En Ppt Evs Swp Rainwate 1

8/3/2019 En Ppt Evs Swp Rainwate 1

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Rainwater HarvestingStd X CBSEAs per NCERT Geography textbook

Contemporary India II


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How?The concept is simple

Collect

Store and use

Recharge


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Not new to India

Source: http://blog.shunya.net/shunyas_blog/2008/08/dholavira-a-har.html

Rainwater storage reservoir at Dholavira (Rann of Kutch) Harappancivilization (2500-1900 BC)


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Traditional rainwater harvesting systems

Widely prevalent in all parts of India

Mountainous rain-shadow regions like Spiti valley

Flood plains to check floods during monsoons

The Deccan plateau which has only monsoon fed(no perennial) rivers


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Traditional rainwater harvesting systems

Widely prevalent in all parts of India

Desert and arid region , Rajasthan, Rann of Kutch etc.

Mountainous regions with heavy rainfall to check erosion andto provide water in non-rainy months since water

distribution systems are not easy to install


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Centuries old Kul irrigation in the Western Himalayanmountainous rain-shadow regions like Spiti valley

Glacier melt is diverted into the head of a kul or a diversion channel

These kuls channel the water over

many kilometers

They lead into a tank in the village from which water flow is regulated

Source:http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/methods/traditional/kuls.htmAccessed November 2008
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/methods/traditional/kuls.htmhttp://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/methods/traditional/kuls.htm


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Inundation channelBengal Flood plains

Fields

Fields

Floodwater entered the fields through the inundation canals

The waters brought in rich silt and fish

The fish fed on mosquito larva and helped check malaria in this region.


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Khadins of Jaisalmer(harvesting structures for agricultural fields)

Designed by the Paliwal Brahmins of Jaisalmer, in 15th century

Similar system also practised in Ur (Iraq), the Negev desert, and in south west Colorado

An embankment prevents water from flowing away. Collected water seeps into the soil.

This water saturates land, which is then used for growing crops


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Johads of Rajasthan(provide water for domestic use)

Earthen or masonry rainwater harvesting structure,for providing water for domestic use to the communities.

Photo by L R Burdak


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Photo by Farhad Contractor, taken in Alwar district of Rajasthan

Johads of Rajasthan(provide water for domestic use)

Read about revival of Johads in Reviving Indias water harvesting systems

T k f Bik B Ph l di R j th


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Tankas of Bikaner, Barmer, Phalodi - Rajasthan

Note the slope provided for the rainwater(palar pani) to flow into the tanka

Pipes from the rooftop leadrainwater into the tanka

catchment


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Tankas for storing drinking waterThar desert region of Rajasthan (Barmer, Bikaner, Pallodi)

Unique underground structures ofvarious shapes and sizes to collect rainwater for drinking purposes

Sometimes used to store drinking waterbrought from far off wells in case therainwater gets exhausted

Constructed in court yards or in front

of houses and temples,

Built both for individual households aswell as for village communities


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Main source of drinking water in these areas

People protect and maintain them

Just before the on-set of the monsoon, the catchment area of the Tanka is cleaned up toremove all possible pollutants

Human activity and grazing of cattle in the area is prohibited

First spell of rain not collected



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Provide enough drinking water to tide over the water scarcity during the summer monthseven though average annual rainfall is as less as 200 mm to 300 mm.

In many cases the stored water lasts for the whole year.

These simple traditional water harvesting structures are useful even during years of below-normal rainfall.


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Rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan today

Rajasthan Canal (Indira Gandhi Nahar Project) brings water (for agriculture and domesticuse) from the Sutlej and Beas rivers

Rainwater harvesting was on decline

Being revived in many parts of Rajasthan: traditional methods with some improvisations

http://pashunz.blogspot.com/2006_12_01_archive.html

For more information, check out

http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/Improvised.htm000

http://twofloatingweeds.blogspot.com


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Deccan Plateau

Then Water harvested in a system of tanks that were fed

by seasonal streams

Tanks recharged groundwater

Now

Tanks neglected

Many regions facing water scarcity

Importance of rainwater harvesting being realized

Rooftop rainwater harvesting getting a boost

No perennial rivers

DeccanPlateau


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Rainwater harvesting in theNorth Eastern states

Uneven distribution of population

Abundant water resources but not tapped due to rugged terrain

Face water scarcity in areas of high population density

Mountainous regions with heavy rainfall

http://media-2.web.britannica.com


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Bamboo drip irrigationin Meghalaya


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Bamboo drip irrigation inMeghalaya

200-year-old system

Used by tribal farmers of Khasi and Jaintia hills

Bamboos divert water from perennial springs onhilltops to the lower reaches by gravity

Used to irrigate the betel leaf or black pepper crops

18-20 litres of water entering the bamboo pipesystem per minute gets transported over severalhundred meters and finally gets reduced to 20-80drops per minute at the site of the plant.

