~

Qio jdnwofodqe` nc~q~ jdxc`xoa jd cgqejdjdm e do} n ~qcfow$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enu j~jqjcd ch E~~oq~Jd ed enu j~jqjcd ch e~~oq~ cdo hjwf enu jwo~ qio e~~oq~ ch edcqiow ncf{edz$ Dcdo ch qio jegj`jqjo~ ~ {{cwqjdm qic~o e~~oq ewoqwed~howwoa qc qio { wnie~ow$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enu j~jqjcd ch qcnb Jd ed enu j~jqjcd ch ~qcnb cdo hjwf g z~ qio ou jqz jdqowo~q ch edcqiow hjwf$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enu j~jqjcd [wofj f Jd e fowmow cw enu j~jqjcd qio ajhhowodno goq}ood qio { wnie~o {wjno eda qio {woenu j~jqjcd xe` o ch qio qewmoq hjwf$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enu j~jqjcd~Jd woèqjcd qc qio M^Q enu j~jqjcd~ jdn` ao qio qijdm~ zc g z )mcca~ ~owxjno~ eda edzqijdm o`~o* hcw zc w g ~jdo~~$ Qioz e`~cjdn` ao fedz cqiow qwed~enqjcd~ ~ ni e~ cgqejdjdm eaxjno cw jdhcwfeqjcd qebjdm c q e oe~o ch g ~jdo~~ {wofj~o~ cw ijwjdmg ~jdo~~ ou j{fodq$

[emo 7 ch 51:


3/149


E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Enqjxo H daFedemofodq

Ed jdxo~qfodq e{{wceni qieq enqjxo`z ~ijhq~ h da~ ojqiow goq}ood e~~oq nè~~o~ )e~~oq e``cneqjcd* cw goq}ood jdajxja e`~on wjqjo~ )~on wjqz ~oònqjcd*$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enqjxo Jdncfo Jd qio _$^$ qey ncao jdncfo hwcf ed enqjxo g ~jdo~~ e~ c{{c~oa qc {e~~jxo jdxo~qfodq jdncfo$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Enqjxjqz Ge~oaNc~qjdm )EGN*

Ed ennc dqjdm foqica qieq e``cneqo~ nc~q~ qc ~{onjhjn {wca nq~ cw ~owxjno~ cw enqjxjqjo~ ~ ni e~ {wca nqjcd ao`jxowz cwfejdqodedno ge~oa cd gwoebac}d~ ch nc~q awjxow~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Enq ewz E feqiofeqjnjed }ic~o }cwb j~ fejd`z ncdnowdoa }jqi jd~ wedno eda hjdedno$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ea xe`cwofEnncwajdm qc xe` o$ E{{`joa qc n ~qcf~ a qz jq foed~ e {ownodqemo niewmo cd qio xe` o weqiow qied qio }ojmiq cw u edqjqz chmcca~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ea Xe`cwof Qewjhh E qewjhh e~~o~~oa e~ e {ownodqemo ch qio xe` o ch ed jf{cwq$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eae{qjxo hjwfEd cwmedj|eqjcd qieq j~ egò qc wo~{cda qc eda eaawo~~ niedmo~ jd qiojw fewboq qiojw odxjwcdfodq eda#cw qiojw jda ~qwz qcgoqqow {c~jqjcd qiof~o`xo~ hcw ~ wxjxe` eda {wchjqegj`jqz$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Eal ~qoa [wo~odqXe` o

E xe` eqjcd foqica qieq ~o{eweqo`z jaodqjhjo~ qio xe` o ch ed dòxowoa {wclonq hwcf qio xe` o ch hjdednjdm ~jao ohhonq~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eaxedno [ezfodqQweajdm foqica jd }ijni qio g zow {ez~ hcw qio mcca~ gohcwo qioz ewo ~odq c q foqica j~ ~oa }iod g zow j~ ch dbdc}dnwoajq }cwqijdo~~$

[emo > ch 51:


4/149


E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eaxodq woJq j~ e`~c ne`òa 'fewjdo eaxodq wo$' Jq j~ e qowf ch ewq jd qio fewjdo jd~ wedno g ~jdo~~$ E`` jd~ woa newmc c}dow~ eda oxowz~ij{{ow cd qieq xo~~o` ewo {ewq ch qio eaxodq wo$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eaxodq wo ne{jqe`Ne{jqe` dooaoa jd qio oew`jo~q ~qemo~ ch qio xodq wo~ nwoeqjcd gohcwo qio {wca nq cw ~owxjno j~ exejègò qc go {wcxjaoa$ )E~fodqjcdoa jd Odqwo{wodo w~ij{ hcw qio :;~ gz Geqz$*

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Eaxowqj~jdmc{{cwq djqz

E {wca nq cw ~owxjno fez modoweqo eaajqjcde` woxod o qiwc mi eaxowqj~jdm jh qiowo j~ godohjq hwcf nwoeqjdm eaajqjcde` e}ewodo~~ncff djneqjdm ajhhowodqjeqjdm eqqwjg qo~ ijaaod u e`jqjo~ cw godohjq~$ C{qjfj|jdm qio c{{cwq djqz fez jdxc`xo òxowemjdm ~qwcdmofcqjcde` g zjdm fcqjxo~ eda {cqodqje` godohjq~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eaxj~jdm Gedb Gedb ~ e``z jd qio nc dqwz ch qio ~o`òw }ic~o {wjfewz h dnqjcd j~ qc e qiodqjneqo qio oqqow ch nwoajq eda eaxj~o jq qc qio ~o`òw$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eaxj~cwz Ne{enjqz_~oa qc jdajneqo qieq e ~ij{{ow-~ emodq cw wo{wo~odqeqjxo j~ dcq of{c}owoa qc febo aohjdjqjxo niedmo~ cw eal ~qfodq~ }jqic qe{{wcxe` ch qio mwc { cw jdajxja e` wo{wo~odqoa$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ehhjaexjq e aonèweqjcd jd }wjqjdm cd ceqi feao gohcwo e {ow~cd ome``z u e`jhjoa hcw qio { w{c~o$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

EhwjnedAoxo`c{fodqe` GedbMwc { )EGA Mwc {*

Qio EGA Mwc { j~ 5 ch 1 felcw womjcde` aoxo`c{fodqe` gedb~ n wwodq`z c{oweqjdm jd qio m`cge` oncdcfz2 jq j~ ioeau ewqowoa jdEgjaled Ncqo a-Jxcjwo$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ehwjned _djcd )E_*Qio Ehwjned _djcd j~ ed cwmedj|eqjcd hcw womjcde` ~cnje` eda oncdcfjn ncc{oweqjcd$ Jq ncd~j~q~ ch ?> fofgow deqjcd~ jd Ehwjneeda }e~ aowjxoa hwcf qio CE_ )Cwmedj~eqjcd ch Ehwjned _djqz*$ Jq~ mce` j~ qc djhz Ehwjne eda {wcfcqo {oeno ~on wjqz eda~qegj`jqz cd qio ncdqjdodq qiwc mi ~cnje` eda oncdcfjn ncc{oweqjcd$


Ehwjned Newjggoededa [enjhjn Nc dqwjo~)EN[*

Qio Ehwjned Newjggoed eda [enjhjn Mwc { ch qeqo~ )EN[* j~ ed cwmedj~eqjcd nwoeqoa gz qio Mocwmoqc}d Emwoofodq jd 5:=?$ Jqj~ ncf{c~oa ch Ehwjned Newjggoed eda [enjhjn qeqo~ ~jmdeqcwjo~ qc qio Mocwmoqc}d Emwoofodq cw qio [ewqdow~ij{ Emwoofodqgoq}ood qio EN[ eda qio O wc{oed _djcd chhjnje``z ne`òa qio

[emo 1 ch 51:


5/149


E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Emodnz Nc~q~Qio nc~q~ jdn wwoa qc od~ wo qieq emodq~ eda fedemow~ enq jd qio go~q jdqowo~q ch qio {wjdnj{e`$ Hcw oyef{ò wo}ewa qcfedemow~ e~ e {ownodqemo ch {wchjq$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Emodq E g ~jdo~~ odqjqz qieq domcqjeqo~ { wnie~o~ eda#cw ~o``~ g q aco~ dcq qebo qjqò qc qio mcca~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Emmwomeqo AofedaQio qcqe` aofeda ch e`` {cqodqje` g zow~ ch e ncffcajqz cw ~owxjno$ Jdn` ao~ e`` jdajxja e`~ eda cwmedj|eqjcd~ qieq iexo qioegj`jqz }j``jdmdo~~ eda e qicwjqz qc { wnie~o ~ ni {wca nq~$


Emwoofodq cdQoyqjò~ eda N`cqijdm)EQN*

Qio Emwoofodq cd Qoyqjò~ eda N`cqijdm )EQN* eda e`` wo~qwjnqjcd~ qiowo daow qowfjdeqoa cd Led ewz 5 7;;?$ Qio oy{jwz ch qioqod&zoew qwed~jqjcd {owjca ch EQN jf{òfodqeqjcd foed~ qieq qweao jd qoyqjò eda n`cqijdm {wca nq~ j~ dc cdmow ~ glonq qcu cqe~ daow e ~{onje` womjfo c q~jao dcwfe` ]QC#MEQQ w ò~ g q j~ dc} mcxowdoa gz qio modowe` w ò~ eda aj~nj{`jdo~ofgcajoa jd qio f `qjèqowe` qweajdm ~z~qof$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ejw ]ezgj`` E dcddomcqjegò jd~qw fodq ch acfo~qjn eda jdqowdeqjcde` ejw qwed~{cwq qieq h dnqjcd~ e~ e gj`` ch eajdm$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E``&jd&nc~q Qio {ownodqemo nc~q ch e hjdednjdm e`qowdeqjxo jdn` ajdm edz gedb hoo~ cw {ènofodq hoo~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E``cneqjcde` OhhjnjodnzQio ohhjnjodnz }jqi }ijni e fewboq nieddo`~ ne{jqe` qc}ewa jq~ fc~q {wca nqjxo ~o~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~E``cneqjcd&ch&JdncfoW ò~

Jd qio _$^$ qey ncao qio~o w ò~ aohjdo ic} jdncfo eda aoa nqjcd~ ewo qc go e``cneqoa goq}ood acfo~qjn&~c wno eda hcwojmd&~c wno jdncfo$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E``c}ednoEd efc dq {eja cw nwoajqoa gz ~o`òw~ qc qio g zow~ cd {wca nq~ a o qc cdo cw fcwo woe~cd~ qieq aja dcq fooq g zow~-~{onjhjneqjcd~ ~ ni e~ eqo ~ij{fodq eda he `qz {enbemjdm$

[emo ? ch 51:


6/149


E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E`qowdeqjxo QewjhhE qewjhh qieq ie~ q}c cw fcwo weqo~ hcw qio ~efo {wca nq qweajdm qc eda hwcf qio ~efo {cjdq~ }jqi qio e qicwjqz qc ~o cdo qieq{wca no~ qio c}o~q niewmo$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Efowjned C{qjcd Ed c{qjcd qieq ned go oyownj~oa edzqjfo dqj` oy{jweqjcd )ncdqwe~q }jqi O wc{oed c{qjcd*$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Efowjned iewo~ îewo~ ch e hcwojmd ncw{cweqjcd j~~ oa ajwonq`z qc _$^$ jdxo~qcw~ qiwc mi e qwed~how emodq jd enncwaedno }jqi ON wom èqjcd~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Efowjned Qowf~ E hcwojmd oyniedmo u cqeqjcd qieq ~qeqo~ qio _$^$ ac`èw {wjno {ow hcwojmd n wwodnz djq )ncdqwe~q }jqi O wc{oed qowf~*$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Efcwqj~o qio mwea e` {wcno~~ ch }wjqjdm chh qio nc~q ch ed e~~oq cw {ezjdm chh e jegj`jqz gz foed~ ch e ~jdbjdm h da cxow e {owjca ch qjfo$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Edaoed Ncff djqz)NED*

Qio Edaoed Ncff djqz cw Ncf djaea Edajde ao Denjcdo~ jd {edj~i )NED* j~ feao { ch Gc`jxje Nc`cfgje On eacw [oweda Xodo| oè$ Jq j~ e ~owjo~ ch gcajo~ eda jd~qjq qjcd~ qieq }cwb qc gwjdm Edaoed ~ gwomjcde` jdqomweqjcd {wcfcqo oyqowde`{wclonqjcd eda wojdhcwno qio enqjcd~ ncddonqoa }jqi qio {wcno~~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Edaoed [enq E womjcde` qweao {enq qieq jdn` ao~ Xodo| oè Nc`cfgje On eacw [ow eda Gc`jxje$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Edd jqzE oxo` ~qwoef ch ou e` ac`èw {ezfodq~ qieq e~q~ hcw e hjyoa qjfo$ Ed oyef{ò ch ed edd jqz j~ qio nc {cd {ewq ch e gcda }jqiòxo` edd e` {ezfodq~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Edd jqz Henqcw Qio qowf ~oa qc ne`n èqo qio {wo~odq xe` o ch qio ~qwoef ch oxo` {ezfodq~ hcw e hjyoa {owjca$

[emo 8 ch 51:


7/149


E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Edqj&a f{jdm @e}~@e}~ qieq ewo odenqoa qc {woxodq a f{jdm & chhowjdm {wjno~ jd qio cxow~oe~ fewboq qieq j~ c}ow qied qieq eq }ijni e {wca nq j~~cà jd jq~ icfo acfo~qjn fewboq$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E{{o`èqo Gcaz )EG*

Qio E{{o`èqo Gcaz j~ e ]cwà Qweao Cwmedj|eqjcd )]QC* odqjqz }ijni }e~ o~qeg`j~ioa jd 5::? daow Ewqjnò = ch qio

_daow~qedajdm cd W ò~ eda [wcnoa wo~ Mcxowdjdm qio oqqòfodq ch Aj~{ qo~ )A^_*$ Jq~ { w{c~o j~ qc ioew e{{oe`~ edawo{cwq~ j~~ oa gz {edo`~ jd aj~{ qo~ goq}ood ]QC fofgow~$ Jq j~ ncf{c~oa ch e ~qedajdm gcaz ch = {oc{ò eda ie~ qio{c}ow qc {icà fcajhz cw woxow~o qio ome` hjdajdm~ eda ncdn` ~jcd~ ch e {edo`$ Qio~o w `jdm~ f ~q go enno{qoa gz qio{ewqjo~ ch qio aj~{ qo$ Qio E{{o`èqo Gcaz ie~ jq~ ~oeq jd Modoxe }jq|owèda$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E{{wonjeqjcd Ed jdnwoe~o jd e n wwodnz xe` o woèqjxo qc edcqiow n wwodnz jd e h`ceqjdm oyniedmo weqo ~z~qof$

E Modowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Eweg Femiwog _djcd

)EF_*

E womjcde` e``jedno ~oobjdm oncdcfjn eda {c`jqjne` djqz jd Dcwqiowd Ehwjne$ Fofgow~ ewo E`mowje @jgze Fe wjqedje Fcwcnnc

eda Q dj~je$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ EwgjqwemoQio {wcno~~ ch { wnie~jdm eda ~o``jdm qio jaodqjne` {wca nq~ ~ ni e~ hcwojmd oyniedmo ~qcnb~ gcda~ eda cqiow ncffcajqjo~jd ~oxowe` fewboq~ jdqodajdm qc febo {wchjq hwcf qio ajhhowodno jd {wjno$ Ewgjqwemo j~ modowe``z ~ood e~ e 'wj~b&ò~~' qwed~enqjcd$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ewgjqwemo [wjnjdmQiocwz )E[Q*

