Enclosure Design

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Enclosure DesignWild Asia

ZooEducation

Taronga Zoo Education Centre 2011These sheets may be reproduced for teaching purposes.Permission to reproduce them for other purposes maybe obtained from the Taronga Zoo Education Centre 1

Enclosure Design

Stage 3 & 4

Themes - Investigating animal enclosures at the zoo in relation to design, social andethical changes, materials, technologies and workplace practice.

Syllabus Links - Inlcudes elements of all core content areas, holistic approach,design processes and activity of designers.

Focus areas of design Architechtiral, environmental, engineering and landscape.

Wild Asia map reference - N12

Enclosure Design is delivered at the Wild Asia classroom under the gaze of ouramazing elephants. Your Zoo educator will meet you and your students on theplatform between the Elephants and the classroom

During your 45 minute workshop students will be taken through the Wild Asia precinctto experience the enclosures first hand. Enclosures in Wild Asia are immersive andprovide a selection of the themes in this topic.

This workshop will allow your students to: experience a wide range of enclosures,compare new and old technologies in the design, discuss with the educator aspectsof keeper, pulic and animal requirements whilst in the enclosures.

Bookings for the workshop are essential

To make a booking:Phone: 02 9978 4578 and 02 9978 4624Fax: 02 9978 4508Email:[email protected]: www.taronga.org.au


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Enclosure Design ZooEducation

Taronga Zoo Education Centre 2011These sheets may be reproduced for teaching purposes.Permission to reproduce them for other purposes may beobtained from the Taronga Zoo Education Centre

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Workshop Objectives andNSW Curriculum Links

The workshop and related teacher resource support the Stage 4 Preliminary Designand Technology syllabus.

This workshop enables students to gain first-hand experience of the animalenclosures, to investigate the Zoo as a case study of design through the decadesand to collect relevant information specifically relating to their own built environment

projects.

Outcomes - Stage 4

Design and Technology

4.2.1 A student describes the impact of past, current and emergingtechnologies on individual, society and environments

4.3.1 A student describes the work and responsibilities of designers and thefactors affecting their work

4.3.2 A student describes designed solutions that consider preferred futures,

the principles of appropriate technology and ethical and responsibledesign

Introduction

Enclosure Design encompasses the material and technological aspect of enclosures,the social and ethical changes that have influenced zoos over time, including animaland workplace safety considerations.

Your class will be able to collect information and ideas for their own projects, be ableto discuss with staff the intricacies of enclosure usage and maintenance.

This workshop is a great opportunity to set group tasks and allow group analysis ofenclosures and therefore peer to peer communication about enclosure design.


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Prior KnowledgePrior to your Zoo visit, students must show knowledge and understanding of:

- the term behavioural enrichment;- the history and changing aims and goals of Zoos; and- the requirements that must be considered when designing an enclosure.

Pre-visit Activities

The following activities are designed to be completed before the students visit

Taronga Zoo on their excursion. The activities can be completed in isolation,however, the following sequence is recommended to ensure your students gain themost from the unit and the Zoo excursion.

1. Ask students to brainstorm the factors which need considering whendesigning a new animal exhibit.

2. Ask students to investigate as many different types of enclosures using theinternet and websites such as www.zoolex.org . Brainstorm why particularenclosures are better suited to different species of animals.

3. Pretend money is not a problem. Ask students to research the natural history

of a particular species of animal (habitat, diet, and reproduction) and thenchoose from the list:

Design a 3 dimensional enclosure for the animal

Design a series of enclosures to show a range of habitats the animalmay need for survival

Design a multi species exhibit

Design a new Zoo

Produce a sign for the enclosure with animal information includingstatus in the wild, where it is found and other interesting facts

Teacher Notes


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Animals have been kept by people for work, warfare, food andentertainment dating back to Ancient Egypt. Emperors and kingsmaintained collections of wild animals in their palaces as a statussymbol and for their amusement.