Attempts made to introduce modern pipe systemsbut farmers prefer to use their indigenous form ofirrigation.


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For more information onRain Water Harvesting Systemsin different regions

Check out http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/eco/eco-region.htm

Read the book Dying wisdom published by the Centre for Science andEnvironment (CSE)

Brief notes on some traditional water harvesting structures are available atTraditional Water Harvesting Structures information sheet onwww.indiawaterportal.org
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/eco/eco-region.htmhttp://www.indiawaterportal.org/http://www.indiawaterportal.org/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/eco/eco-region.htmhttp://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/eco/eco-region.htmhttp://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/eco/eco-region.htm


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Rainwater harvesting today

Collection(Catchment)Flat / sloping roofs

Leaf and gritfilter, Firstflush device

Transportation: Downtakepipes

Storage intanks

Recharge into open wells /borewells / percolation pits /

trenches


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Case studies of interest - Legislation

Tamil Nadu

Rainwater harvesting made mandatory for all the buildings in thestate

If the rain water harvesting structure is not provided as required, anauthorized person can implement a rain water harvesting structure

and the cost is recovered along with property tax".

Citizens are also warned about disconnection of water supplyconnection if rainwater harvesting structures are not provided.

To learn more about policies and legislation (India and abroad),

check outhttp://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Policy/Legislation.htm
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Policy/Legislation.htmhttp://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Policy/Legislation.htmhttp://www.tn.gov.in/acts-rules/maws/muncipal_ord_2003.htm


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Gendathur (Karnataka)- a remote village in Mysore district

The first village to have installed a maximum number of rainwater harvesting systems.

Each of the 200 houses have a rooftop rainwater harvesting system

TheMysore Zilla Panchayat, an NGO (MYRADA) and the villagers worked together

The villagers contributed20%of the project cost.

The villagers ofGendathur use rainwater for all their everyday needs; they even use it fordrinking and cooking.

Karnataka

Case studies of interest - Implementation


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Some people Chewang Norphel, 62, of Leh, Ladakh.

In Ladakh, the annual average rainfall is 50 mm.The only source of water are glaciers, which melt in latesummer.

Water shortage felt at the start of the cropping season in early summer(May to June)

Taps left open in winter, so that water does not freeze in the pipelines(Water wasted in winter)

Norphel builds artificial glaciers by channelising glacier water intodepressions lying in the shadow area of a mountain, hidden fromsunlight.

He places half-inch-wide iron pipes at the edge of the depression. Asthe water keeps collecting in the pipes, it freezes. As more water seepsin, it pushes out the frozen blocks, and in turn, itself gets frozen. Thiskeeps happening in a continuous cycle, and these frozen blocks create

a clean, artificial glacier.

Norphel has made four such glaciers.

To learn more about people who are making a difference,check out http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/People/People.htm
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/People/People.htmhttp://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/People/People.htm


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Want to play


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Divide the class into 5 teams Team A selects 2 persons who will pick the clue and draw it out on the

board for the other team members to guess.

If the guessers get the right answer in 30 secs, they get 5 points If the guessers get the right answer in 60 secs, they get 3 points Otherwise

The chance then goes to Team B and so on.

Rules No mouthing of words No names or numbers to be written No actions


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Turn off the projector now, so that

the whole class cannot see the clues.The 2 representatives of Team A

can come up to the computer and

see the clue.

Ready?


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Round 1

Team A

Khadin

Team B Johad

Team C Tanka

Team D Kul

Team E Inundation channel


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Round 2

Team A

Dholavira Team B Spiti valley

Team C Rann of Kutch

Team D

Deccan Plateau

Team E Jaisalmer


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Round 3

Team A Thar

Team B

North East India

Team C Bamboo drip irrigation

Team D Indira Gandhi Canal

Team E Gendathur


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Round 4

Team A

collection Team B storage

Team C recharge

Team D filter

Team E pipelines

En Ppt Evs Swp Rainwate 1

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