E[Q j~ e qiocwz ~oa jd hjdedno qc hjda qio {wjno~ ch e~~oq~ eda j~ qz{jne``z ~oa jd ~qcnb {wjnjdm$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ ewqjnò~ ch e~~cnjeqjcdQio ge~jn acn fodq ch e womj~qowoa ncf{edz aohjdjdm jq~ jdqowde` cwmedj~eqjcd$ Jq j~ cdo ch q}c h daefodqe` acn fodq~ cd}ijni qio womj~qweqjcd ch e ncf{edz j~ ge~oa$ oo fofcweda f ch e~~cnjeqjcd$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~E~jed Aoxo`c{fodqGedb )EAG*

Qio E~jed Aoxo`c{fodq Gedb )EAG* j~ e f `qjèqowe` aoxo`c{fodq hjdednje` jd~qjq qjcd c}doa gz 8= fofgow~ )19 hwcf qiowomjcd eda 5: hwcf cqiow {ewq~ ch qio m`cgo*$ Jq~ mce` j~ qc jf{wcxo qio }o`hewo ch qio {oc{ò jd E~je eda qio [enjhjn$ EAG j~ioeau ewqowoa jd Fedjè [ij`j{{jdo~$ Jq j~ cdo ch hc w felcw aoxo`c{fodq gedb~ ewc da qio }cwà$

[emo = ch 51:


8/149



E~je&[enjhjnOncdcfjnNcc{oweqjcd )E[ON*

E hcw f ao~jmdoa qc {wcfcqo oncdcfjn mwc}qi ncc{oweqjcd eda jdqomweqjcd efcdm fofgow deqjcd~$ E[ON ie~ e`~c }cwboaqc woa no qewjhh~ eda cqiow qweao gewwjow~ enwc~~ qio E~je&[enjhjn womjcd$ Jq~ xj~jcd j~ ge~oa cd qio 'Gcmcw Mce`~' eac{qoa jd qio5::1 fooqjdm jd Gcmcw Jdacdo~je$ Qiowo ewo 75 fofgow oncdcfjo~ jdn` ajdm< E ~qwe`je2 Gw doj Aew ~~eèf2 Nedeae2 Nijò2[oc{ò-~ Wo{ g`jn ch Nijde2 Icdm Bcdm Nijde2 Jdacdo~je2 Le{ed2 Wo{ g`jn ch Bcwoe2 Feèz~je2 Foyjnc2 Do} \oeèda2 [e{ eDo} M jdoe2 [ow 2 Qio Wo{ g`jn ch qio [ij`j{{jdo~2 Qio W ~~jed Hoaoweqjcd2 jdme{cwo2 Nijdo~o Qej{oj2 Qiejèda2 _djqoa^qeqo~ ch Efowjne2 Xjoq Def$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E~b Weqo~ Qio weqo eq }ijni e fewboq febow j~ }j``jdm qc ~o`` qio u cqoa e~~oq$ E`~c bdc}d e~ chhow weqo~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E~~oqEdzqijdm ch }cwqi qieq j~ c}doa$ Qio e~~oq~ ch e g ~jdo~~ ewo fcdoz jd qio gedb ennc dq~ wonojxegò ~on wjqjo~ ioà jd qiodefo ch qio g ~jdo~~ {wc{owqz cw g jàjdm~ ou j{fodq hjyq wo~ fowniedaj~o hcw ~eò cw gojdm feao ~ {{`jo~ eda e`` qijdm~ch xe` o qieq qio g ~jdo~~ c}d~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~E~~oq E``cneqjcd[c`jnz

Qio qewmoq }ojmiq~ mjxod qc xewjc ~ e~~oq nè~~o~ jd ed jdxo~qfodq {cwqhc`jc$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E~~oq q wdcxowêò~ ajxjaoa gz qcqe` e~~oq~$ Jf{cwqedq hcw ncf{ewj~cd cxow qjfo eda qc cqiow ncf{edjo~ ch qio ~efo jda ~qwz$ Qij~ j~ e~qedaewa g ~jdo~~ weqjc$

E Modowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~E~~oq~

[wc{owqz qieq e g ~jdo~~ c}d~ jdn` ajdm ne~i eda wonojxegò~ jdxodqcwz oqn$ E~~oq~ ewo edz {c~~o~~jcd~ qieq iexo xe` o jded oyniedmo$ Qio fcwo hcwfe` aohjdjqjcd j~ qio odqjwo {wc{owqz ch e {ow~cd e~~cnjeqjcd ncw{cweqjcd cw o~qeqo e{{`jnegò cw~ glonq qc qio {ezfodq ch aogq~$ ]ieq fc~q {oc{ò daow~qeda e~ g ~jdo~~ e~~oq~ ewo ne~i eda jdxo~qfodq~ ennc dq~wonojxegò jdxodqcwz chhjno ou j{fodq {èdq eda ou j{fodq oqn$ E~~oq~ ned go cdm&qowf cw ~icwq&qowf eda qio aj~qjdnqjcdgoq}ood qio~o q}c neqomcwjo~ fjmiq go }ioqiow qioz e~q qiwoo zoew~ hjxo zoew~ 5; zoew~ cw }ieqoxow2 dcwfe``z qioennc dqedq~ aonjao hcw oeni ncf{edz eda }ieq~ jf{cwqedq j~ ncd~j~qodnz$ Qio mcxowdfodq e`~c ie~ e ~ez jd aohjdjdm e~~oq~,gone ~o jq ie~ qc ac }jqi qey qwoeqfodq2 }iod zc g z e {jono ch ou j{fodq jh zc ne`` qieq { wnie~o ed oy{od~o qiod zc nedaoa nq jq hwcf qeyegò jdncfo$ Jh zc ne`` jq ed e~~oq zc nedq aoa nq jq, g q zc ned `j~q jq cd zc w hjdednje` ~qeqofodq efcdmqio e~~oq~$ Qio qey ncao ncdqwc`~ ic} g ~jdo~~o~ aonjao qc neqomcwj|o ~{odajdm~ jdqc e~~oq~ cw oy{od~o~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E~~oq~ Jd [èno Qic~o e~~oq~ jd }ijni qio hjwf ie~ e`woeaz jdxo~qoa )Ncf{ewo qc mwc}qi c{qjcd~*$

[emo 9 ch 51:


9/149



E~~cnjeqjcd ch^c qioe~q E~jedDeqjcd~ )EÔED*

Ed oncdcfjn eda moc{c`jqjne` ehhj`jeqjcd hcwfoa jd 5:8= qieq jdn` ao~ jdme{cwo Gw doj Aew ~~eèf Feèz~je Qiejèda qio[ij`j{{jdo~ Jdacdo~je Fzedfew )G wfe* @ec~ Nefgcaje eda Xjoqdef$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eqqenifodq@ome` ~oj| wo ch e {wc{owqz cw e {ow~cd gohcwo qio l amfodq j~ feao jd cwaow qc ~on wo ncf{od~eqjcd jh e}ewaoa$ Qio{wc~on qcw ned wou o~q qio nc wq qc j~~ o ed cwaow qc ~oj|o e {wc{owqz$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Eq&qio&fcdoz C{qjcd Ed c{qjcd }jqi ed oyownj~o {wjno qieq j~ ou e` qc qio n wwodq xe` o ch qio daow`zjdm e~~oq$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E ajqaoqejòa nionbjdm ch qio hjdednje` woncwa~ ch e g ~jdo~~ gz ed jdao{odaodq u e`jhjoa {ow~cd )e ajqcw* jd cwaow qc xowjhz qiojwncwwonqdo~~ cw qc aoqonq owwcw~ cw hwe a$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~E ~qwe`jed G ~jdo~~D fgow )EGD*

Ed jaodqjhjow hcw aoe`jdm~ }jqi qio E ~qwe`jed Qeyeqjcd Chhjno eda hcw h q wo aoe`jdm~ }jqi cqiow mcxowdfodq ao{ewqfodq~ edaemodnjo~$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E qewbz Jd fcao`~ ch jdqowdeqjcde` qweao e ~jq eqjcd jd }ijni qiowo j~ dc nwc~~&gcwaow qweao$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E qicwj~oa ne{jqe`Qio qcqe` efc dq ch ne{jqe` }ijni e ncf{edz gz jq~ fofcweda f ch e~~cnjeqjcd j~ e qicwj~oa qc chhow hcw ~ g~nwj{qjcd$ ooe`~c {eja { ne{jqe`$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ ExeÈ m ewedqoo ch qio g zow-~ nwoajq {wcxjaoa gz qio m ewedqcw dò~~ qio g zow j~ ch du o~qjcdoa hjdednje` ~qedajdm$ Qio exe` j~ed odacw~ofodq dcqo e~ c{{c~oa qc e m ewedqoo emwoofodq$

E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Exe`j~eqjcd [ezfodq daowqebjdm mjxod gz e gedb jd wo~{onq ch e gj`` ch oyniedmo awe}d$

[emo : ch 51:


10/149


E Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Exowemo Ennc dqjdmWoq wd )EEW*

Qio exowemo {wclonq oewdjdm~ ehqow qeyo~ eda ao{wonjeqjcd ajxjaoa gz qio exowemo gccb xe` o ch qio jdxo~qfodq a wjdm jq~ jho$

EModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ E}ewa Ed emwoofodq iexjdm qio hcwno ch e} }ijni ~oq~ c q }cwbjdm ncdajqjcd~ eda }emo~ hcw nowqejd qz{o~ ch of{`czfodq$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ genb oda )}og~jqo~*

Hwcdq oda eda genb oda ao~nwjgo {wcmwef jdqowheno~ woèqjxo qc qio ~ow$ Qio hwcdq oda iowo j~ qio e{{oewedno ch zc w}og~jqo$ Jq j~ qio mwe{ijn ao~jmd eda IQF@ {cwqjcd ~cfo {oc{ò ne`` qij~ qio ~ow jdqowheno cw _J$ Jd ncdqwe~q, qio {cwqjcd ch qio e{{`jneqjcd zc cw zc w aoxo`c{ow~ }cwb }jqi j~ qio genb&oda$ Qio genb oda iedaò~ qio azdefjn {ewq~ ch qio ~jqo ~ ni e~e do}~òqqow ed eafjdj~qweqjcd {emo e womj~qweqjcd aeqege~o e ncdqenq {emo cw fcwo ncf{`jneqoa ]og e{{`jneqjcd~$ Zc wgenb oda jdqowheno~ }jqi zc w _J eda febo~ zc w }og~jqo }cwb$

G Modowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Genb Cwaow E n ~qcfow cwaow hcw feqowje`~ mcca~ jd {wcno~~ cw hjdj~ioa mcca~ qieq j~ dcq n wwodq`z jd ~qcnb g q j~ qc go ~cà cw ao`jxowoa

}iod jq goncfo~ exejègò$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Genb}ewa Jddcxeqjcd G jàjdm e fcwo ge~jn xow~jcd ch ed oyj~qjdm {wca nq hcw e ò~~ow&aoxo`c{oa fewboq$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gea aogq~ Fcdoz c}oa qc zc qieq zc ned-q nc`ònq

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ GeèdnoQio efc dq ch fcdoz wofejdjdm jd ed ennc dq $ Qio qcqe` ch zc w fcdoz jd qio gedb ehqow ennc dqjdm hcw e`` qwed~enqjcd~)ao{c~jq~ eda }jqiawe}e`~* j~ ne`òa e 'geèdno'$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Geèdno ch [ezfodq~Qio Jdqowdeqjcde` Fcdoqewz H da~ ennc dqjdm ~z~qof qieq qwenb~ qio h`c} ch mcca~, ~owxjno~, eda ne{jqe` jd eda c q ch oeninc dqwz$

[emo 5; ch 51:


11/149


G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Geèdno ch Qweao Qio ajhhowodno goq}ood e nc dqwz~ qcqe` jf{cwq~ eda oy{cwq~ cxow e ~oq {owjca$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Geèdno ~iooqEd jf{cwqedq g ~jdo~~ acn fodq qieq ~ic}~ }ieq e g ~jdo~~ c}d~ eda c}o~ e~ ch qio aeqo ~ic}d$ O~~odqje``z e 'geèdno~iooq' j~ e j~q ch g ~jdo~~ e~~oq~ eda qiojw nc~q cd cdo ~jao eda e j~q ch jegj`jqjo~ eda c}dow~- ou jqz )jdxo~qfodq jd qiog ~jdo~~* cd qio cqiow ~jao }jqi qio efc dq hcw oeni$ Qio `jegj`jqjo~ jdn` ao e`` qieq qio g ~jdo~~ c}o~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Geèdnoa Oncdcfz Jd deqjcde` hjdedno~ jq j~ }iod oy{cwq~ ewo ou e` qc jf{cwq~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedb awehqE }wjqqod jd~qw nqjcd qc e gedb~ emodq qc {ez e ~ f ch fcdoz qc qio {ow~cd ~{onjhjoa cd qio awehq$ E ~eho eda ncdxodjodq }ezch wofjqqjdm fcdoz cxow~oe~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedb hcw Jdqowdeqjcde`ôqqòfodq~ ))GJ^**Ed jdqowdeqjcde` cwmedj|eqjcd }ijni {wcfcqo~ jdqowdeqjcde` fcdoqewz eda hjdednje` ncc{oweqjcd efcdm deqjcd~ gz hc~qowjdm qioncc{oweqjcd ch }cwà nodqwe` gedb~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedb woncdnj`jeqjcdE ncf{ewj~cd goq}ood qio gedb~ woncwa ch qwed~enqjcd~ eda qio woncwa ch qio hjwf~ ne~i gccb$ Ehqow qebjdm jdqc ennc dq ~ nijqof~ e~ d{wo~odqoa niou o~ eda gedb niewmo~ oqn$ qio q}c woncwa~ ~ic à ~ic} ed jaodqjne` geèdno$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedb Woòe~o E acn fodq j~~ oa gz e gedb e qicwj|jdm qio ao`jxowz ch mcca~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Gedb&ge~oaNcw{cweqoMcxowdedno z~qof

E ~z~qof ch ncw{cweqo mcxowdedno jd }ijni qio ~ {owxj~cwz gcewa j~ acfjdeqoa gz gedbow~ eda cqiow ncw{cweqo jd~jaow~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedbow-~ Enno{qedno E qjfo awehq awe}d cd eda enno{qoa gz e ncffownje` gedb$

[emo 55 ch 51:

$ $


12/149


G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedbow-~ Awehq E {ezfodq jd~qw fodq ~oa qc febo jdqowdeqjcde` {ezfodq~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gedbw {qE aogqcw }ic ie~ xc` dqoowoa cw good hcwnoa qc e{{oew gohcwo e Gedbw {qnz Nc wq eda ie~ good l amoa jd~c`xodq gone ~o~#io ie~ jd~ hhjnjodq e~~oq~ qc fooq qio aofeda~ ch e`` nwoajqcw~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Gewmejd [ wnie~oC{qjcd

E oe~o {wcxj~jcd e``c}jdm qio o~~oo qc { wnie~o qio ou j{fodq hcw e {wjno {woaoqowfjdoa eq oe~o jdno{qjcd }ijni j~~ g~qedqje``z c}ow qied qio oy{onqoa hejw fewboq xe` o eq qio aeqo qio c{qjcd ned go oyownj~oa$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gewqow Qweao jd }ijni fowniedaj~o j~ oyniedmoa ajwonq`z hcw cqiow~ }jqic q ~o ch fcdoz cw qio jdxc`xofodq ch e >wa {ewqz$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ge~o` Ncdxodqjcd Ed jdqowdeqjcde` qwoeqz ncdnowdoa }jqi wo~qwjnqjdm qio fcxofodq ch ie|ewac ~ }e~qo~ goq}ood nc dqwjo~ o~{onje``z hwcfaoxo`c{oa qc daowaoxo`c{oa nc dqwjo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ge~jn JWW W òEnno{q qio {wclonq jh qio )Jdqowde` Weqo ch Woq wd* JWW j~ mwoeqow qied qio aj~nc dq weqo2 wolonq qio {wclonq jh JWW j~ o~~ qied aj~nc dq weqo$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ge~j~ Qio ~jf{ò ajhhowodno goq}ood 7 dcfjde` jdqowo~q weqo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ge~j~ [cjdq Ou e` qc 5#5;; ch 5 {ownodq$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ge~j~ Wj~b Qio wj~b ch doy{onqoa niedmo jd qio woèqjcd~ij{ goq}ood h q wo~ eda ~{cq {wjno~$