The Taronga Zoo that existed over 90 years ago is very differentfrom the Zoo you see today. Most early Zoos had little or noconcern for the welfare or emotional needs of captive animals. Themain aim of early Zoos was to display as many animals aspossible, in the smallest amount of space, in order to attract thegreatest number of visitors. There was little understanding ofanimal behaviour or habitat and animals were kept in small, dirty,heavily barred cages often with hard cement floors. Due to beingconfined in small, unsuitable exhibits, animals often showedabnormal behaviour. Early Zoos had very little signage and therewas no visitor education.

Zoos have come along way since the Ancient Egyptians! In mostcountries, modern Zoos adhere to strict legalisation. ManyGovernments have introduced the requirement that zoologicalcollections have to show a strong commitment to conservation andeducation and uphold high standards in animal welfare and public

safety.Today, zoos limit the size of their collection and exhibits have an overall theme e.g.Wild Asia, Backyard to Bush, Rainforest Aviary and the African Waterhole. More thanone species may be exhibited together eg. giraffe and zebra.

A great deal of research, discussion and planning goes into developing new zooexhibits. Designers need to understand the habitat and behaviour of the animalconcerned before they start planning or building the exhibit. As much as naturalisticexhibits are encouraged, it is impossible to completely recreate in a zoo a naturalhabitat for an animal. There are many comprises that need to be consideredincluding factors relating to public viewing, maintenance and funding.

Today, any completed Zoo exhibit should provide the visiting public a betterunderstanding of the relationship between animals, the environment and themselves.Legalisation requires signage that provides the public with information andparticularly about the effect of people on the worlds wildlife and the role zoos play inconservation and research.


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Factors to Consider when Designing a new Animal ExhibitThere are three important users to think about when designing animal enclosures:

1. Animals

How big are they?

Are they group-living or solitary?

Are they sedentary animals or very active?

What wild habitat do they come from? Think about temperature and humidity

Do they require water to swim in or bath in? For example, Tapir prefer to urinate in

water when swimmingDo they climb, or hide underground? How would they shelter from the elements in thewild? Do they need a flat area or 3D structures? If they climb, is mesh or bars betterfor them as a barrier, rather than glass, a moat, or another structure?

How far do they like to be able to see? For example, cheetahs are long sighted andlike high points with long views, whilst some other animals are very short sighted, soa long view is not important to them.

Will the animals be seen from outside the Zoo? What impact will this have? Forexample form the car park and entry areas.

Is the enclosure interesting do the animals need toys (or behavioural enrichment) to

play with?

Are they nocturnal, crepuscular, or diurnal?

Can you mix them with other animals?

Will the animals need privacy, perhaps separate dens off public show or separatenight accommodation?

How will the animal be protected from public interference?

How big an area does the animal need? Are there Government regulations on howlarge an exhibit must be to accommodate particular species of animal?


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2. ZookeepersHow will the zookeepers feed the animals the correct food and provide them withfresh water without the animals escaping, usually without going into the enclosurewith the animals?

Is contact safe or desirable? Some animals are dangerous and zookeepers never goin with them whilst others allow varying degrees of interaction with zoo keeping staff.

How will the enclosure be cleaned? Enclosures must be easy to keep clean tominimise chances of disease.

Can animals be placed safely in holding yards without contact? Animals may need tobe isolated for moving to other collections or for veterinary purposes, sometimes froma distance with an anaesthetic dart or sometimes whilst still unsedated. An exampleof this is the tunnels of the monkey enclosures. A section of the tunnel can bestopped by dropping doors at either end so that a monkey can be isolated andmoved without ever being manhandled or sedated.

Does the enclosure allow for easy viewing of animal for health checks?

Will the enclosure allow for breeding programmes or is breeding not to occur?

Does the enclosure fit into the objectives and mission of the Zoo in relation toconservation and education?

3. Public

How will the animals be most visible to the public?

Does the enclosure cater for all visitors? For example very young children orwheelchair access.

How will the public circulate? Will exhibits aid in the flow and direction of the publicespecially if they are in large numbers?

How will the exhibit cater for visitors who may have a fear or phobia of particularanimals? For example, some people have a fear of birds. What measures need to beconsidered when designing a walk through bird aviary ?

