Emulsion
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Transcript of Emulsion
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Emulsion
Sarder Istiaque Ahmed111-29-308
Daffodil International University
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• A mixture of two or more liquids that are normally Immiscible.
• One liquid phase is dispersed is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase.
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Advantages• Mask the unpleasant taste.• Sustained
release medication.• Inert and chemically non-
reactive. • Reasonably odorless and
cost effective.
Disadvantages• Thermodynamically
unstable and have short shelf-life.
• Leads to creaming and cracking .
• leads to phase inversion.
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Phase in Emulsion
• The dispersed liquid is known as the Internal or Discontinuous phase.
• The dispersion medium is known as the External or Continuous phase.
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Types Of Emulsion
Oil in Water (O/W)Water in Oil (W/O)Water in Oil in water emulsion. Based on size of liquid droplets: Macroemulsions (0.2 – 50 mm)Microemulsions (0.01 – 0.2 mm)
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Identification Tests For Emulsion Dye test. Dilution test. Electrical conductivity test. Fluorescence test. Cobalt chloride test.
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Emulsifying Agent• Soluble in both oil and water and enable oil to be uniformly dispersed in
water as an emulsion.• Emulsifying agents can be classified according to: 1) Chemical structure: Synthetic Emulsifying Agents (Sodium stearate, Benzalkonium chloride). Natural Emulsifying Agents (Acacia, Tragacanth, Gelatin) Finely Dispersed Solids (Bentonite, Veegum) Auxilary Agents 2) Mechanism of action: Monomolecular Multi-molecular Solid particle films.
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HLB Value
• The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic.
• Has an arbitrary scale of 1 - 18.• Low HLB Indicates? Low number of hydrophilic groups on the Molecule thus
imparting Lipophilic character. E.g. Spans have low HLB numbers.
• High HLB indicates? Emulsifier has a large number of hydrophilic groups on the
molecule thus imparting hydrophilic Character. E.g. Tweens have higher HLB numbers
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Theories Of Emulsification
• Electric double layer theory.• Phase volume theory.• Hydration theory of emulsions.• Adsorbed film and interfacial tension theory.
Figure: Electric Double Layer
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Figure: Interfacial Tension Theory
Figure: Surface Tension
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Methods Of Preparation Of Emulsion
1) Dry Gum Methods2) Wet Gum Methods 3) Bottle Method 4) Beaker Method. 5) In situ Soap Method.
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Instability