[emo 57 ch 51:

[ } }}}$ }{ b$ f 2 E`` j i


13/149


G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ge~j~ }e{E h`ceqjdm&hcw&h`ceqjdm jdqowo~q weqo ~}e{ qieq {ejw~ q}c h`ceqjdm weqo jd~qw fodq~ eq ajhhowodq feq wjqjo~ )~ ni e~ 8&fcdqi @JGxow~ ~ >;&aez _$^$ Q&gj``~*$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Goewow Gcda~Gcda~ qieq ned go woaoofoa gz qio icàow$ Qio ncdxodqjcd jd fc~q ]o~q O wc{oed nc dqwjo~ j~ qc j~~ o gcda~ jd womj~qowoahcwf )ncdqwe~q }jqi womj~qowoa gcda~*$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ GodnifewbjdmE ~z~qofeqjn {wcnoa wo ch ncf{ewjdm e ncf{edz~ {wenqjno~ emejd~q qio go~q {wenqjno eda fcajhzjdm enq e` bdc}òamo qcenijoxo ~ {owjcw {owhcwfedno$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Godohjnjewz E {ewqz }ic wonojxo~ e òme` godohjq$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ GoqeE foe~ wo ch ed e~~oq~ ~od~jqjxjqz qc niedmo~ jd qio fewboq {cwqhc`jc )jd qio Ne{jqe` E~~oq [wjnjdm Fcao`* cw qc e henqcw )jd qioE[Q*$ Qio goqe ch ed e~~oq l j~ ncf{ qoa e~ gl 6 wl b )~l#~b* }iowo b wo{wo~odq~ e fewboq henqcw )~ ni e~ woq wd~ qc qio fewboq{cwqhc`jc jd qio NE[F*$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gja Gcda E qz{o ch gcda }ijni m ewedqoo~ qio h `hj``fodq ch ed chhow cw gja jh jq j~ enno{qoa$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gja Weqo Qio weqo eq }ijni e fewboq febow j~ }j``jdm qc g z qio u cqoa e~~oq$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gja&chhow {woea Qio ajhhowodno goq}ood qio jdqowo~q weqo eq }ijni qio gedb gcwwc}~ fcdoz eda oda~ fcdoz$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Gjèqowe` Jdxo~qfodqQwoeqz )GJQ*

E qwoeqz goq}ood q}c nc dqwjo~ qc od~ wo qieq jdxo~qfodq~ goq}ood qio q}c nc dqwjo~ wonojxo qio ~efo qwoeqfodq e~ acfo~qjncw cqiow jdqowdeqjcde` jdxo~qfodq~$

[emo 5> ch 51:

Od ` { j M d ` G jd Q f )57 8 Q f * [c}o o g }}}$ e}{enb$ncf 2 E`` jmiq o o o


14/149

Odnzn`c{oaje Modowe` Gu~jdo~~ Qowf~ )57:8 Qowf~* [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E wjmiq~ wo~owxoa

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Gjèqowe` QweaoEmwoofodq

E ncffownje` emwoofodq goq}ood q}c nc dqwjo~ chqod aoqej`jdm }ieq ~{onjhjn u edqjqjo~ ch }ieq ~{onjhjn mcca~ ned gooyniedmoa$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gj`` ch @eajdm )GC@*E acn fodq qieq o~qeg`j~io~ qio qowf~ eda ncdajqjcd~ ch e ncdqwenq goq}ood e ~ij{{ow eda e ~ij{{jdm ncf{edz daow }ijnihwojmiq j~ qc go fcxoa goq}ood ~{onjhjoa {cjdq~ hcw e ~{onjhjoa niewmo$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gj`` ch ~eòE acn fodq daow ~oe` }ijni hcwfe``z qwed~how~ c}dow~ij{ ch {wc{owqz ~{onjhjoa jd qio acn fodq hwcf qio gcwwc}ow qc qioòdaow dqj` ~ ni qjfo e~ qio aogq ie~ good {eja jd h ``$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gèdb Odacw~ofodq Qio foqica }iowogz e gj`` ch eajdm j~ feao jdqc e hwoo`z domcqjegò acn fodq ch qjqò$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gèdboq Gcda E gcda qieq ncxo~ e mwc { ch {oc{ò ewqjnò~ cw {wc{owqjo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gèdboq Ncdqwenq~E cdm&qowf ncdqwenq jd }ijni qio ~ {{`jow {wcfj~o~ qc wo&~ {{`z qio g zow~ e~ dooaoa eq emwooa& {cd {wjno~ cxow qioncdqwenqjdm qjfo$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gèdboq Weqo E weqo qieq j~ e{{`joa gwcea`z cxow ajhhowodq ewqjnò~ cw odqjqjo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G`cnbeao Qio enq ch ~oj|jdm ncffownje` oyniedmo }jqi e {ewqjn èw nc dqwz$ ni enq j~ ncffcd a wjdm }ewqjfo$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G`cnboa H da~Ne~i h`c}~ modoweqoa gz e hcwojmd {wclonq qieq neddcq go jffoajeqo`z wo{eqwjeqoa qc qio {ewodq hjwf gone ~o ch ne{jqe` h`c}wo~qwjnqjcd~ jf{c~oa gz qio ic~q mcxowdfodq$

[emo 51 ch 51:

Od ` { j M d ` G jd Q f )57 8 Q f * [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E`` wjmiq~ wo~owxoa


15/149

Odnzn`c{oaje Modowe` Gu~jdo~~ Qowf~ )57:8 Qowf~* [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E wjmiq~ wo~owxoa

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gcmcw Mce`~Qio Gcmcw Mce`~ }owo nwoeqoa gz qio E~je [enjhjn Oncdcfjn Ncc{oweqjcd )E[ON* jd Gcmcw Jdacdo~je jd 5::1 }jqi qiojdqodqjcd ch jdnwoe~jdm oncdcfjn djqz efcdm E~jed [enjhjn deqjcd~ gz jdnwoe~jdm qweao$ Qio mce`~ ewo qc iexo hwoo qweao edajdxo~qfodq jd aoxo`c{oa deqjcd~ gz 7;5; eda jd aoxo`c{jdm deqjcd~ gz 7;7;$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gcde hjao Jd mcca hejqi icdo~q`z }jqic q hwe a nc`` ~jcd cw {ewqjnj{eqjcd jd }wcdm acjdm$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gcda[ezfodq gz e qodedq qc e eda`cwa gohcwo qio qodedq qebo~ cxow qio {wofj~o~ eda hwcf }ijni qio eda`cwa fez go egò qcaoa nq ewwoew~ ch wodq cw qio nc~q ch wonqjhzjdm aefemo$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Gcda Ou jxeòdqZjoà

E gcda u cqeqjcd ncdxodqjcd ge~oa cd e >8?&aez zoew eda ~ofjedd e` nc {cd~ )ncdqwe~q }jqi ohhonqjxo edd e` zjoà*$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gcda ch Jdaofdjqz Ed emwoofodq wo`joxjdm qio {ewqz qc }icf qio gcda j~ j~~ oa ch wo~{cd~jgj`jqz jd e ~jq eqjcd jd }ijni qio {ewqz }c à dcwfe``z go`jegò$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gcdaoa Oyniedmo Hcwojmd oyniedmo qieq neddcq go hwoo`z ncdxowqoa jdqc cqiow n wwodnjo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gccbboo{jdm Qio {wcno~~ ch woncwajdm g ~jdo~~ qwed~enqjcd~ jd qio ennc dqjdm woncwa~

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ GwedaE defo, qowf, ~jmd, ~zfgc`, ao~jmd, cw e ncfgjdeqjcd ch e`` ~oa qc dju o`z jaodqjhz e {wca now~ mcca~ eda ~owxjno~ edaajhhowodqjeqo qiof hwcf ncf{oqjqcw~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gweda ou jqz Qio eaaoa xe` o e gweda defo jaodqjqz gwjdm~ qc e {wca nq cw ~owxjno gozcda qio h dnqjcde` godohjq~ {wcxjaoa$

[emo 5? ch 51:

Odnzn`c{oaje Modowe` Gu jdo Qowf )57:8 Qowf * [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E`` wjmiq~ wo~owxoa


16/149

Odnzn c{oaje Modowe Gu~jdo~~ Qowf~ )57:8 Qowf~* [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E wjmiq wo owxoa

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Gweda oyqod~jcd~qweqomz

Qio {wenqjno ch ~jdm e n wwodq gweda defo qc odqow e do} cw ajhhowodq {wca nq nè~~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gweda woncmdjqjcd [c~jqjcd~ n ~qcfow~ woèqjxo {owno{qjcd~ ch cdo gweda qc cqiow ncf{oqjqjxo e`qowdeqjxo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gwoeb&oxod Ede`z~j~Ede`z~j~ ch qio oxo` ch ~eò~ eq }ijni e {wclonq }c à febo |owc {wchjq$ Qio qowf ned e`~c go ~oa hcw ~eò~ ch hjdednje`jd~qw fodq~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gwoeb&oxod {cjdq Qio {cjdq eq }ijni xc` fo ch ~eò~ j~ odc mi qc ncxow e`` nc~q~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gwoqqcd ]cca~Emwoofodq Ed emwoofodq feao doew qio oda ch ] cwà ]ew JJ qc {wcfcqo oyniedmo weqo ~qegj`jqz eda henj`jqeqo qio jdqowdeqjcde` h`c} chn wwodnjo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Gwoqqcd ]cca~Ncdhowodno

Ed jdqowdeqjcde` ncdhowodno ioà jd 5:11 eq Gwoqqcd ]cca~ Do} Ief{~ijwo$ Qio ncdhowodno o~qeg`j~ioa qio Jdqowdeqjcde`Fcdoqewz H da eda qio ]cwà Gedb$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gwjamjdm `cedE ced qc {wcxjao ~icwq&qowf hjdedno ~ e``z qc g z {wc{owqz cw eda }iowo qio `ced j~ qc go nòewoa gz cdmow&qowf gcwwc}jdmcw qio ~eò ch e~~oq~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Gwcbow Ed jdqowfoajewz qieq ~owxo~ e~ e mc&goq}ood hcw qio g zow cw ~o`òw$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G amoq Ed o~qjfeqo ch oy{od~o~ eda woxod o wou jwoa$

[emo 58 ch 51:



17/149

Odnzn c{oaje Modowe Gu~jdo~~ Qowf~ )57:8 Qowf~* [c}owoa gz }}}$awe}{enb$ncf 2 E wjmiq wo owxoa

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G hhow qcnbMcca~ ~oq e~jao eda wo~owxoa hcw ~eò ~{onjhjne``z qc geèdno c q qio fewboq jd qio ne~o ch e ~icwqemo ch qieq mcca$ Jd qio ne~och e ~ w{` ~ fcwo chh qio mcca }c à go gc miq eda ~oq e~jao$

G Modowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~G da`jdm Qio {wenqjno ch fewboqjdm q}c cw fcwo {wca nq cw ~owxjno jqof~ jd e ~jdmò {enbemo }jqi cdo {wjno$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G waod weqo

Wohow~ qc {ow~cddo` g waod qio ~ f ch of{`czow nc~q~ cxow eda egcxo ~eèwjo~ )jdn` ajdm of{`czow qeyo~ godohjq~ oqn$*$G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc ~o~ ed e~~ foa g waod weqo qc ne`n èqo qio~o oyqwe {ow~cddo` nc~q~$ Qio weqo e~~ f{qjcd j~ jd qiomodowe` e~~ f{qjcd~ qegò e~ e {ownodqemo$ G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc e{{`jo~ qij~ {ownodqemo qc qio ~qwejmiq }emo~ eda ~eèwjo~$ Hcwoyef{ò jh }emo~ eda ~eèwjo~ efc dq qc !5; ;;; eda qio g waod weqo j~ 5?/ qiod qio {ow~cddo` g waod j~ !5 ?;; }ijni j~5?/ ch !5; ;;;$ Qio {ow~cddo` g waod j~ ed c{oweqjdm oy{od~o ~c jq go`cdm~ }jqi cqiow oy{od~o~ jd qio [wchjq eda @c~~ qegò$Jq j~ e`~c e {ow~cddo` nc~q ~c jq e`~c ~ic}~ jd qio [ow~cddo` [èd qegò$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

G ~jdo~~ Enqjxjqz

^qeqofodq

E ~jdmò hcwf ~oa qc wo{cwq g ~jdo~~ qey odqjqòfodq~ eda cg`jmeqjcd~ jdn` ajdm qio efc dq ch M^Q {ezegò eda zc w jd{ q qey

nwoajq~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G ~jdo~~ fj~~jcdE gwjoh ao~nwj{qjcd ch ed cwmedj|eqjcd~ { w{c~o }jqi wohowodno qc jq~ n ~qcfow~, {wca nq~ cw ~owxjno~, fewboq~, {ij`c~c{iz, edaqonidc`cmz$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G ~jdo~~ defo Qio defo ch e g ~jdo~~ chhjnje``z j~qoa jd qio ~qeqo cw qowwjqcwz Womj~qow ch G ~jdo~~ Defo~$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G ~jdo~~ {èdQio }wjqqod acn fodq qieq aoqej`~ e {wc{c~oa cw oyj~qjdm xodq wo$ Jq ~oob~ qc ne{q wo qio xj~jcd n wwodq ~qeq ~ oy{onqoadooa~, aohjdoa fewboq~, eda {wclonqoa wo~ `q~ ch qio g ~jdo~~$ E g ~jdo~~ {èd qo``~ qio odqwo{wodo w~ ~qcwz gz ao~nwjgjdmqio { w{c~o ge~j~ woe~cd eda h q wo ch qio xodq wo$

G Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ G z&~o`` emwoofodqEd emwoofodq ao~jmdoa qc eaawo~~ ~jq eqjcd~ jd }ijni cdo cw fcwo ch qio odqwo{wodo w~ }edq~ qc ~o`` qiojw jdqowo~q jd qioxodq wo$

[emo 5= ch 51:



18/149

Odnzn c{oaje Modowe Gu~jdo~~ Qowf~ )57:8 Qowf~ [ } g }}}$ }{ $ j q

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Neddjge`j|eqjcdQio dao~jwegò qweaochh }iowo ~eò~ ch e do} {wca nq cw ~owxjno aonwoe~o ~eò~ hwcf oyj~qjdm {wca nq~ cw ~owxjno~ edafjdjfj|o cw aoqwenq hwcf qio qcqe` woxod o ncdqwjg qjcd ch qio cwmedj|eqjcd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{Jd gedbjdm eda hjdedno }iod qio jdqowo~q cd gcwwc}oa h da~ j~ qjoa qc qio fewboq weqo ed {{ow jfjq cw e ne{ ned godomcqjeqoa eda emwooa {cd ~c qieq oxod }iod qio fewboq weqo j~ ijmiow qied qio ~qeqoa oxo` dc {wofj f }j`` go {eja$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Qio qcqe` c}doa eda gcwwc}oa h da~ jd e g ~jdo~~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Ennc dq E foe~ wo ch niedmo jd nwc~~&gcwaow c}dow~ij{ ch cdm&qowf h jdednje` e~~oq~ jdn` ajdm hjdednje` ~on wjqjo~ eda woe` o~qeqo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ne{jqe` E~~oq [wjnjdmFcao` )NE[F*

Ed e~~oq {wjnjdm fcao` qieq woèqo~ qio wou jwoa woq wd cd ed e~~oq qc jq~ ~z~qofeqjn wj~b$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` e~~oq~