How will the enclosure retain a naturalistic look? The public often likes to see

naturalistic enclosures. However, these may be totally impractical. For example,herbivores will quickly destroy most living plants in their enclosures, so that theirpaddocks often look very bare. Naturalistic enclosures, however, are often morepleasing to the public and may be better educationally to illustrate the correct habitat.

Should the animals be visible all the time? Many people dont stop to look carefully orto watch, but hurry past if they cannot see the animal immediately.

Perception of freedom do the public like the use of islands, moats (water or dry),bars, wire mesh, glass, to separate them from the animals?


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Information for the visitors about the animals, their habitats, etc where is theinformation to be placed? What educational value does the information hold?

Other considerations

Building materialsNon-toxic, withstand wear and tear, easy to clean. Strong and safe enough to keepvery powerful, dangerous animals in. Ecological soundness of material.

Behavioural enrichmentToys, scatter feeding to encourage foraging, feeding at unpredictable times of day, or

even unpredictable days. Feeding in novel ways. Making the animals work for theirfood. Allowing animals out in the Zoo grounds, to interact with the public or even giverides.

CostZoos are not made of money! Enclosures have to be compromised by the spaceavailable and the cost of the whole budget.

SignageSignage is now a critical part of the overall presentation of an exhibit as it providesthe public with vital information on the animal. Signage is also important in that itoften describes the effect of people on the worlds wildlife and the role of zoos inconservation.

Planning PermissionTaronga Zoo faces planning constraints regarding current enclosures and buildingswhich are classified by the Government as heritage listed. Considerations in regardsto noise which may impact on local residents and the visual impact any new exhibitwill have on Sydney Harbour also has to be taken into account.


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Public Viewing

Open Edge

In this situation there is no vegetationbetween the viewing public and the edge: theview into the exhibit is obstructed only by ahandrail. It can be used to allow the visitor toget close to animals and allows good viewingfor children and people in wheelchairs. This

type of viewing area should be surrounded bydense plant to shield it from other viewingareas an soften the hardness of the viewingedge.

Public Shelter Viewing

This type of viewing situation is most suitable formajor exhibits where the public is likely to spendmore time. The style and materials should be intheming or character with the exhibit. If glass isused, reflections by sunlight should be considered.

Canted glass tends to hold dust so speciallytreated glass which is able to withhold claws onone side and vandalism on the other should beselected.

Partially Screened Edge

This is a quite a typical viewing situation: there is aplanted edge between the viewing area and the exhibitarea and then an island of vegetation between theviewing area and the primary circulation route. This type

of viewing area often needs to be set back to preventcross viewing from other exhibits and other viewingareas. Logs or boulders are sometimes needed to assistviewing by small children. Plants used at the edge shouldare close to the public so they should be appropriate tothe exhibit and the habitat where the animals are found.


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Enclosed EdgeAnimals which are able to leap or climbrequire closed exhibit areas. Plantingand landforms need to screen andcomplement the view as well as screenthe exhibit structure from surroundingareas.

Animal Shelter Viewing

This form of shelter allows for the public viewingstructure to be extended to provide shelter foranimals which accept close interaction with people.The view will also extend out into the open exhibit.Considerations of glass reflections need to be takeninto account. Skylights over the animals shelter mayassist glass reflection although sunroofs can creategeometrical light shapes (for example a square sunroof will result in a square light shape appearing) andthus does not create the illusion of natural light.

Cover Viewing, Mesh Enclosure

This type of exhibit uses elements of an enclosedexhibit plus a covered viewing situation. The shelterstructure actually frames out the view of the mesh.

BridgesThis type of viewing is not common in Zoos as care needs to be taken to ensure thatthe elevated bridge does not expose the visitor to the entire exhibit. Exhibits shouldunfold dramatically view by view from a variety of outlooks. Dense planting isrequired to isolate the bridge from other viewing areas.


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BoardwalksBoardwalks are especially appropriate in marsh and water exhibits. Dense plantingcan camouflage the walk and hide visitors from other visitors further along theboardwalk. Boardwalks can be fixed or floating, however floating boardwalks tend tobounce and can encourage exuberant behaviour of teenagers!

Covered Decking

Covered bridges or boardwalks are useful where visitors may spend extendedperiods at major water related exhibits. The decking can be used to hide fencingmaterial that may spilt exhibits thus allowing different species to be exhibited.

