Emre Introduction L TEX and AMS-L EX Symbols A Emre Sermutlu Introduction TEXT MATH Common Greek...

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L A T E X Emre Sermutlu Introduction TEXT MATH Common Greek Binary Subsets Inequalities Triangles Arrows Operators Functions Miscel. Alphabet Brackets Dots Var. Size EXTRA Textcomp Marvosym Pifont Chemarrow L A T E X and A M S-L A T E X Symbols Emre Sermutlu March 17, 2008

Transcript of Emre Introduction L TEX and AMS-L EX Symbols A Emre Sermutlu Introduction TEXT MATH Common Greek...

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LATEX and AMS-LATEX Symbols

Emre Sermutlu

March 17, 2008

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Introduction IAbout This Document

This document lists symbols in standardLaTeX, AMS-LATEX and a few additional packages.The document is optimized for viewing on a computer.I recommend using it full screen (Ctrl+L for Acrobat)and then navigating by clicking the sidebar.You may reach the latest version of this file (and alsoanother file using Txfonts) atacademic.cankaya.edu.tr/~sermutlu.

Copyright NoticeYou may download, upload, post, use and distribute this pdffile freely, provided that you do not add or delete material,split, merge or in any other way modify the file.This file is provided as is, with no warranties implied.

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Introduction IINote About Packages

I did not separate the the AMS-LATEX symbols from thestandard ones. Do not forget the include\usepackageamsmath,amssymb,latexsym before\begindocument to be able to use these symbols.In the section Extra, I have included the packagesTextcomp, Marvosym, Pifont and Chemarrow to give ataste of the rich world of LATEX. You need to installpackages and then write \usepackagepackagename toaccess these symbols. (If you are using MiKTeX, it willinstall packages automatically at first usage.)There are many more packages and thousands ofsymbols not included here. I recommend Scott Pakin’sThe Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List for acomplete listing. (It can be reached at www.ctan.org).

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Introduction IIIAbout the Author

Prepared by Dr. Emre Sermutlu, Department ofMathematics and Computer Science, CankayaUniversity, Ankara-Turkey.I started this project for my personal needs, as it wasunfeasible to browse books or search the internet everytime I needed an unfamiliar symbol. I am using acomputer whenever I am using LATEX, so I needed a fileoptimized for viewing on screen, not printing on paper.I am a fan of Beamer, which is a wonderful class forpreparing Power-Point like presentations in LATEX. Youare currently seeing the power of Beamer. You canlearn more about it at:http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net

Please report errors, omissions, suggestions and anyother kind of feedback to [email protected].

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TEXT Symbols I

$ \$& \&# \#% \% \ \

\-¶ \P§ \S \dag \ddagı \i \jBB \tBB

U \"UI \.IG \~G

A \HA

O \‘O

C \^CC \vC

T \rT

P \’P

M \uMN \=NE¯

\bES \cSF. \dF

© \copyrightr \circledRaO \textcircleda \texttrademarkX \checkmark£ \poundsz \maltese \textbullet\ \textbackslash| \textbar

\_– \textendash— \textemdash< \textless> \textgreater

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TEXT Symbols II

. . . \dots l \l L \Lø \oØ \Oa \aaA \AAß \ss

SS \SSæ \aeÆ \AEœ \oeŒ \OE

˜ \textasciitildeˆ \textasciicircum¡ \textexclamdown¿ \textquestiondown‘ \textquoteleft’ \textquoteright“ \textquotedblleft” \textquotedblright

\textvisiblespaceº \textordmasculineª \textordfeminine* \textasteriskcentered· \textperiodcentered

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Common Math SymbolsSome of these symbols may appear at other tables for user convenience

6= \neq6 \leqslant> \geqslant≈ \approx≡ \equiv∼= \cong' \simeq∂ \partial∞ \infty∇ \nablaℵ \aleph` \ell∨ \vee∧ \wedge∀ \forall∃ \exists