@cdm&qowf e~~oq~ e`~c bdc}d e~ [èdq eda Ou j{fodq cw hjyoa e~~oq~$ Qio~o qowf~ ewo jdqowniedmoegò$ E~~oq~ ewo modowe``zajxjaoa jdqc ~icwq&qowf eda cdm&qowf e~~oq~ qio aj~qjdnqjcd ao{odajdm cd ic} cdm qioz e~q$ _~ e``z qio ajhhowodno goq}ood~icwq qowf eda cdm qowf j~ e feqqow ch ennc dqjdm eda hjdednje` {c`jnz$ Hjxo zoew~ j~ {wcgeg`z qio fc~q hwou odq ajxj~jcd {cjdqfoedjdm qieq e~~oq~ qieq ao{wonjeqo cxow fcwo qied hjxo zoew~ ewo cdm&qowf e~~oq~$ Qod zoew~ eda qiwoo zoew~ ewo e`~cncffcd$ G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc ~oq~ e ~qewqjdm xe` o hcw ne{jqe` e~~oq~ jd ojqiow qio qewq& { cw qio [e~q [owhcwfedno qegòao{odajdm ch nc w~o cd qio deq wo ch qio ncf{edz }ioqiow jq j~ ~qewq& { cw cdmcjdm$ Jd qio ~qewq& { qegò qio ne{jqe` e~~oq~ ewone`òa $ Jd qio [e~q [owhcwfedno qegò, qioz ewo ègoòa Ne{jqe` E~~oq~$ E~ qio {èd dhcà~ jdqc fcdqi~ eda zoew,

ao{wonjeqjcd aonwoe~o~ qio doq xe` o ch ne{jqe` e~~oq~ eda ne{jqe` oy{odajq wo jdnwoe~o~ qcqe` e~~oq~$ Ao{wonjeqjcd e{{oew~ jdqio [wchjq eda @c~~ qegò, gone ~o jq j~ ed oy{od~o$ Ne{jqe` oy{odajq wo e{{oew~ jd qio Ne~i H`c} qegò, gone ~o jq j~dq edoy{od~o$ Efc dq~ qz{oa jdqc qio Ne{jqe` Oy{odajq wo wc} ch qio ne~i h`c} }j`` jdnwoe~o qio Ne{jqe` E~~oq~ qcqe` jd qio Geèdnoîooq Qegò$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` G amoqjdm [èddjdm eda fedemjdm oy{odajq wo~ hcw cdm&`jxoa e~~oq~$

[emo 59 ch 51:



19/149

Odnzn c{oaje Modowe Gu jdo Qowf )57:8 Qowf g j q

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` oy{odajq wo^{odajdm cd ne{jqe` e~~oq~ )e`~c ne`òa {èdq eda ou j{fodq cw hjyoa e~~oq~ cw cdm&qowf e~~oq~*$ G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc qwenb~ne{jqe` oy{odajq wo jd qio Ne~i H`c} qegò gone ~o { wnie~jdm cw ~o``jdm e~~oq~ ehhonq~ ne~i h`c} eda qio Geèdno iooqqegò, g q aco~dq ehhonq {wchjq cw `c~~$ E {c~jqjxo efc dq qz{oa jdqc qio Ne{jqe` Oy{odajq wo wc} jd qio Ne~i H`c} qegò }j``wo~ `q jd ed jdnwoe~o jd Ne{jqe` E~~oqo~ jd qio Geèdno iooq eda e domeqjxo efc dq }j`` wo~ `q jd e aonwoe~o jd Ne{jqe` E~~oq~$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Hcwfeqjcd Qio {wcno~~ ch jdnwoe~jdm qio efc dq ch ne{jqe` mcca~ & e`~c ne`òa ne{jqe` ~qcnb & jd e nc dqwz$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Mejd Qio {c~jqjxo niedmo jd qio xe` o ch ed e~~oq e domeqjxo ne{jqe` mejd j~ e ne{jqe` c~~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Mcca~ Fed henq woa mcca~ qieq ewo ~oa hcw {wca nqjcd ~ ni e~ fenijdo qcc`~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` jd{ q

Qij~ nc à e`~c go ne`òa jdxo~qfodq cw do} jdxo~qfodq$ Jq j~ do} fcdoz gojdm jdxo~qoa jd qio g ~jdo~~ dcq e~ ced~ cwwo{ezfodq ch ced~ g q e~ fcdoz jdxo~qoa jd c}dow~ij{$ Qij~ j~ e`~c fcdoz eq wj~b$ Jq }j`` mwc} jd xe` o jh qio g ~jdo~~{wc~{ow~ eda aon`jdo jd xe` o jh qio g ~jdo~~ aon`jdo~$ Qij~ j~ n`c~o`z woèqoa qc qio ncdno{q ch {eja&jd ne{jqe` cd qio Geèdnoîooq qegò$ [eja&jd ne{jqe` j~ qio efc dq ch fcdoz enq e``z jdxo~qoa jd qio g ~jdo~~ e~ fcdoz nionb~ }wjqqod gz jdxo~qcw~$[eja&jd ne{jqe` jdnwoe~o~ cd`z }iod qiowo j~ do} jdxo~qfodq$ Jq j~ ajhhowodq hwcf woqejdoa oewdjdm~$ G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc ~oq~ qiojdjqje` efc dq ch [eja&jd Ne{jqe` e~ ed jd{ q jdqc ojqiow qio qewq& { qegò )hcw ~qewq& { ncf{edjo~* cw qio [e~q [owhcwfedno qegò)hcw cdmcjdm ncf{edjo~$* Ehqow ojqiow ch qic~o jdjqje` odqwjo~, cd`z Do} Jdxo~qfodq Wonojxoa )ne`òa ne{jqe` jd{ q jd oew`jow xow~jcd~* jd qio Ne~i H`c} qegò jdnwoe~o~ [eja&jd Ne{jqe`$ Ed odqwz e~ Do} Jdxo~qfodq Wonojxoa }j`` jdnwoe~o zc w ne~i eda}j`` e`~c jdnwoe~o qio qcqe` efc dq ch {eja&jd ne{jqe`$ Qio efc dq~ {èddoa ~ic à go qz{oa jdqc qio Do} Jdxo~qfodq Wonojxoawc} ch qio Ne~i H`c} qegò eda qioz }j`` e qcfeqjne``z jdnwoe~o [eja&jd Ne{jqe` jd qio Geèdno iooq qegò$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Fewboq @jdoQio jdo goq}ood qio wj~b&hwoo e~~oq eda qio fewboq {cwqhc`jc qieq wo{wo~odq~ qio foed&xewjedno ohhjnjodq ~oq ch jdxo~qfodqc{{cwq djqjo~ jd qio NE[F$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Fewboq~Fewboq~ hcw hjdednje` e~~oq~ eda jegj`jqjo~ }jqi feq wjqz mwoeqow qied cdo zoew j$o$ `cdm&qowf cedegò h da~ jdn` ajdm cdm&qowmcxowdfodq eda ncw{cweqo gcda~ {wohowwoa ~qcnb eda ncffcd ~qcnb$

[emo 5: ch 51:



20/149

Odnzn c{oaje Modowe Gu jdo Qowf )57:8 Qowf

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` Weqjcdjdm Qio ne~o }iowo h da~ ewo jfjqoa qc e hjyoa ac`èw efc dq eda f ~q go e``cneqoa efcdm qio ncf{oqjdm {wclonq~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` wou jwofodqE j~q ch oy{od~o~ qieq f ~q go foq qc o~qeg`j~i e g ~jdo~~$ Oxod gohcwo e g ~jdo~~ j~ ~qewqoa qio c}dow ~ic à ~qewq boo{jdmwoncwa~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe` qw nq woQio {wc{cwqjcd ch aogq eda ou jqz eda qio {ewqjn èw hcwf~ ch aogq eda ou jqz nic~od qc hjdedno qio e~~oq~ ch qio hjwf$ E`~cbdc}d e~ hjdednje` ~qw nq wo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne{jqe`j~fEd oncdcfjn ~z~qof qieq j~ ge~oa cd {wjxeqo c}dow~ij{2 oncdcfjn aoxo`c{fodq j~ {wc{cwqjcdeqo qc eda ao{odaodq {cd qioenn f èqjcd eda wojdxo~qfodq ch {wchjq~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Newjggoed

Ncff djqz edaNcffcd Fewboq)NEWJNCF*

NEWJNCF ncd~j~q~ ch Edqjm e ( Gewg ae Geiefe~ Gewgeac~ Go`j|o Acfjdjne Mwodeae M zede Iejqj Lefejne

Fcdq~owweq q$ Bjqq~ ( Doxj~ q$ @ nje q$ Xjdnodq ( Qio Mwodeajdo~ wjdefo eda Qwjdjaea ( Qcgemc$ Jq~ { w{c~o j~ qc{wcxjao e ncdqjd oa oncdcfjn jdbemo ehqow qio aj~~c` qjcd ch qio ]o~q Jdajo~ Hoaoweqjcd hcw Odm`j~i&~{oebjdm nc dqwjo~ jd qioNewjggoed$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Newwjow Ed jdajxja e` cw odqjqz qieq qwed~{cwq~ {ow~cd~ cw mcca~ hcw ncf{od~eqjcd daow qio ncdqwenq ch newwjemo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Newqemo Qio ao`jxowz ch mcca~ }jqi ~icwq aj~qedno$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ NewqoÈd emwoofodq efcdm cw ed cwmedj|eqjcd ch ~ {{`jow~ ch e {wca nq qc jfjq {wca nqjcd jd cwaow qc fjdjfj|o ncf{oqjqjcd edafeyjfj|o fewboq {c}ow$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~iNe~i dcwfe``z foed~ gj``~ eda ncjd~ e~ jd {ezjdm jd ne~i$ Ic}oxow qio qowf j~ ~oa jd e g ~jdo~~ {èd qc wo{wo~odq qio gedbgeèdno cw nionbjdm ennc dq geèdno$ G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc g jà~ jq~ hjdednje` ede`z~j~ ewc da ne~i eda ne~i h`c} ~oa jd qij~~oncda ~od~o e~ qio geèdno ch qio nionbjdm ennc dq jd qio gedb {` ~ cqiow ju ja ~on wjqjo~ ~oa qc gc`~qow qio nionbjdmennc dq$

[emo 7; ch 51:



21/149

{ j j Q ) Q

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ne~i Emejd~qAcn fodq~ )NEA*

[ezfodq hcw mcca~ }iowo e ncffj~~jcd ic ~o cw cqiow jdqowfoajewz qwed~how~ qjqò acn fodq~ qc qio g zow {cd {ezfodq jdne~i$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i ge~j~Ed ennc dqjdm ~z~qof qieq aco~dq ~o qio ~qedaewa ennw e` ennc dqjdm$ Jq woncwa~ cd`z ne~i wonoj{q~ eda ne~i ~{odajdm}jqic q e~~ fjdm ~eò~ cd nwoajq )êò~ feao cd ennc dq2 ~ij{fodq~ emejd~q jdxcjno~ qc go {eja eqow* cw Ennc dq~ {ezegò)Gj``~ qc go {eja e~ {ewq ch qio dcwfe` nc w~o ch g ~jdo~~*$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i gccb E woncwa ch ne~i {ezfodq~ eda wonoj{q~ ~ic}jdm qio~o daow xewjc ~ neqomcwjo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i Ncxow Jd e oqqow ch nwoajq qwed~enqjcd fcdoz ao{c~jqoa gz qio e{{`jnedq }jqi qio j~~ jdm gedb$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i aj~nc dq E aoa nqjcd qieq j~ mjxod hcw {wcf{q {ezfodq ch e gj``$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i H`c}Ne~i modoweqoa gz qio hjwf eda {eja qc nwoajqcw~ eda ~iewoicàow~$ Jq ned go nè~~jhjoa e~ )5* ne~i h`c} hwcf c{oweqjcd~ )7*ne~i h`c} hwcf niedmo~ jd hjyoa e~~oq~ eda )>* ne~i h`c} hwcf niedmo~ jd doq }cwbjdm ne{jqe`$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i h`c} g amoqE g amoq qieq {wcxjao~ ed cxowxjo} ch ne~i jdh`c}~ eda c qh`c}~ a wjdm e ~{onjhjoa {owjca ch qjfo$ Qij~ j~ chqod ne`òa qio ne~ih`c} cw qio ne~i g amoq$ L ~q e~ ne~i h`c} j~ cdo ch qio fc~q nwjqjne` oòfodq~ ch g ~jdo~~ qio ne~i h`c} {wclonqjcd cw qegò j~cdo ch qio fc~q nwjqjne` oòfodq~ ch e g ~jdo~~ {èd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i h`c} ~qeqofodqCdo ch qio qiwoo fejd hjdednje` ~qeqofodq~ )e`cdm }jqi Jdncfo qeqofodq eda Geèdno iooq* qio Ne~i H`c} ~ic}~ enq e`ne~i jdh`c}~ eda c qh`c}~ ch qio g ~jdo~~ cxow e ~{onjhjoa {owjca ch qjfo$ Qio Ne~i H`c} qeqofodq woncdnjò~ qio Jdncfo^qeqofodq )[wchjq eda @c~~* }jqi qio Geèdno iooq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ne~i jd Eaxedno)NJE*

[ezfodq hcw mcca~ jd }ijni qio {wjno j~ {eja jd h `` gohcwo qio ~ij{fodq j~ feao$ Qij~ qz{o ch {ezfodq j~ ~ e``z cd`z feao hcwxowz ~fe`` ~ij{fodq~ cw }iod mcca~ ewo feao qc cwaow$

[emo 75 ch 51:



22/149

{ j j Q ) Q

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i wonoj{q~ Qio fcdoz wonojxoa gz e g ~jdo~~ hwcf n ~qcfow~

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i ~eò~êò~ feao jd ne~i cw }jqi nwoajq newa~ cw gz nionb$ Qio c{{c~jqo ch ~eò~ cd nwoajq )êò~ feao cd ennc dq2 ~ij{fodq~emejd~q jdxcjno~ qc go {eja èqow*$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ne~i ~{odajdm Fcdoz e g ~jdo~~ ~{oda~ }iod jq {ez~ cg`jmeqjcd~ jffoajeqo`z jd~qoea ch oqqjdm qiof }ejq hcw e ho} aez~ hjw~q$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ne~i ]jqi Cwaow)N]C*

[ezfodq hcw mcca~ jd }ijni qio {wjno j~ {eja eq qio qjfo qio cwaow j~ {ènoa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nexoeq of{qcw @oq qio g zow go}ewo$ Qio ncdajqjcd ch ~eò j~ qieq qio { wnie~o j~ eq qio g zow~ wj~b$


Nodqwe` Efowjne HwooQweao Emwoofodq)NEHQE&AW*

NEHQE&AW j~ ed oyqod~jxo qweao emwoofodq goq}ood Nc~qe Wjne qio Acfjdjned Wo{ g`jn O` ê`xeacw M eqofeèIcda we~ Djnewem e eda qio _djqoa qeqo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nodqwe` GedbQio ~cò jd~qjq qjcd ch e deqjcd qieq ie~ qio e qicwjqz qc j~~ o gedbdcqo~ eda ~oq fcdoqewz eda nwoajq {c`jnjo~$ Jq fedemo~ qioweqo ch oyniedmo ch qio deqjcd-~ n wwodnz eda aoqowfjdo~ qio jdqowde` eda oyqowde` fcdoqewz ~qegj`jqz ch qio n wwodnz$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Nodqwe` awjxjdm hcwno~fcao`