Underwater Viewing

Underwater viewing is very expensive however it adds a dramatic and memorablesensation to the visitor experience. Visitors are usually in an enclosed room with theroom, walls, floor and ceilings themed to suit the habitat of the animal.

Animal Barriers

Sunken FenceThis type of moat is used as a background. The moat can be filled with vegetation(for example thorny) to discourage animals from using the area.

Walls

Any walls of an exhibit that seen by the public should resemble some naturalformation similar to the habitat of where the animal would be found ( for examplesandstone outcrop).

Double-sided dry moat

Double sided dry moats can be used toseparate one animal exhibit from another.They are generally very effective in terms ofkeeping animals enclosed however dry moatsdo take large areas of land space.


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One sided water moatWater moats make ideal barriers. Water can bemade to resemble a variety of different types ofnaturally occurring water bodies, from sparkingponds to creeks. Moats are usually built deepenough to prevent escape and the edge closest tothe animal is generally sloping gently into deeperwater to minimise drowning.

Fence

Fencing to keep animals inside theirexhibit is the most common form andcheapest form of animal containment. Interms of public visual experiences, fencingcan draw away from the animal exhibit ona whole and can be visually disruptive.Fencing is best used in conjunction withother animal containment methods (for

example moats) however this can add to the expense of building the exhibit.

The type of fencing used depends on the animals it is to contain. A vertical fence canbe used for most animals. The support pole generally needs to be placed outside theexhibit area so animals are unable to place pressure on them from the animal.Animals which are able to dig need a buried apron of fencing underground to guardagainst escape. Animals that can climb require the fence to overhang into theexhibit. The overhang can also be used to keep out unwanted human access. Denseplanting is often used to screen the fence and create a visual barrier. Fencing is oftenpainted black which make the fence disappear more effectively into the landscapingor planting behind the fence.

Piano Wire

Piano wire is closely spaced, tightly tensioned wire which can form a barrier that isalmost invisible. Piano wire can only be used for birds and some small mammalsbecause it can be bent latterally. The high tension of the wire requires a strongsupporting frame and a way to tighten and adjust the wires.


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RailingRailing can only be used to contain people (not animals) and even then, people areable to climb over the railing! Railing can only be used to protect areas or animalsthat are not considered dangerous or critical. Railing that is reinforced with a politeand discrete sign is effective for 99% of the people 99% of the time. The materials offencing varies greatly depending on the overall theme of the exhibit. Fencingmaterial vary greatly in cost which also needs to be considered.

Glass

Reinforced glass partitions can providean invisible barrier and have theadvantage of preventing the transfer ofobjects or airborne diseases, howeverglass always brings the potential forreflections. Moreover, the restriction ofsounds and smells may denture thevisitors experience to an undesirableextent. Daily cleansing, inside and out,is essential.

Sunken barrier

Burrowing animals require an artificialfloor as a barrier that will allow digging butprevent escape. Mesh has the advantageof allowing free drainage and is relativelyinexpensive for such an application. Themesh must be non-corrosive.

Mesh

Complete enclosures of mesh are necessary whenthe animals are so agile that alternate barriers arenot practical. Fish netting, dyed black to reduceultraviolet degradation, has been used for birdexhibits allowing large enclosing spans without theobstruction of intermediate supports.


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At the ZooHow to use these activities:

Prior to arriving at the Zoo students should have been placed into groups of either 3or 4. Activity one is a general activity that all students should complete eitherindividually or in their group. Through the use of the question/answer format, activityone is designed to prepare students for the following group work activities.

Upon completing activity one, each group should be assigned one other activity tocomplete in their groups.

Each activity is based around a different scenario and requires students to prepare aspecific presentation or final product to present to the other groups back at school.Each group will require a digital camera for their task.

Activity 1

Choose an enclosure of your groups choice in the Zoo.

Answer the following questions

Are there any natural objects used in the landscaping

inside the enclosure? List them and provide a reason

why the natural object has been placed inside the exhibit.

How is the enclosure suitable for public viewing? How has this been achieved?