± \pm∓ \mp× \times÷ \div∪ \cup∩ \cap∈ \in/∈ \notin\ \setminus∅ \varnothing⊂ \subset⊃ \supset· \cdot \centerdot© \copyrightz \maltese

→ \to⇐⇒ \iff

$ \$£ \pounds% \%& \& \ \

\_¶ \P§ \S∗ \ast† \dag‡ \ddag• \bulleto \wr

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Greek Letters

α \alphaβ \betaγ \gammaδ \deltaλ \lambdaω \omegaψ \psiχ \chiρ \rhoε \epsilonκ \kappaπ \piφ \phiσ \sigmaθ \theta

υ \upsilonξ \xiτ \tauι \iotaη \etaζ \zetaµ \muν \nu% \varrhoε \varepsilonκ \varkappa$ \varpiϕ \varphiς \varsigmaϑ \vartheta

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Greek and Hebrew Letters

Γ \Gamma∆ \DeltaΛ \LambdaΩ \OmegaΠ \PiΦ \PhiΨ \PsiΣ \SigmaΘ \ThetaΥ \UpsilonΞ \Xiz \digamma

Γ \varGamma∆ \varDeltaΛ \varLambdaΩ \varOmegaΠ \varPiΦ \varPhiΨ \varPsiΣ \varSigmaΘ \varThetaΥ \varUpsilonΞ \varXi

ℵ \alephi \beth

ג \gimelk \daleth

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Binary Operations I

⊕ \oplus \ominus⊗ \otimes \odot \oslash \circ© \bigcirc \circledcirc \circleddash~ \circledastq \amalg∪ \cupd \Cupt \sqcuph \leftthreetimes] \uplus

\boxplus \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot> \divideontimesᵀ \intercalu \dotplus\ \setminusr \smallsetminus \centerdot \diamond∩ \cape \Capu \sqcapi \rightthreetimes \backepsilon

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Binary Operations II

∨ \veeg \curlyveeY \veebarn \ltimeso \rtimesa \dashv` \vdash \vDash \Vdash|= \models \Vvdash./ \bowtie1 \Join∵ \because∴ \therefore& \And

∧ \wedgef \curlywedgeZ \barwedge[ \doublebarwedge† \dagger‡ \ddagger0 \nvdash2 \nvDash1 \nVdash3 \nVDasht \pitchfork^ \smile` \smallsmile_ \frowna \smallfrown• \bullet

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Binary Relations I

∼= \cong

4 \preccurlyeq

2 \curlyeqprec

≺ \prec

\preceq

w \precapprox

- \precsim

\succ

\succeq

v \succapprox

% \succsim

\ncong

< \succcurlyeq

3 \curlyeqsucc

⊀ \nprec

\npreceq

\precnapprox

\precnsim

\nsucc

\nsucceq

\succnapprox

\succnsim

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Binary Relations II

| \midp \shortmid‖ \parallelq \shortparallel∼ \sim∼ \thicksim' \simeqv \backsimw \backsimeq≈ \approx≈ \thickapproxu \approxeq≡ \equiv∝ \propto∝ \varpropto( \multimap

- \nmid. \nshortmid∦ \nparallel/ \nshortparallel \nsim.= \doteq+ \doteqdotG \between \asymp; \fallingdotseq: \risingdotseql \bumpeqm \Bumpeq$ \circeqP \eqcirc⊥ \perp