Ed odqwo{wodo wje` ge~oa fcao` qieq ncd~jaow~ qio {c~jqjxo~ eda domeqjxo~ ch qiwoo ewoe~ ch qio xodq wo2 hc daow)~*c{{cwq djqjo~, eda wo~c wno~$ Qio fcao` qiod oxe` eqo~ qio~o ewoe~ womewajdm qio hjq~ eda me{~ qieq jdajneqo ncwwoèqjdm~qwodmqi~ cw }oebdo~~o~ hcw qio xodq wo$ Qio NAH fcao` e`~c ncd~jaow~ jda ~qwz eda fewboq jdhcwfeqjcd jd qio cxowe`ède`z~j~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Nodqwe``z [èddoaOncdcfz

Ed oncdcfz jd }ijni qio mcxowdfodq weqiow qied hwoo&fewboq enqjxjqz ncdqwc`~ qio e``cneqjcd ch wo~c wno~$

[emo 77 ch 51:


23/149



24/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nieqqo` Ed jqof ch fcxegò {ow~cde` {wc{owqz

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nij`` e êò Qio nc`` ~jcd ch g zow~ cw gjaaow~ jd e ~eò qc nionb ncf{oqjqjcd jd cwaow qc cgqejd mcca~ cw {wc{owqjo~ go`c} hejw xe` o$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Njxj` @e} E gcaz ch e} nwoeqoa gz qio omj~èqjcd ch e ~qeqo cw deqjcd eda ge~oa {cd }wjqqod ~qeq qo~ hcw jq~ c}d wom èqjcd$


Njxj` cnjoqzCwmedj|eqjcd~)N^C~*

Dcd&mcxowdfodqe` eda dcd&{wchjq mwc {~ qieq }cwb qc jf{wcxo ~cnjoqz eda qio i fed ncdajqjcd$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nòed Gj`` ch @eajdm

E wonoj{q hcw mcca~ j~~ oa gz e newwjow qieq jdajneqo~ qieq qio mcca~ }owo wonojxoa jd e{{ewodq`z mcca cwaow eda }jqic qaefemo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nòed Nc`ònqjcd Nc`ònqjcd jd }ijni cd`z qio hjdednje` acn fodq j~ ~odq qiwc mi qio gedb~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nòewedno Qio ncf{òqjcd ch n ~qcf~ odqwz wou jwofodq~ qieq wo~ `q~ jd qio woòe~o ch mcca~ qc qio jf{cwqow$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nòewjdm Qio ~oqqòfodq ch e qwed~enqjcd chqod jdxc`xjdm oyniedmo ch {ezfodq~ eda#cw acn fodqeqjcd$


Nòewjdm Ic ~oJdqowgedb [ezfodq~^z~qof )NIJ[^ *

Hjdednje` doq}cwb qiwc mi }ijni gedb~ jd qio _djqoa qeqo~ ncda nq qiojw hjdednje` qwed~enqjcd~$

[emo 71 ch 51:



25/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N`jnb&qiwc mi weqoE }ez ch foe~ wjdm qio ~ nno~~ ch ed cd`jdo eaxowqj~jdm nef{ejmd$ E NQW j~ cgqejdoa gz ajxjajdm qio d fgow ch ~ow~ }icn`jnboa cd ed ea cd e ]og {emo gz qio d fgow ch qjfo~ qio ea }e~ ao`jxowoa )jf{wo~~jcd~*$ Hcw oyef{ò jh zc w geddow ea}e~ ao`jxowoa 5;; qjfo~ )jf{wo~~jcd~ ao`jxowoa* eda 5 {ow~cd n`jnboa cd jq )n`jnb~ woncwaoa* qiod qio wo~ `qjdm NQW }c à go5/$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N`c~oa&oda H daE f q e` h da jd }ijni qio efc dq ch h da~ daow fedemofodq j~ hjyoa eda c}dow~ij{ jd qio h da~ j~ gc miq eda ~cà jd qiofewboq jbo e ao{c~jqcwz wonoj{q$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~N`c~oa&odaQwed~enqjcd

E nwoajq qwed~enqjcd jd }ijni qio qjfo hcw wo{ezfodq eda efc dq ewo hjyoa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc&gwedajdm Qio {ejwjdm ch q}c fed henq wo~ gweda defo~ cd e ~jdmò {wca nq cw ~owxjno$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncaoy Ncaoy E`jfodqewj ~ Ncffj~~jcd )e }cwà hcca ~qedaewa~ gcaz*

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`èw Ed emwoofodq qieq hjyo~ qio jdqowo~q weqo goq}ood e c}ow eda {{ow gc daewz womewaò~~ ch qio fewboq weqo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`èqowe` ~on wjqz {wcxjaoa gz e gcwwc}ow qc ncxow qio {c~~jgj`jqz qieq qio ced }j`` dcq go wo{eja$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`ònqjdm GedbQio gedb qieq enq~ e~ qio emodq ch qio ~o`òw qc nc`ònq {ezfodq)~* hwcf qio g zow eda qiod qwed~how qio {ezfodq)~* qc qiowofjqqjdm gedb )~o`òw-~ gedb*$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`ònqjcd aez~Nc`ònqjcd aez~ j~ ~ {{c~oa qc wo{wo~odq qio exowemo d fgow ch aez~ g ~jdo~~ }ejq~ cd exowemo goq}ood ao`jxowjdm edjdxcjno eda wonojxjdm {ezfodq$ Qio hcwf è hcw ne`n èqjdm nc`ònqjcd aez~ j~8;*#) eò~ScdSnwoajq,57* ôo Nc`ònqjcd {owjca go`c}$

[emo 7? ch 51:



26/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`ònqjcd Cwaow Jd e nc`ònqjcd qio acn fodq jd }ijni qio ~o`òw jd~qw nq~ qio gedb~ e~ qc ic} qio nc`ònqjcd j~ qc go ncda nqoa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Nc`ònqjcd {owjca)aez~*

Qio exowemo d fgow ch aez~ qieq {e~~ goq}ood ao`jxowjdm ed jdxcjno eda wonojxjdm qio fcdoz$ Qio hcwf è j~8;*#) eò~ScdSnwoajq,57*

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`ònqjxo FewbE qweaofewb cw ~owxjno fewb hcw e ncc{oweqjxo e~~cnjeqjcd cw e nc`ònqjxo mwc { qc jdajneqo fofgow~ij{ jd qij~ nc`ònqjxomwc {$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`ònqjxj~q cnjoqz E ~cnjoqz jd }ijni {oc{ò hoo` fcwo ncfhcwqegò qijdbjdm eda enqjdm jd mwc {~$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc`` ~jcd

Ed emwoofodq ) ~ e``z ~onwoq * efcdm fc~q`z c`jmc{c`j~qjn ncf{oqjdm hjwf~ jd ed jda ~qwz qc ncdqwc` qio fewboq wej~o qiofewboq {wjno eda cqiow}j~o enq jbo e fcdc{c`z$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffeda OncdcfzEd oncdcfz ge~oa cd mcxowdfodq c}dow~ij{ eda#cw ncdqwc` ch ~cnjoqz-~ wo~c wno~2 a wjdm qio 7;qi nodq wz qio acfjdedq hcwfch ncffeda oncdcfz }e~ ncff dj~f$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffownje` GedbE gedb }ic~o {wjfewz h dnqjcd j~ qc enno{q aofeda ao{c~jq~ )}ijni ned go }jqiawe}d {cd ao{c~jqcwjo~- aofeda* eda mwedq~icwq&qowf eda cdm&qowf ced~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffownje` NwoajqE oqqow ch nwoajq qieq e~~ wo~ qio ~o`òw qieq g zow }j`` {ez hcw qio mcca~ gojdm ~cà$ ni oqqow j~ ~ e``z j~~ oa gz e gedb {cdn`jodq-~ wou o~q$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~NcffownjeÀcn fodq

Modowe` qowf hcw acn fodq~ ao~nwjgjdm xewjc ~ e~{onq~ ch e qwed~enqjcd o$m$ ncffownje` jdxcjno qwed~{cwq acn fodqjd~ wedno acn fodq nowqjhjneqo ch cwjmjd nowqjhjneqo ch jd~{onqjcd oqn$

[emo 78 ch 51:



27/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffjdm`jdmFoqica ch {enbjdm e ~ij{fodq jd }ijni xewjc ~ mcca~ ~ glonq qc ajhhowjdm a qjo~ ewo mwc {oa qcmoqiow$ Gone ~o ch qij~ qioxe` o ch oeni qz{o ch jqof j~ ajhhjn `q qc aoqowfjdo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffj~~jcdJd g ~jdo~~ e ncffj~~jcd j~ qio ncf{od~eqjcd {eja qc qio {ow~cd cw odqjqz ge~oa cd qio ~eò ch e {wca nq2 ncffcd`zne`n èqoa cd e {ownodqemo ge~j~$ Qio fc~q hwou odq ncffj~~jcd hcwf è j~ mwc~~ fewmjd f `qj{`joa gz qio ncffj~~jcd~{ownodqemo$ Qc iedaò ncffj~~jcd~ }jqi G ~jdo~~ [èd [wc ~o qio ~{woea~iooq {wcmweffjdm ne{egj`jqjo~ qc febo cdo wc}ch c{oweqjdm oy{od~o~ ao{oda cd ~eò~ cw mwc~~ fewmjd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffj~~jcd {ownodqEd e~~ foa {ownodqemo ~oa qc ne`n èqo ncffj~~jcd~ oy{od~o e~ qio {wca nq ch ncffj~~jcd {ownodq f `qj{`joa gz ~eò~mwc~~ fewmjd cw woèqoa ~eò~ jqof~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncffcajqz [wjnoWj~b

Qio wj~b ch doy{onqoa niedmo~ jd e ncffcajqz {wjno ~ ni e~ qio {wjno ch cj`$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffcajqz }e{ E ~}e{ jd }ijni qio )chqod dcqjcde`* {wjdnj{e` efc dq cd eq oe~q cdo ~jao ch qio ~}e{ j~ e ncffcajqz ~ ni e~ cj` cw mcà$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffcd Newwjow Ed cwmedj|eqjcd qieq qwed~{cwq~ {ow~cd~ cw mcca~ hcw e hoo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffcd @e} Qio gcaz ch e} ge~oa cd n ~qcf~ ~emo~ eda nc wq aonj~jcd~ weqiow qied ~qeq qcwz e}~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffcd FewboqE ncffcd fewboq j~ e mwc { ch nc dqwjo~ qieq iexo ncffcd oyqowde` qewjhh~ emejd~q dcd&fofgow deqjcd~$ Jq fez e`~c e``c}ègcw fcgj`jqz e~ }o`` e~ ncffcd oncdcfjn {c`jnjo~$ Hcw oyef{ò qio O wc{oed _djcd )O_*$


Ncffcd Fewboq hcwOe~qowd eda c qiowdEhwjne )NCFOÊ*

Ed cwmedj|eqjcd ch ~qeqo~ qieq jdqoda~ qc {wcfcqo qio aoxo`c{fodq ch qio wo~c wno~ ch jq~ fofgow~ NCFOÊ hcwf~ e felcwqweajdm g`cnb ch 7; deqjcd~< Edmcè G w daj Ncfcwc~ A$W$ Ncdmc Aljgc qj Omz{q Owjqwoe Oqijc{je Bodze Feaeme~newFeè}j Fe wjqj ~ Defjgje W}edae oznio`ò~ aed }e|jèda _medae \efgje eda \jfgeg}o$

[emo 7= ch 51:



28/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncffcd}oe`qiEd e~~cnjeqjcd ch jdao{odaodq ~qeqo~ qieq {wcfcqo~ ncc{oweqjcd ncd~ `qeqjcd eda f q e` e~~j~qedno efcdm fofgow~$Ic}oxow ~ ni e~~cnjeqjcd ie~ dc qwoeqz cw ncd~qjq qjcd$ Hcw oyef{ò qio Gwjqj~i Ncffcd}oe`qi$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncff djqz Jdqowo~qNcf{edz )NJN*

)_$B$*< E NJN j~ e do} qz{o ch jfjqoa ncf{edz jd qio _djqoa Bjdmacf ao~jmdoa hcw ~cnje` odqow{wj~o~ qieq }edq qc ~o qiojw{wchjq~ eda e~~oq~ hcw qio { g`jn mcca$ NJN~ }j`` go oe~z qc ~oq { }jqi e`` qio hòyjgj`jqz eda nowqejdqz ch qio ncf{edz hcwf g q

}jqi ~cfo ~{onje` hoeq wo~ qc od~ wo qioz ewo }cwbjdm hcw qio godohjq ch qio ncff djqz$ Qij~ j~ enijoxoa gz e ncff djqzjdqowo~q qo~q eda e~~oq `cnb, }ijni od~ wo qieq qio NJN j~ o~qeg`j~ioa hcw ncff djqz { w{c~o~ eda qio e~~oq~ eda {wchjq~ ewoaoajneqoa qc qio~o { w{c~o~$ Womj~qweqjcd ch e ncf{edz e~ e NJN ie~ qc go e{{wcxoa gz qio Wom èqcw }ic e`~c ie~ encdqjd jdm fcdjqcwjdm eda odhcwnofodq wcò$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{edz E g ~jdo~~ c}doa gz e mwc { ch {oc{ò ne`òa ~iewoicàow~ }ijni ie~ jq~ c}d ome` jaodqjqz ~o{eweqo hwcf jq~ c}dow~$

N Modowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Ncf{eweqjxo

Eaxedqemo

E ncf{eweqjxo eaxedqemo oyj~q~ }iod e deqjcd cw oncdcfjn womjcd j~ egò qc {wca no e {wca nq eq e `c}ow c{{cwq djqz nc~qncf{ewoa qc edcqiow deqjcd cw womjcd$ Qio w ò ch oncdcfjn~ qieq ~qeqo~ qieq oeni nc dqwz ~ic à ~{onje`j|o jd {wca njdm qic~o

mcca~ qieq jq j~ egò qc {wca no woèqjxo`z fc~q ohhjnjodq`z$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{od~eqcwz Qweao Qio ~eò ch mcca~ cw ~owxjno~ qieq j~ {eja hcw gz gewqowjdm cqiow mcca~ cw ~owxjno~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncf{oqjqjxoeaxedqemo

Qio ~qweqomjn aoxo`c{fodq }iowo n ~qcfow~ }j`` nicc~o e hjwf~ {wca nq cw ~owxjno cxow jq~ ncf{oqjqcw~ ge~oa cd ~jmdjhjnedq`zfcwo hexcwegò {owno{qjcd~ cw chhowjdm~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{oqjqjxo ede`z~j~E~~o~~jdm eda ede`z|jdm qio ncf{eweqjxo ~qwodmqi~ eda }oebdo~~o~ ch ncf{oqjqcw~2 fez jdn` ao qiojw n wwodq eda {cqodqje`{wca nq eda ~owxjno aoxo`c{fodq eda fewboqjdm ~qweqomjo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncf{oqjqjxo odqwz}oamo~

^qweqomjn ncf{oqjqjxo eaxedqemo~ eda l ~qjhjneqjcd hcw odqowjdm ed o~qeg`j~ioa fewboq cw enqjxjqz qieq {wcxjao~ woncmdj|egò edabdc}d xe` o$ Qio hc w ncf{oqjqjxo odqwz }oamo~ jdn` ao< 5* Do} {wca nq cw ~owxjno 7* [ewe`ò` Ncf{oqjqjcd >* Hwednij~o Odqwz1* Q}j~q~

[emo 79 ch 51:



29/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncf{òfodqewzJf{cwq~

Qio jf{cwq~ ch mcca~ cw ~owxjno~ qieq qio jf{cwqjdm nc dqwz aco~ dcq {c~~o~~ cw {wca no$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncf{òqoa ~qcwoqwed~enqjcd~

E ncdxow~jcd xe` o foe~ wjdm qio d fgow ch { wnie~o~ feao cd qio }og~jqo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncf{`jedqAcn fodq~