Select one aspect of the enclosure, eg signage, viewing areas, fencing, walkways etcand describe how this could be improved for the public.


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Select one aspect of the enclosure you think could be improved for the overall well-being of the animal/s. Describe what the improvement will be and how this will beachieved.

Where are the animals able to retreat from public viewing? Describe where theseplaces are in terms of the overall enclosure.

What forms of restraint are used to keep both the animals inside the enclosure andthe general public out? (i.e. moat, fencing, raised walkways etc)

Which of the animals natural behaviours are being displayed?

What would a zookeeper have to do to have too keep this enclosure clean and howis food provided food for the animal?

Identify gates to enter and exit the exhibit. Describe where or how they are placedinside the enclosure. For example, are they in direct public view, hidden by plantingetc?

Can you see any areas that would be off limits to the public viewing so the keeperscan isolate or separate animals?


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Describe any improvements you would make to this enclosure.


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Activity 2Pre-Information

Perhaps more than any other aspect of zooplanning, the design of the actual barrier in theenclosure demands very close workinginteraction between designers and zoo staff.Barriers do more than simply prevent physicalescape or entry: they can prevent the transfer ofgerms and disease, they can control the flightdistance, they are used for safety and they can

prevent people from feeding the animals.

Animals vary widely in their individual reactionsto barriers, whether physical or psychologicaland therefore the design of these barriersrequires a thorough understanding of theanimals to be contained.

Taronga Zoo uses a variety of different types of barriers in the many exhibits rangingfrom sunken fences to glass walls, to pion wire.

TaskYou are working in an international architectural firm and have been asked by aforeign government to assist in the design of a new zoo being planned for theircapital. You have been requested to compile a list of a range of different barriers thatyou can identify at Taronga Zoo and list the advantages and disadvantges of thebarriers to assist in the development of the new foreign zoo.

You will be required to use the information that you gain from this task to put togethera presentaion explaining your findings and what you believe to be the most idealbarrier.

Make sure you use a digital camera to take photos of all the barriers you describe to

provide a visual component in your presentation


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Enclosure Description ofBarrier

Advantages Disadvantag

exampleLIONS

Glass wall for publicviewing.Brick wall around the restof the enclosure.

-prevents transfer ofdisease-prevents people throwingobjects into enclosure-safe

-potential reflections- restricts sense of soand smell-if dirty, will restrict vie


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Enclosure Design Zoo

Education

Taronga Zoo Education Centre 2011These sheets may be reproduced for teaching purposes.Permission to reproduce them for other purposes may

be obtained from the Taronga Zoo Education Centre18

Activity 3

Pre Information

The topography of the current site ofTaronga Zoo encouraged thedevelopment of the Sky Safari. Thereaction by local residents to theconstruction of the lower terminal andcutting into the foreshore was welldocumented in local and daily press.Many believed the sky ride was anintrusion on the harbour foreshore.

Functionally, the Sky Ride has seriousplanning flaws. It effectively onlyservices a one-way flow of visitorsfrom the lower entrance arrival point. Queuing makes it longer and more tediousthan the State bus alternative that takes visitors up to the Zoos Main Entrance.

Those guests who arrive by car or bus at the top of the Zoo should be able tofilter down through the Zoo and catch the cable car back up. However, to do thisguests have to exit the Zoo at the bottom, walk nearly 500 metres to the ferryterminal and negotiate a long ramped staircase before entering the cabin ridesystem. The stairs make this option very difficult for those in wheelchair or prams.To help eliminate this problem a lift was installed in the lower cabin entrancebuilding and flat ramps were installed. The picture above of the sky safari on abusy day illustrates the impracticality of the sky safari.

Task

Imagine you were the designer of the Sky Safari. Answer the following questions

in order to develop an information report to present back at school. Make sureyou take photos to support your answers.


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Taronga Zoo Education Centre 2011These sheets may be reproduced for teaching purposes.

Permission to reproduce them for other purposes may beobtained from the Taronga Zoo Education Centre

19

What design brief were you provided with by the CEO of Taronga Zoo?

List at least two environmental considerations in its design or construction.

Observe the towers which support the cable car. List two design features of thetowers and possible reasons for these design features.

What has been placed on the towers to make them more subtle?

How many wheels support the cable?

Why are the wheels lined with rubber?

List three design faults that you see with the sky safari?

1

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Develop an emergency strategy for evacuating people from the sky safari

...


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Activity 4

Pre Information

As a conservation organisation, Taronga Zooaims to teach the public about the importance ofsaving wild habitats. One way to do this is todisplay animals in enclosures that replicate thehabitat of the animal in the wild. By displayinganimals in these naturalistic exhibits, zoosattempt to give visitors a glimpse into the wild andwhy it is important to save habitats in order tosave animals.

There are three basic needs to be considered in planning a zoo animal exhibit:

1. the animal

2. the visitor

3. the staff (keepers)

The Streets Creatures of the Wollemi' display is one of the most ambitious everpresented by Taronga Zoo. The Streets Creatures of the Wollemi focuses on theunique flora and fauna of Australian east coast sandstone escarpments. It wasdesigned to display the animals and plants found in that region.The exhibit isrelatively new to the zoo, being completed early 2000. It is important for zoos tocontinually re-evaluate their exhibits to ensure the needs of both the animal, thekeeper, and the viewers are still being met.

Platypus have traditionally been very difficult to breed in captivity, however theywere successfully bred in Taronga Zoos Wollemi exhibit in 2003 and 2004. Take

a walk down to the Wollemi exhibit and use a digital camera to take at least 5photos of the exhibit which will assist you in your presentation back at school.


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Task

You have been assigned by the NSW Zoological Parks board to assess theWollemi exhibit. You will need to gather information and take relevant photos tosupport this information in order to give a power point presentation on the exhibitwhen you return to school.


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Name of Exhibit..........................Animals present:

What environment isbeing created and howhas this been achieved?

Comments;

List the materials thathave been used in theconstruction of theenclosure?

Describe some of thechallenges that TarongaZoo staff would havefaced in creating thisdisplay

In what ways does theexhibit cater for each ofthe multiple species

Describe some of theproblems you think mayarise as a result of thedesign of this exhibit


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How does the signageand walkways add tothe bushwalkexperience.

In what ways do you

think the exhibitcontributed tosuccessful breeding ofplatypus?

Other interesting notesabout the exhibit:

Do you think the Streets Wollemi exhibit meets the needs of the animals? Why?

...............................................................................................................

..

...

Do you think the Streets Wollemi exhibit meets the needs of the keepers and the viewers? Why?

.........................................................................

.........................................


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Enclosure DesignZooEducation

Enclosure Design Stage 4 Design and Technology 24

Activity 5

Pre Information

In mid 2006, eight Asian elephants were tobe flown to Australia to begin their new livesat various zoos around Australia, five boundfor Taronga Zoo. Tarongas aim is to usethese elephants to commence a co-operativeconservation breeding program.Taronga Zoo believes that a successfulbreeding program would ensure a geneticallydiverse group of elephants is maintained as insurance against potential collapse ofwild populations.

However, when the elephants were due to fly out of Thailand, Thai animal rightsactivists blocked the eight Asian elephants from being shipped to Australia, arguingthe animals were being shipped off to live in poor conditions and would suffer in theill-equipped confines of the Australian facilities.

On June 7, 2006,Chaiwat Subprasom from the Environmental News Network wrote;Thai animal rights activists on Tuesday blocked eight Asian elephants from being shipped

to Australia, arguing the animals would suffer in zoos that spent millions to create special

bathing, exercise and sleeping areas for them.

The new exhibit that Taronga has constructed for the elephants is the mostadvanced enclosure design of recent times including state of the art technologies.Taronga committed extensive resources to ensure that the elephants will have agreat home and that we, along with regional Zoos, can make a strong contribution totheir conservation needs.

TaskYou are a journalist who has been asked to come to Taronga Zoo to assess the newelephant enclosure and to report on its condition and features. Make sure to readthe information signage to learn about elephant behaviour which may assist you inrecognising structural features which support their natural lifestyle. After compilingyour information, you must put together your newspaper article. Make sure you putforward your opinion on whether the elephants should come to Taronga ensuringyou justify your response.