Acn fodq~ {wo~odqoa daow e oqqow ch nwoajq qieq ncf{`z }jqi e`` jq~ qowf~ eda ncdajqjcd~$ Qio gedb~ ewo cd`z cg`jmoa qc {ezqio godohjnjewz jh acn fodq~ ewo qcqe``z ncf{`jedq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{c da Jdqowo~qJdqowo~q qieq j~ oewdoa gcqi cd qio jdjqje` {wjdnj{e` eda cd jdqowo~q oewdoa cd qio jdjqje` {wjdnj{e` jd {woxjc ~ {owjca~$ Qio jdqowo~qoewdoa jd cdo {owjca goncfo~ jd ohhonq {ewq ch qio {wjdnj{e` jd e hc``c}jdm {owjca$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{c da Weqo E weqo qieq ie~ gcqi e ~{onjhjn weqo e~ }o`` e~ ed ea xe`cwof weqo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{c da Xe` o Xe` o ch e ~ f ehqow jdxo~qjdm jq cxow fcwo qied cdo {owjca$ E`~c ne`òa h q wo xe` o$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncf{c dajdm[wcno~~ ch wojdxo~qjdm oeni jdqowo~q {ezfodq qc oewd fcwo jdqowo~q$ Ncf{c dajdm j~ ge~oa cd qio jaoe qieq jdqowo~q jq~o`hgoncfo~ {wjdnj{e` eda qiowohcwo e`~c oewd~ jdqowo~q jd ~ g~ou odq {owjca~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncdnodqweqoa qewmoqfewboqjdm

E {wcno~~ qieq cnn w~ }iod e ~jdmò qewmoq fewboq ~omfodq j~ { w~ oa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdhjwfjdm Gedb Gedb qieq eaa~ jq~ {ezfodq daowqebjdm qc e oqqow ch nwoajq$

[emo 7: ch 51:



30/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~jmdoo [ewqz qc }icf mcca~ ewo qc go ao`jxowoa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~jmdfodqAo`jxowz ch fowniedaj~o hwcf ed oy{cwqow )qio ncd~jmdcw* qc ed emodq )qio ncd~jmdoo* daow emwoofodq qieq qio ncd~jmdoo~o``~ qio fowniedaj~o ch qio ennc dq ch qio ncd~jmdcw }ijò qio ncd~jmdcw woqejd~ qjqò qc qio mcca~ dqj` qio ncd~jmdoo ~o``~qiof$ Qio ncd~jmdoo ~o``~ fowniedaj~o hcw ncffj~~jcd~ eda wofjq~ qio doq {wcnooa~ qc qio ncd~jmdcw$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~jmdcwE ncd~jmdcw j~ ed jdajxja e` odqjqz {ewqdow~ij{ cw e ncf{edz qieq ~ij{~ jq~ mcca~ qc edcqiow {ewqz qc go qebod newo ch$ Encd~jmdcw j~ ~ e``z ed oy{cwqow$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~c`jaeqoa Jdncfo Qio ~ f ch jdncfo enwc~~ e`` ch qio f `qjdeqjcde` ncw{cweqjcd~ acfo~qjn eda hcwojmd ~ g~jajewjo~$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~c`jaeqjcd

E hcwf ch ncw{cweqo wocwmedj|eqjcd jd }ijni q}c hjwf~ {cc` qiojw e~~oq~ eda jegj`jqjo~ qc hcwf e do} ncf{edz$ Qio qowf ned

e`~c go ~oa hcw ~ij{{jdm jd }ijni e hwojmiq ncd~c`jaeqcw ncfgjdo~ ~ij{fodq~ ch newmc qieq ewo ò~~ qied qw nb`cea )@Q@* jdcwaow qc woa no ~ij{{jdm weqo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~ èw qeqofodqE acn fodq wou jwoa gz ~cfo hcwojmd nc dqwjo~ ao~nwjgjdm e ~ij{fodq ch mcca~ eda ~ic}jdm jdhcwfeqjcd ~ ni e~ qioncd~jmdcw ncd~jmdoo eda xe` o ch ~ij{fodq$ Nowqjhjoa gz e ncd~ èw chhjnje` ch qio hcwojmd nc dqwz jq j~ ~oa gz qio nc dqwz-~chhjnje`~ qc xowjhz qio xe` o u edqjqz eda deq wo ch qio ~ij{fodq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~ èqo Qio aj{`cfeqjn g jàjdm cneqoa jd e hcwojmd nc dqwz qieq wo{wo~odq~ qio ncffownje` jdqowo~q~ ch qio icfo nc dqwz$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncd~ fow Mcca~ Mcca~ {wca noa hcw jdajxja e`~ weqiow qied hcw fed henq wjdm { w{c~o~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncd~ fow {wjno jdaoy)N[J*

E foe~ wo ch qio emmwomeqo wj~o cw he`` jd {wjno~ ch ncffcd`z ~oa mcca~ eda ~owxjno~ { g`j~ioa gz qio Ncffcd}oe`qiMcxowdfodq e~ e ge~j~ efcdm cqiow qijdm~ hcw aonjajdm }ieq cxowe`` jdnwoe~o~ ~ic à go feao qc }emo~ eda ~eèwjo~$

[emo >; ch 51:



31/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ NcdqedmcQio efc dq qio g zow {ez~ qio ~o`òw qc aoèz qio qwed~enqjcd ch e ~on wjqz o~{onje``z }iod qio h q wo {wjno ch qio ~on wjqz j~egcxo qio oy{onqoa h q wo ~{cq {wjno$ Qio c{{c~jqo j~ ne`òa genb}ewaeqjcd$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

NcdqjdmodnzJd~ wedno

Ncdqjdmodnz jd~ wedno {wcqonq~ qio oy{cwqow jd edz ~jq eqjcd jd }ijni oy{cwqow wo~{cd~jgj`jqz wo`joa cd qio g zow qc jd~ wo g q

~ ~qejdoa e c~~ gone ~o ch jdeaou eqo ncxowemo hwcf qieq ~c wno$ Jq }j`` ncxow ~jq eqjcd~ jd }ijni qio HCG odacw~ofodq}c à iexo cqiow}j~o ~owxoa iea qieq good jd hcwno$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdqjdmodq nèjfNèjf }ic~o xe` o j~ ajwonq`z ao{odaodq cd cw j~ ncdqjdmodq cd qio xe` o ch jq~ daow`zjdm e~~oq~$ Hcw oyef{ò qio aogq edaou jqz ~on wjqjo~ j~~ oa gz e hjwf aowjxo qiojw xe` o hwcf qio qcqe` xe` o ch qio hjwf$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdqjdmodq jegj`jqzE jegj`jqz }ijni }j`` cd`z ewj~o {cd qio ie{{odjdm ch e nowqejd oxodq hcw oyef{ò qio m ewedqcw ch e ced gojdm e~boa qcicdc w qio m ewedqoo jh qio gcwwc}ow aohe `q~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncdqjd c ~Ncf{c dajdm

Jdqowo~q ncf{c daoa ncdqjd c ~`z oxowz jd~qedq weqiow qied eq hjyoa jdqowxe`~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncdqjd c ~ U cqeqjcd^z~qof

E qweajdm ~z~qof jd }ijni g z eda ~o`` cwaow~ ewo feqnioa }jqi fewboq febow~ e~ qio cwaow~ ewwjxo od~ wjdm ju jajqz jdjdajxja e` ~iewo~$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdqwenq E ome``z gjdajdm emwoofodq goq}ood q}c cw fcwo {ewqjo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~NcdqwenqFed henq wjdm

E hjwf e``c}jdm edcqiow hjwf qc fed henq wo e {wo&~{onjhjoa {wca nq$

[emo >5 ch 51:



32/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdqwjg qjcd fewmjd

Ncdqwjg qjcd ned iexo ajhhowodq foedjdm~ jd ajhhowodq ncdqoyq$ ]iod ncdqwjg qjcd j~ e{{`joa qc e {wca nq cw {wca nq jdo jqfoed~ qio ajhhowodno goq}ood qcqe` ~eò~ woxod o eda qcqe` xewjegò nc~q~ cw cd e {ow& djq ge~j~ qio ajhhowodno goq}ood djq~o``jdm eda qio djq xewjegò nc~q eda fez go oy{wo~~oa jd {ownodqemo qowf~ )ncdqwjg qjcd fewmjd* cw ac`èw qowf~ )ncdqwjg qjcd{ow djq*$ Ncdqwjg qjcd j~ e`~c hwou odq`z oy{wo~~oa e~ ncdqwjg qjcd fewmjd hcw e }icò ncf{edz cw enwc~~ e mwc { cw {wca nq`jdo jd }ijni ne~o jq ned go qebod e~ mwc~~ fewmjd o~~ ~eò~ eda fewboqjdm oy{od~o~$ Hcw oyef{ò Fewboqjdm [èd [wc{wca no~ e qegò defoa Ncdqwjg qjcd Fewmjd qieq ~ic}~ ~eò~ nc~q ch ~eò~ mwc~~ fewmjd ~eò~ eda fewboqjdm oy{od~o~eda ncdqwjg qjcd fewmjd$ Qio ncdqwjg qjcd j~ mwc~~ fewmjd o~~ ~eò~ eda fewboqjdm oy{od~o~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncdqwc`ègòoy{od~o~

Qic~o oy{od~o~ qieq ned go ncdqwc`òa cw wo~qwejdoa gz qio g ~jdo~~{ow~cd $

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncdqwc`òa HcwojmdNcw{cweqjcd )NHN*

Jd qio _$^$ qey ncao e hcwojmd ncw{cweqjcd c}doa fcwo qied ?; {ownodq ojqiow jd qowf~ ch fewboq xe` o cw xcqjdm {c}ow$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Ncdxodqjcd cd qioJdqowdeqjcde` Qweao jdOdaedmowoa {onjo~)NJQO^*

NJQO^ )qio Ncdxodqjcd cd Jdqowdeqjcde` Qweao jd Odaedmowoa {onjo~ ch ]jà He de eda H`cwe* j~ ed jdqowdeqjcde` emwoofodq

goq}ood mcxowdfodq~$ Jq~ ejf j~ qc od~ wo qieq jdqowdeqjcde` qweao jd ~{onjfod~ ch }jà edjfe`~ eda {èdq~ aco~ dcq qiwoeqodqiojw ~ wxjxe`$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdxow~jcd weqoQio {ownodqemo ch dju o }og~jqo xj~jqcw~ }ic qebo e ao~jwoa enqjcd {cd xj~jqjdm qio }og~jqo$ Qio ao~jwoa enqjcd fez go~ gfjqqjdm e ~eò~ oea febjdm e { wnie~o xjo}jdm e boz {emo ch qio ~jqo ac}d`ceajdm e hjò cw ~cfo cqiow foe~ wegòenqjcd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdxowqjgò Gcda~Gcda~ ~cà }jqi e ncdxow~jcd hoeq wo qieq e``c}~ qio icàow qc ncdxowq qio gcda jdqc ncffcd ~qcnb cd cw {wjcw qc e ncdxow~jcdaeqo eda eq e {wo~{onjhjoa ncdxow~jcd {wjno$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncdxowqjgò N wwodnzE n wwodnz qieq ned go qweaoa hcw cqiow n wwodnjo~ eq }j``$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncdxoy Qey^nioa ò

E qey ~nioa ò jd }ijni qio ohhonqjxo qey weqo j~ mwoeqow eq ijmi oxo`~ ch qeyegò jdncfo qied eq c} oxo`~ ch qeyegò jdncfo$^ ni e ~nioa ò wo~ `q~ jd {wcmwo~~jxo qeyeqjcd$

[emo >7 ch 51:



33/149


Ncc{oweqjcd Nc dnj`hcw qio Eweg ^qeqo~ chqio M `h )MNN*

Qio Ncc{oweqjcd Nc dnj` hcw qio Eweg qeqo~ ch qio M `h )MNN* }e~ o~qeg`j~ioa cd Fez 7? 5:95$ Jq lcjdoa qio 8 ~qeqo~ ch qio_djqoa Eweg Ofjweqo~ qeqo ch Geiwejd Bjdmacf ch e aj Ewegje `qedeqo ch Cfed qeqo ch Ueqew eda qeqo ch B }ejq$ Qiohwefo}cwb-~ hcn ~ j~ cd eniojxjdm e ~qeqo ch djqz jd e`` hjoà~ efcdm jq~ fofgow ~qeqo~$ Jq e`~c ~qwo~~o~ e h wqiowjdm ch woèqjcd~eda ncc{oweqjcd efcdm fofgow ~qeqo~ eda {wcxjao~ e {èqhcwf qc eaawo~~ ~on wjqz eda oncdcfjn aoxo`c{fodq nied`òdmo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc{odiemod NwjqowjeQio w ò~ eda wom èqjcd~ qieq e`` e{{`jnedq nc dqwjo~ qc qio O wc{oed _djcd f ~q fooq eda qc }ijni e`` O_ fofgow deqjcd~f ~q fejdqejd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc{zwjmiqE qz{o ch {wc{owqz wjmiq }ijni {wcqonq~ qio oy{wo~~jcd ch jaoe~ ~ ni e~ jqowewz cw awefeqjn }cwb~ qoòxj~jcd {wca nqjcd~awe}jdm~ oqn$ hwcf gojdm ~oa hcw ncffownje` mejd }jqic q {owfj~~jcd ch qio nc{zwjmiq c}dow$ Womj~qweqjcd j~ dcq e{wowou j~jqo hcw {wcqonqjcd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncwo fewboqjdm~qweqomz

E ~qeqofodq qieq ncff djneqo~ qio {woacfjdedq woe~cd qc g z qc e ~{onjhjn qewmoq fewboq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncw{cweqo N `q woQio ~oq ch xe` o~ go`joh~ woèqjcd~ij{~ goq}ood jdajxja e`~ eda h dnqjcd~ qieq m jao qio aonj~jcd~ ch e ncf{edz qc enijoxo jq~cglonqjxo~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncw{cweqoMcxowdedno

Qio }ez jd }ijni felcw ~qeboicàow~ oyowq ncdqwc` cxow qio fcaowd ncw{cweqjcd$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ncw{cweqo cnje`Wo~{cd~jgj`jqz )N^W*

Qio wo~{cd~jgj`jqjo~ qieq ncw{cweqjcd~ )jdn` ajdm FDN~* iexo qc }cwbow~ eda qiojw hefj`jo~ qc ncd~ fow~ qc jdxo~qcw~ eda qcqio deq we` odxjwcdfodq$

[emo >> ch 51:



34/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncw{cweqjcd

Ncw{cweqjcd~ ewo ojqiow qio ~qedaewa N ncw{cweqjcd cw qio ~fe`` g ~jdo~~ ncw{cweqjcd$ Qio N ncw{cweqjcd j~ qio nè~~jn omeòdqjqz ch qio xe~q felcwjqz ch ~ nno~~h ` ncf{edjo~ jd qio _djqoa qeqo~$ Fc~q e}zow~ }c à emwoo qieq qio N ncw{cweqjcd j~ qio~qw nq wo qieq {wcxjao~ qio go~q ~ijoàjdm hwcf {ow~cde` jegj`jqz hcw c}dow~ eda {wcxjao~ qio go~q dcd&qey godohjq~ qc c}ow~$Qij~ j~ e ~o{eweqo ome` odqjqz ajhhowodq hwcf jq~ c}dow~ }ijni {ez~ jq~ c}d qeyo~$ Fc~q è}zow~ }c à e`~c {wcgeg`z emwoo qieqhcw e ncf{edz qieq ie~ efgjqjcd~ ch wej~jdm felcw jdxo~qfodq ne{jqe` eda oxodq e``z mcjdm { g`jn qio N ncw{cweqjcd j~ qio~qedaewa hcwf ch ome` odqjqz$ Qio ncw{cweqjcd j~ ~oa hcw hefj`z ncf{edjo~ eda ~fe`òw c}dow~ij{ mwc {~$ Qio nòewo~qaj~qjdnqjcd hwcf N j~ qieq qio ^ ncw{cweqjcd~ {wchjq~ cw `c~~o~ mc ~qwejmiq qiwc mi qc qio ^ ncw{cweqjcd~ c}dow~, }jqic q gojdmqeyoa ~o{eweqo`z hjw~q$ Jd {wenqjne` qowf~ qij~ foed~ qieq qio c}dow~ ch qio ncw{cweqjcd ned qebo qiojw {wchjq~ icfo }jqic q hjw~q{ezjdm qio ncw{cweqjcd~ ~o{eweqo qey cd {wchjq~, ~c qic~o {wchjq~ ewo qeyoa cdno hcw qio ^ c}dow, eda q}jno hcw qio N c}dow$ Jd{wenqjne` qowf~ qio N ncw{cweqjcd aco~dq ~oda jq~ {wchjq~ icfo qc jq~ c}dow~ e~ f ni e~ qio ^ ncw{cweqjcd aco~, gone ~o jq