Use a digital camera to take at least 5 photos of the Wild Asia exhibit which willassist you in putting together your report when you get back to school.


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List some features of the barnthat ensures the elephantsare comfortable?

What features can yousee that may act asbehavioural enrichment?

How does the exibitpromote education of theAsian elephants plight?

What is achieved throughthe use of plants, andoverall theming?

How do the barriers andsurrounding areas encouragea connectiveness between theviewer and the elephant?

In what ways does this exhibitcater for its Zookeepers?

What might be the benefit ofcreating a connectionbetween the elephants andthe public in regards to

education?.


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Notes:


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Post-visit Activities

1. Activities 2-5, each have their own follow up activity which should be completedback at school. Students should be given time to complete their activity and it isrecommended that a lesson be put aside for each group to present their finalproduct to the class.

2. Ask students to label the monkey enclosure design (figure 1). Allow students timeto add their own behavioural enrichment designs to the sketch.

3. Teachers can also use figure 1 to ask students what changes they personallywould make to the design and why. Students can then draw their own design, usingfigure 1 as a guide.

4. Use the Asian precinct exhibit layout plan (figure 1) to study the layout of the newelephant enclosure. Ask students to determine the most appropriate form of barriersand draw a key to illustrate what barriers would be used and where. Students must

justify their answers.

5. Taronga Zoos website contains a great deal of information about the goals andaims of the zoo. Students can integrate this information with the information theyhave gained from their excursion to assess the effectiveness of Taronga Zoo increating enclosures that promote behavioural enrichment as well as education andmeet the needs of the viewer, the zookeepers, and most importantly, the animal.


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ResourcesProvided below is a list of internet sites relevant to material covered in this resource,conservation and related themes. The list is by no means complete and is subject tochange. Please feel free to let us know if you find any interesting sites that could beadded to this list. Email Taronga Zoo Education Centre at:

[email protected]

Adelaide Zoowww.adelaidezoo.com.au

American Zoo and Aquarium Associationwww.aza.org

Australasian Regional Association of Zoological Parks and Aquaria (A.R.A.Z.P.A.)The collective association of zoos and aquariums of Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and PNG.Containing links to all member sites.

www.arazpa.org.au

Backyard BuddiesNational Parks site about native plants and animal informationwww.backyardbuddies.net.au

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCSIROwww.csiro.au

Conservation Breeding Specialist Groupwww.cbsg.org

Enclosed Animals Protection Act (EAPA)Legal specifications for enclosed animalswww.agric.nsw.gov.au/reader/1218

Husbandary Manualswww.nagonline.net/husbandry_chapters.htm#A

Melbourne Zoowww.zoo.org.au

National Geographicwww.nationalgeographic.com


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Nature Conservation Council of N.S.W.An umbrella organisation for over 130 conservation andenvironmental groups in N.S.W.www.nccnsw.org.au

National Parks and Wildlife Servicewww.npws.nsw.gov.au

Primate Info Netwww.primate.wisc.edu

Sacred EarthSacred Earth is a private organisation dedicated to exploring traditional plant knowledgeand cosmologies.www.sacredearth.com

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) World ConservationMonitoring CentreProvides information for policy and action to conserve the living worldwww.unep-wcmc.org

Urban ForestSouth Australian Urban Forest Biodiversity programwww.urbanforest.on.net

Wildlife Conservation Societywww.wcs.org

World Conservation Monitoring Centre www.wcmc.org.ukWorld Wildlife Fund (WWF)www.panda.org

ZooLexA gallery of animal imageswww.zoolex.org

Zoological Parks Board of NSWTaronga and Western Plains Zoos websitewww.zoo.nsw.gov.au

Zoos of the Worldwww.zoos.org


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Fact Sheets

Contact Taronga Zoos Education Centre to be sent a pack of fact sheets onendangered animals of the world, or check out the Zoos website atwww.taronga.org.au

Taronga Zoo Education CentrePO Box 20, Mosman, 2088Ph. (02) 9978 4624 or (02) 9978 4578Fx. (02) 9978 [email protected]

Enclosure Design

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