~ e``z ie~ ajhhowodq mce`~ eda cglonqjxo~$ Jq chqod }edq~ qc mwc} eda mc { g`jn cw jq e`woeaz j~ { g`jn$ Jd fc~q ~qeqo~ ed ncw{cweqjcd j~ c}doa gz e `jfjqoa d fgow )7? j~ e ncffcd feyjf f* ch {wjxeqo c}dow~, eda ncw{cweqjcd~ nedq icà ~qcnb jd ^ncw{cweqjcd~ l ~q jdxjajx e`~$ Ncw{cweqjcd~ ned ~}jqni hwcf N qc ^ eda genb emejd g q dcq chqod$ Qio JW^ ie~ ~qwjnq w ò~ hcw}iod eda ic} qic~o ~}jqnio~ ewo feao$ Zc `` e`fc~q e`}ez~ }edq qc iexo zc w N[E eda jd ~cfo ne~o~ zc w eqqcwdoz m jaozc qiwc mi qio ome` wou jwofodq~ hcw ~}jqnijdm$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ NcwwoèqjcdE foe~ wo ch qio ncxewjegj`jqz ch q}c e~~oq~ qieq j~ ~neòa hcw qio ~qedaewa aoxjeqjcd~ ch qio e~~oq~ )wEG 6 ~EG # ~E~G ~ ni qieq&5 0 wEG 0 "5*$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncwwo~{cdaodq Gedb E gedb qieq jd jq~ c}d nc dqwz iedaò~ qio g ~jdo~~ ch e hcwojmd gedb$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncwwjacw [wjdnj{e`

Qio {wjdnj{e` }iowo ed odqwo{wodo wje` xodq wo fez hjda qieq jq ie~ ~jmdjhjnedq`z niedmoa jq~ hcn ~ hwcf qio jdjqje` ncdno{q ch qioxodq wo e~ jq ie~ ncdqjd e``z wo~{cdaoa eda eae{qoa qc jq~ fewboq eda qio ao~jwo qc c{qjfj|o {wchjqegj`jqz {cqodqje`$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc&~jmdow~ [oc{ò }icf qcmoqiow ~iewo wo~{cd~jgj`jqz cd goie`h ch e g ~jdo~~ gz lcjdq`z ~jmdjdm acn fodq~ cw niou o~$

[emo >1 ch 51:


35/149



36/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc {cd }e{ E hjyoa&hcw&h`ceqjdm jdqowo~q weqo ~}e{$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nc wqemo E O wc{oed qowf hcw gwcbowemo hoo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncxewjedno E foe~ wo ch qio ncxewjegj`jqz ch q}c e~~oq~ )~EG 6 ~E~G wEG*$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncxow Dcqo Jd~ wedno acn fodq oxjaodnjdm qieq jd~ wedno ncxow hcw e ncd~jmdfodq ie~ good qebod c q g q dcq mjxjdm h `` aoqej`~$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ncxow dcqo

E qof{cwewz nowqjhjneqo ch jd~ wedno j~~ oa gz ed jd~ wedno ncf{edz qc mjxo jffoajeqo jd~ wedno ncxow dqj` e hcwfeàcn fodq j~ {wo{ewoa eda j~~ oa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwoajq Ed odqwz feao cd qio wjmiq ieda ~jao ch ed ennc dq eda jdajneqjdm e mejd qc e `jegj`jqz, c}dow~ ou jqz cw woxod o ennc dq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwoajq e{{`jneqjcdE hcwf qc go ncf{òqoa gz ed e{{`jnedq hcw e nwoajq ennc dq mjxjdm ~ hhjnjodq aoqej`~ qc e``c} qio ~o`òw qc o~qeg`j~i qioe{{`jnedq~ nwoajq}cwqijdo~~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwoajq ncdqwc` Edz {c`jnz ao~jmdoa qc jdnwoe~o cw aonwoe~o nwoajq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwoajq jfjq Qio {{ow jfjq ch nwoajq qieq e g ~jdo~~ }j`` e``c} e n ~qcfow qc iexo$

[emo >8 ch 51:



37/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwoajq Wj~b Jd~ wednoJd~ wedno qieq ncxow~ qio wj~b ch dcd{ezfodq hcw ao`jxowoa mcca~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwoajqcw E {ow~cd cw g ~jdo~~ qc }icf fcdoz j~ c}oa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Nwoo{jdmDeqjcde`j|eqjcd

Qio ~ nno~~jcd ch ~fe`` g q jf{cwqedq niedmo~ jd e hjwf-~ ncdajqjcd cw ~qedajdm qieq gwjdm jq ~`c}`z daow deqjcde` ncdqwc`$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Nwc~~ oè~qjnjqz chaofeda

Qio niedmo jd qio u edqjqz aofedaoa ch cdo {wca nq cw ~owxjno jf{enqjdm qio niedmo jd aofeda hcw edcqiow {wca nq cw~owxjno$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwc~~oa niou o

E niou o enwc~~ }ijni q}c {ewe`ò` jdo~ iexo good awe}d$ Qio ohhonq ch nwc~~jdm e niou o j~ qc ajwonq zc w gedb qc {ez qioniou o cd`z qiwc mi edcqiow gedb ennc dq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Nwc~~&ioamo E h q wo~ ioamo ~jdm e n wwodnz qieq j~ ajhhowodq hwcf g q n`c~o`z woèqoa qc qio n wwodnz ch qio daow`zjdm oy{c~ wo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N `q woNc`ònqjxo fodqe` {eweajmf~ qieq e ~cnjoqz jf{ewq~ qc jdajxja e`~ jd qio hcwf ch goiexjcw {eqqowd~ ~iewoa xe` o~ dcwf~ edajd~qjq qjcd~$


N f èqjxoQwed~èqjcdEal ~qfodq )NQE*

Ed ou jqz ennc dq daow HE^ .?7 qieq enn f èqo~ mejd~ cw c~~o~ ne ~oa gz qwed~èqjcd ennc dqjdm eal ~qfodq~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~N wwodnz Nc {cd^}e{

E hjyoa&hcw&h`ceqjdm weqo dcdefcwqj|jdm n wwodnz ~}e{ qweaoa {wjfewj`z qiwc mi jdqowdeqjcde` ncffownje` gedb~$

[emo >= ch 51:



38/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~N wwodnz Nwc~~&ioamo

E ioamo ch n wwodnz wj~b ~jdm e n wwodnz qieq j~ ncwwoèqoa }jqi qio n wwodnz jd }ijni qio daow`zjdm oy{c~ wo j~ aodcfjdeqoa$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~N wwodnz chWohowodno

Qio n wwodnz qieq j~ gojdm gc miq cw ~cà$ Jq j~ fc~q ncdxodjodq qc {èno qio n wwodnz ch wohowodno jd qio aodcfjdeqcw ch ehcwojmd oyniedmo u cqo$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodnz C{qjcdE ncdqwenq mjxjdm qio c{qjcd icàow qio wjmiq qc g z cw ~o`` ed daow`zjdm n wwodnz eq e ~{onjhjoa {wjno eda cd e ~{onjhjoa aeqo$Qio c{qjcd }wjqow )~o`òw* icà~ qio cg`jmeqjcd qc h `hj`` qio cqiow ~jao ch qio ncdqwenq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodnz Wj~b Qio wj~b ch doy{onqoa niedmo~ jd hcwojmd n wwodnz oyniedmo weqo~$ E`~c bdc}d e~ hcwojmd oyniedmo wj~b$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodnz ^}e{

E ncdqwenq e` emwoofodq qc oyniedmo e {wjdnj{e` efc dq ch q}c ajhhowodq n wwodnjo~ eda ehqow e {woewwedmoa odmqi ch qjfo qcmjxo genb qio cwjmjde` {wjdnj{e`$ Jdqowo~q {ezfodq~ jd oeni n wwodnz ewo e`~c qz{jne``z ~}e{{oa a wjdm qio jho ch qio emwoofodq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodq Ennc dq E foe~ wo ch e nc dqwz~ jdqowdeqjcde` qweao jd mcca~ eda ~owxjno~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~N wwodq Ennc dqGeèdno

E gwcea foe~ wo ch jf{cwq&oy{cwq enqjxjqz qieq jdn` ao~ ~owxjno~ qwexo` eda qc wj~f qwed~{cwqeqjcd jdxo~qfodq jdncfo edajdqowo~q mjhq~ eda mwedq~ e`cdm }jqi qio qweao geèdno cd mcca~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodq e~~oq~Jdn` ao~ ne~i, ~icwq&qowf ao{c~jq~, n ~qcfow~ ennc dq~, ~qcnb )jdn` ao~ }cwb jd {wcmwo~~, we} feqowje`~ eda hjdj~ioa mcca~*,qieq }j`` go ncdxowqoa jdqc ne~i a wjdm qio dcwfe` nc w~o ch g ~jdo~~ }jqijd e zoew$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodq aogq îcwq&qowf aogq ~icwq&qowf jegj`jqjo~$

[emo >9 ch 51:



39/149

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodq jegj`jqjo~îcwq&qowf aogq~ ~ ni e~ gedb cxowawehq nwoajqcw~ eda {wcxj~jcd~ ~oq e~jao qc {ez qeyeqjcd eda cqiow ncffjqfodq~ )hcwoyef{ò ic`jaez cw cdm ~owxjno oexo* eda oy{onqoa qc ncfo a o }jqijd cdo zoew ch qio Geèdno iooq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N wwodq Weqo FoqicaE qwed~èqjcd ennc dqjdm foqica ~ ni e~ HE^ .?7 jd qio _djqoa qeqo~ qieq qwed~èqo~ fcdoqewz eda woe` e~~oq~ edafcdoqewz jegj`jqjo~ eq n wwodq oyniedmo weqo~$ HÊ .?7 {èno~ edz jfgeèdno jdqc ed ou jqz ennc dq ne`òa qio n f èqjxoqwed~èqjcd eal ~qfodq$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N ~qcfic ~o GwcbowE {ow~cd cw hjwf cgqejd~ qio jnod~o hwcf qio qwoe~ wz ao{ewqfodq ch jq~ Nc dqwz }iod wou jwoa eda io`{ n`jodq~ )jf{cwqow~* qcodqow eda aonèwo mcca~ qiwc mi n ~qcf~$

N Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N ~qcf~ Qio e qicwjqjo~ ao~jmdeqoa qc nc`ònq a qjo~ oxjoa gz e nc dqwz cd jf{cwq~ eda oy{cwq~$

NModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ N ~qcf~ _djcd

E hcwf ch womjcde` oncdcfjn jdqomweqjcd mwc { qieq o`jfjdeqo~ qewjhh~ efcdm fofgow deqjcd~ eda o~qeg`j~io~ ncffcd oyqowde`qewjhh~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aoe`jdm Ao~b Qio ao~b eq ed jdqowdeqjcde` gedb qieq qweao~ ~{cq eda hcw}ewa hcwojmd oyniedmo$ E`~c bdc}d e~ qweajdm ao~b$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogodq woE hjyoa jdqowo~q jdxo~qfodq jd e ncf{edz }ijni ie~ {wjcwjqz hcw jdqowo~q {ezfodq~ modowe``z woaoofegò ehqow qio e{~o ch e~{onjhjoa qjfo

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ AogjqQc aogjq j~ qc {èno ed odqwz cd qio ohq&ieda ~jao ch ed ennc dq$ E aogjq jd e jegj`jqz ennc dq febo~ jq ~fe`òw$ E aogjq jd ede~~oq ennc dq febo~ jq ewmow$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ AogqQieq }ijni j~ c}oa$ Jh zc gcwwc} fcdoz g z ~cfoqijdm cd nwoajq cw wonojxo fcwo fcdoz cd ed ennc dq qied j~ c}oa zciexo e 'aogq$

[emo >: ch 51:



40/149

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogq eda ou jqz Qio ~ f ch jegj`jqjo~ eda ne{jqe`$ Qij~ ~ic `a e`}ez~ go ou e` qc qcqe` e~~oq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogq Ne{enjqz Qio efc dq ch aogq qieq e hjwf nicc~o~ qc gcwwc} qc ~ {{cwq e {wclonq$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogq ne{jqe` Fcdoz hwcf oyqowde` ~c wno~ ~oa qc hjdedno e g ~jdo~~$ ^oo e`~c ou jqz ne{jqe`$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogq&hcw&ou jqz }e{E ~}e{ emwoofodq qc oyniedmo ou jqz )aogq* woq wd~ hcw aogq )ou jqz* woq wd~ cxow e {woewwedmoa odmqi ch qjfo$

AModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogqcw

E {ow~cd cw g ~jdo~~ }ic c}o~ fcdoz

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aogqcw Deqjcd E deqjcd qieq j~ c}oa o~~ jd hcwojmd n wwodnz qied jq c}o~ cqiow deqjcd~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aonj~jcd Qwoo~ E mwe{ijne` ede`z~j~ ch ~ou odqje` aonj~jcd~ eda qio `jbo`z c qncfo~ ch qic~o aonj~jcd~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aohe `q Qc hej` qc fooq ed cg`jmeqjcd }iod a o ~ ni e~ {ezjdm e aogq$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aohowwoa [ezfodqNwoajq

E qz{o ch oqqow ch nwoajq }ijni {wcxjao~ hcw {ezfodq ~cfo qjfo ehqow {wo~odqeqjcd ch qio ~ij{{jdm acn fodq~ gz qio oy{cwqow$

[emo 1; ch 51:



41/149

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ao` Nwoaowo Wj~b^jq eqjcd nwoeqoa }iod e ~eò~ emodq ~o``~ cd nwoajq eda qiowo j~ e niedno qieq qio g zow ojqiow aco~ dcq }edq qc cw aco~ dcqiexo qio fcdoz qc {ez$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ao`jxowegòJd~qw fodq

Qio e~~oq daow`zjdm e aowjxeqjxo ~on wjqz$ Hcw e n wwodnz c{qjcd qio ao`jxowegò jd~qw fodq j~ aoqowfjdoa gz qio c{qjcd~oyniedmo eda j~ ojqiow ~{cq n wwodnz cw ed ou jxeòdq xe` o jd h q wo~ ncdqwenq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ao`qe&ioamoE h q wo~ ioamo ~jdm e n wwodnz qieq feqnio~ qio daow`zjdm oy{c~ wo eda e feq wjqz aeqo qieq j~ ajhhowodq hwcf g q{wohoweg`z n`c~o qc qio feq wjqz ch qio daow`zjdm oy{c~ wo$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ AofedaEd cwaow qc ncf{`z }jqi ed cg`jmeqjcd$ Jd g ~jdo~~ {ezjdm cd 'aofeda' foed~ qieq qio cg`jmeqjcd f ~q go ~eqj~hjoajffoajeqo`z }iod wou o~qoa$

AModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

AofedaFedemofodq

E g ~jdo~~ {wcno~~ }jqi qio jdqodqjcd qc nccwajdeqo eda jdh` odno e`` ~c wno~ ch aofeda hcw e h jwf~ {wca nq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Ao{ewqfodq hcwJdqowdeqjcdeÀoxo`c{fodq )AHJA*

Ao{ewqfodq hcw Jdqowdeqjcde` Aoxo`c{fodq )_B*

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ao{ewqfodq chNcffowno )ACN*

Ao{ewqfodq ch Ncffowno )_Ê*

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ao{c~jqcwz Wonoj{qE aowjxeqjxo ~on wjqz j~~ oa gz e hcwojmd gcwwc}ow qiwc mi e acfo~qjn qw ~qoo wo{wo~odqjdm c}dow~ij{ jd qio ao{c~jq ch hcwojmd~iewo~ ioà gz qio qw ~qoo$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ao{wonjeqjcd5* Qio oy{od~o emejd~q oewdjdm~ qc }wjqo&chh { wnie~o {wjno ch ed e~~oq cxow jq~ ~oh ` jho$ 7* E aonwoe~o jd e n wwodnz xe` owoèqjxo qc edcqiow n wwodnz jd e h`ceqjdm oyniedmo weqo ~z~qof$

[emo 15 ch 51:



42/149

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ao{wonjeqjcd oy{od~oMwea e` woa nqjcd ch qio xe` o ch e hjyoa e~~oq eda mwea e` e{{`jneqjcd ch qij~ nc~q qc qio oy{od~o~ ch e g ~jdo~~ cxow qio

~oh ` jho ch qio e~~oq$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ao{wonjeqjcd~nioa ò

E qegò ~ic}jdm ao{wonjegò e~~oq~ qio zoew oeni }e~ { wnie~oa jq~ nc~q qio {ownodqemo gz }ijni jq j~ ao{wonjeqoa oenizoew eda }wjqqod ac}d n wwodq xe` o$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aowjxeqjxo on wjqzE hjdednje` ~on wjqz }ic~o {wjno j~ aowjxoa hwcf qio {wjno ch edcqiow e~~oq$ Qio xe` o ch e aowjxeqjxo j~ aoqowfjdoa gz qioh` nq eqjcd~ jd qio e~~oq$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aoxe` eqjcdE aonwoe~o jd e n wwodnz xe` o woèqjxo qc edcqiow n wwodnz jd e hjyoa oyniedmo weqo ~z~qof$ Qio { w{c~o ch aoxe` eqjcdqz{jne``z j~ qc jdnwoe~o oy{cwq eda aonwoe~o jf{cwq jd cwaow qc ncwwonq e geèdno ch {ezfodq aohjnjq$

AModowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aoxo`c{oa Nc dqwjo~ Qio wjniow fcwo jda ~qwje`j|oa nc dqwjo~ jd qio }cwà$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aoxo`c{jdm Nc dqwzE nc dqwz qieq j~ jd qio {wcno~~ ch goncfjdm jda ~qwje`j|oa$ Exowemo deqjcde` jdncfo f ~q go go`c} !: 78? hcw e nc dqwz qc gonè~~jhjoa e~ e aoxo`c{jdm nc dqwz$ E aoxo`c{jdm nc dqwz qz{jne``z enb~ jda ~qwje`j|eqjcd jdhwe~qw nq wo ijmi jqowenz weqo edaeaxednoa jxjdm ~qedaewa~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajhhowodno Nionb Qio ajhhowodno jd jdqowo~q {ezfodq~ qieq j~ oyniedmoa goq}ood q}c ~}e{ nc dqow{ewqjo~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ajhhowodqjeqoa qewmoqfewboqjdm

E {wcno~~ qieq cnn w~ }iod ed cwmedj|eqjcd ~jf `qedoc ~`z { w~ o~ ~oxowe` ajhhowodq fewboq ~omfodq~ ~ e``z }jqi e ajhhowodq~qweqomz hcw oeni$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ AjhhowodqjeqjcdEd e{{wceni qc nwoeqo e ncf{oqjqjxo eaxedqemo ge~oa cd cgqejdjdm e ~jmdjhjnedq xe` o ajhhowodno qieq n ~qcfow~ }j`` e{{wonjeqoeda go }j``jdm qc {ez hcw eda }ijni jaoe``z }j`` jdnwoe~o qiojw cze`qz e~ e wo~ `q$

[emo 17 ch 51:



43/149

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajmjqe` Ajxjao Qio ajmjqe` ajxjao wohow~ qc qio }jaodjdm qonidc`cmjne` me{ goq}ood qio wjniow eda qio {ccwow nc dqwjo~ ch qio }cwà$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajwonq nc~q ch ~eò~E ~icwqn q hcw nc~q ch mcca~ ~cà< qweajqjcde``z qio nc~q~ ch feqowje`~ eda {wca nqjcd ch qio mcca~ e g ~jdo~~ ~o``~ cw qio nc~q~ch h `hj``jdm e ~owxjno hcw e ~owxjno g ~jdo~~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajwonq nc~q~qio nc~q~ jdn wwoa jd eaajqjcd qc hjyoa nc~q~ e~ e wo~ `q ch fed henq wjdm e {wca nq cw {wcxjajdm e ~owxjno$ Ajwonq nc~q~ ewofeao { ch ajwonq feqowje` ajwonq egc w eda ajwonq fed henq wjdm cw ~owxjnjdm nc~q~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ajwonq Nc~q~ chHjdednje` Aj~qwo~~

Nc~q~ ch hjdednje` aj~qwo~~ qieq ewo ajwonq`z jdn wwoa a wjdm gedbw {qnz cw ju jaeqjcd {wcnooajdm~$

AModowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ajwonq Oy{cwqjdm Fewboqow qebo~ ajwonq wo~{cd~jgj`jqz hcw jq~ {wca nq~ egwcea gz ~o``jdm qiof ajwonq`z qc hcwojmd n ~qcfow~ cw qiwc mi cne`

wo{wo~odqeqjxo~ jd hcwojmd fewboq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ajwonq Hjdednjdm@oe~o

E dcd&òxowemoa oe~o gz e o~~cw jd }ijni qio oe~o fooq~ edz ch qio aohjdjqjcde` nwjqowje ch e ne{jqe` oe~o {` ~ nowqejdeaajqjcde` nwjqowje$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajwonq fej` fewboqjdmE hcwf ch ajwonq fewboqjdm qieq jdxc`xo~ ~odajdm jdhcwfeqjcd qiwc mi e fej` {wcno~~ {iz~jne` cw oònqwcdjn qc {cqodqje`n ~qcfow~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajwonq fewboqjdmEdz foqica ch aj~qwjg qjcd qieq mjxo~ qio n ~qcfow enno~~ qc ed cwmedj|eqjcd~ {wca nq~ eda ~owxjno~ }jqic q jdqowfoajewjo~2e`~c edz ncff djneqjcd hwcf qio {wca now qieq ncff djneqo~ }jqi e qewmoq fewboq qc modoweqo e woxod o {wca njdmwo~{cd~o$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ajwonq [wca nq[wchjqegj`jqz

Foe~ wjdm qio ajwonq nc~q~ e~~cnjeqoa }jqi ieda`jdm e {wca nq hwcf qio }ewoic ~o dqj` e n ~qcfow g z~ hwcf qio woqej` ~qcwo$

[emo 1> ch 51:


M d ` Qi { j h dj h h j d d jd f j d f i !$8?19#AF h $^$ j d ) d }j i jd j


44/149

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajwonq Qowf~Qio {wjno ch e djq ch hcwojmd n wwodnz jd acfo~qjn n wwodnz qowf~ ~ ni e~ !$8?19#AF hcw e _$^$ wo~jaodq )ncdqwe~q }jqi jdajwonqu cqo*$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajwonqcw~ m ewedqooe {ow~cde` m ewedqoo mjxod gz e ajwonqcw ch e ncf{edz qieq ~#io }j`` go {ow~cde``z wo~{cd~jgò hcw e aogq cw cqiow jegj`jqz ch qioncf{edz$ _~ e``z wou o~qoa jd nwoajq e{{`jneqjcd~ oe~o~ ced~ eda ijwo { wnie~o emwoofodq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ AjwonqcwzE ncf{ qow qowf woèqoa qc qio c{oweqjdm ~z~qof cd JGF eda ncf{eqjgò ncf{ qow~$ Aj~b ~qcwemo ~{eno j~ ajxjaoa jdqcajwonqcwjo~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~g w~ofodq~ H da~ {eja c q ch e g ~jdo~~ jd ~oqqòfodq ch cg`jmeqjcd~$

AModowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aj~nc dq Jh e gcda j~ ~o``jdm go`c} jq~ heno xe` o jq j~ ~eja qc ~o`` eq e aj~nc dq$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aj~nc dqoa Ne~iH`c}

E xe` eqjcd foqicac`cmz qieq aj~nc dq~ oy{onqoa h q wo ne~i h`c}~ eq e aj~nc dq weqo e{{wc{wjeqo hcw qio wj~b n wwodnz edafeq wjqz ch qio ne~i h`c}~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~nc dqoa [ezgenbQio odmqi ch qjfo dooaoa qc wonc { qio {wo~odq xe` o ch ed jdxo~qfodq2 ~cfoqjfo~ ~oa }iod jdxo~qjdm jd cneqjcd~ }jqi ijminc dqwz wj~b$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aj~nc dqoa [ezgenb[owjca W ò

Ed jdxo~qfodq aonj~jcd w ò jd }ijni qio ne~i h`c}~ ewo aj~nc dqoa eq ed jdqowo~q weqo eda qio {ezgenb w ò j~ e{{`joa cd qio~oaj~nc dqoa ne~i h`c}~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~nc dqjdm Ne`n èqjdm qio {wo~odq xe` o ch e h q wo efc dq$ Qio {wcno~~ j~ qio c{{c~jqo ch ncf{c dajdm$

[emo 11 ch 51:


Modowe` Aj nwoqjcdewz


45/149

A ModoweG ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aj~nwoqjcdewzWo~owxo~

Geèdno ~iooq ennc dq~ qieq ewo ~oa jd ~cfo nc dqwjo~ qc qof{cwewj`z ~qcwo oewdjdm~ hwcf qio n wwodq zoew cw qio wonodq {e~q$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~nwjfjdeqcwz [wjnjdmQio {wenqjno qieq ~o``jdm e {wca nq cw ~owxjno eq ajhhowodq {wjno~ qieq ac dcq wohònq e {wc{cwqjcde` ajhhowodno jd nc~q~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~icdc woa Qio }cwa ~oa qc ao~nwjgo e niou o, }ijni qio gedb }j`` dcq {ez, gone ~o qio n ~qcfow~ ennc dq ènb~ ~ hhjnjodq h da~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~{eqniEd efc dq {eja gz e xo~~o`-~ c{oweqcw qc e niewqow jh `ceajdm cw d`ceajdm j~ ncf{òqoa jd o~~ qjfo qied ~qj{ èqoa jd qioniewqow {ewqz$

A

Modowe`

G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Aj~{ qo oqqòfodq

Gcaz )A^G*Aj~{ qo oqqòfodq Gcaz j~ e {ewq ch qio ]cwà Qweao Cwmedj|eqjcd )]QC* qieq ~oqqò~ qweao aj~{ qo~ goq}ood mcxowdfodq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aj~{ qo oqqòfodq_daow~qedajdm )A^_*

Qio Aj~{ qo oqqòfodq _daow~qedajdm )A^_* ch qio ]cwà Qweao Cwmedj|eqjcd )]QC* }e~ cdo ch qio boz c qncfo~ ch qio_w m ez Wc da ch f `qjèqowe` qweao domcqjeqjcd~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Aj~qjdnqjxoncf{oqodnz

Ed cwmedj|eqjcd~ ~qwodmqi~ cw u e`jqjo~ jdn` ajdm ~bj``~, qonidc`cmjo~, cw wo~c wno~ qieq aj~qjdm j~i jq hwcf ncf{oqjqcw~ qc{wcxjao ~ {owjcw eda dju o n ~qcfow xe` o eda ic{oh ``z j~ ajhhjn `q qc jfjqeqo$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Aj~qwjg qcw E hcwojmd emodq }ic ~o``~ hcw e ~ {{`jow ajwonq`z eda fejdqejd~ ed jdxodqcwz ch qio ~ {{`jow~ {wca nq$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajxow~jhjegò Wj~b E wj~b qieq ~{onjhjne``z ehhonq~ e ~jdmò e~~oq cw e ~fe`` mwc { ch e~~oq~$ E`~c ne`òa dju o cw d~z~qofeqjn wj~b$

[emo 1? ch 51:



46/149

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajxow~jhjneqjcdE {wca nq&fewboq ~qweqomz qieq jdxc`xo~ qio aoxo`c{fodq cw enu j~jqjcd ch chhowjdm~ do} qc qio cwmedj|eqjcd eda#cw qiojdqwca nqjcd ch qic~o chhowjdm~ qc qio qewmoq fewboq~ dcq {woxjc ~`z ~owxoa gz qio cwmedj|eqjcd$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Ajxow~jcdewzA f{jdm

Qio ~eò ch hcwojmd {wca nq~ eq o~~ qied hejw xe` o qc e >wa nc dqwz }iowo qio {wca nq~ ewo h wqiow {wcno~~oa eda ~cà qcedcqiow nc dqwz$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Ajxjaoda~ Fcdoz aj~qwjg qoa qc qio c}dow~ ch e g ~jdo~~ e~ {wchjq~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Acnb Wonoj{q E wonoj{q j~~ oa gz ed cnoed newwjow qc enbdc}òamo wonoj{q ch e ~ij{fodq eq qio newwjow-~ acnb cw }ewoic ~o$

AModowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Acnb qeqofodq E wonoj{q j~~ oa gz ed cnoed newwjow qc enbdc}òamo qio wonoj{q ch e ~ij{fodq eq qio newwjow-~ acnb cw }ewoic ~o henj`jqjo~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~Acjdm G ~jdo~~ E~)AGE*

AGE ~qeda~ hcw Acjdm G ~jdo~~ E~, }ijni j~ e ncf{edz defo, e`~c ncffcd`z ne`òa e Hjnqjqjc ~ g ~jdo~~ defo$ ] iod e~cò {wc{wjoqcw c{oweqo~ e ncf{edz ~jdm edz defo oyno{q ij~ cw iow c}d mjxod defo qiod qio AGE cw h jnqjnjc ~ g ~jdo~~defo womj~qweqjcd o~qeg`j~io~ qio ome` c}dow~ij{ qc ~eqj~hz gedb~ `cne` e qicwjqjo~ eda n ~qcfow~$ c }iod zc ~qewq qioEnfo Wo~qe wedq dò~~ zc ewo defoa Enfo zc dooa zc w AGE qc c{od e gedb ennc dq jd qieq defo {ez of{`czoo~ edaac g ~jdo~~$ Zc ned ~ e``z cgqejd qij~ womj~qweqjcd qiwc mi qio nc dqz mcxowdfodq eda qio nc~q j~ dc fcwo qied e ~fe``womj~qweqjcd hoo {` ~ e wou jwoa do}~{e{ow ea hcw e qcqe` ch o~~ qied !5;; jd fc~q ~qeqo~$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~ Acfo~qjn Gcda~ Gcda~ j~~ oa eda qweaoa }jqijd qio jdqowde` fewboq ch e ~jdmò nc dqwz eda aodcfjdeqoa jd qio n wwodnz ch qieq nc dqwz$

A Modowe`G ~jdo~~ Qowf~

Acfo~qjnJdqowdeqjcde` eò~Ncw{cweqjcd

Jd qio _$^$ qey ncao e ~{onje`j|oa ~eò~ ncw{cweqjcd }ic~o jdncfo j~ f{oa jdqc qio ~efo jdncfo g

Encyclopedia General Business Terms

Documents

Transcript of Encyclopedia General Business Terms