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Subset Relations

⊂ \subset

⊆ \subseteq

j \subseteqq

< \sqsubset

v \sqsubseteq

b \Subset

* \nsubseteq

( \subsetneq

\varsubsetneq

" \nsubseteqq

$ \subsetneqq

& \varsubsetneqq

⊃ \supset

⊇ \supseteq

k \supseteqq

= \sqsupset

w \sqsupseteq

c \Supset

+ \nsupseteq

) \supsetneq

! \varsupsetneq

# \nsupseteqq

% \supsetneqq

' \varsupsetneqq

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Inequalities I

< <

> >

6 \leqslant

> \geqslant

≤ \leq

≥ \geq

5 \leqq

= \geqq

0 \eqslantless

1 \eqslantgtr

\lneq

\gneq

≮ \nless

≯ \ngtr

\nleqslant

\ngeqslant

\nleq

\ngeq

\nleqq

\ngeqq

\lneqq

\gneqq

\lvertneqq

\gvertneqq

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Inequalities II

\ll

\gg

. \lesssim

& \gtrsim

/ \lessapprox

' \gtrapprox

≶ \lessgtr

≷ \gtrless

Q \lesseqgtr

R \gtreqless

≪ \lll

≫ \ggg

\lnsim

\gnsim

\lnapprox

\gnapprox

l \lessdot

m \gtrdot

S \lesseqqgtr

T \gtreqqless

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Triangular RelationsHarpoons

4 \bigtriangleup. \triangleright7 \ntrianglerightB \vartriangleright \rhd \unrhdD \trianglerighteq4 \ntrianglerighteqI \blacktriangleright, \triangleq

5 \bigtriangledown/ \triangleleft6 \ntriangleleftC \vartriangleleft \lhd \unlhdE \trianglelefteq5 \ntrianglelefteqJ \blacktriangleleft

\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \rightleftharpoons \upharpoonright \downharpoonright

\leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \upharpoonleft \downharpoonleft

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Arrows I

→ \rightarrow⇒ \Rightarrow−→ \longrightarrow=⇒ \Longrightarrow↑ \uparrow⇑ \Uparrow9 \nrightarrow; \nRightarrowl \updownarrowm \Updownarrow \nearrow \nwarrow \swarrow \searrow⇐⇒ \iff

← \leftarrow⇐ \Leftarrow←− \longleftarrow⇐= \Longleftarrow↓ \downarrow⇓ \Downarrow8 \nleftarrow: \nLeftarrow= \nleftrightarrow< \nLeftrightarrow↔ \leftrightarrow⇔ \Leftrightarrow←→ \longleftrightarrow⇐⇒ \Longleftrightarrow! \leftrightsquigarrow

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Arrows II

⇒ \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrowsV \Rrightarrow→ \hookrightarrow \rightarrowtail# \looparrowright \twoheadrightarrowy \curvearrowright \circlearrowright99K \dashrightarrow \Rsh \upuparrows7→ \mapsto7−→ \longmapsto

⇔ \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrowsW \Lleftarrow← \hookleftarrow \leftarrowtail" \looparrowleft \twoheadleftarrowx \curvearrowleft \circlearrowleftL99 \dashleftarrow \Lsh \downdownarrows \rightsquigarrow; \leadsto

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Mathematical OperatorsThe following operators have two different sizes

∏ ∏\prod∑ ∑\sum∫ ∫\int∮ ∮\oint∫∫ ∫∫\iint∫∫∫ ∫∫∫\iiint∫∫∫∫ ∫∫∫∫\iiiint∫

· · ·∫ ∫

·· ·∫

\idotsint

∐ ∐\coprod⋃ ⋃\bigcup⋂ ⋂\bigcap⊎ ⊎\biguplus⊔ ⊔\bigsqcup∨ ∨\bigvee∧ ∧\bigwedge⊕ ⊕\bigoplus⊗ ⊗\bigotimes⊙ ⊙\bigodot

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Mathematical Functions I

Pure FunctionsPlease note that sinx (sin x) and sinx (\sin x) looktotally different.

sin \sin

cos \cos

tan \tan

cot \cot

sec \sec

csc \csc

ln \ln

dim \dim

deg \deg

arcsin \arcsin

arccos \arccos

arctan \arctan

arg \arg

m mod n m\mod n

m mod n m\bmod n

m (mod n) m\pmod n

m (n) m\pod n

sinh \sinh

cosh \cosh

tanh \tanh

coth \coth

lg \lg

log \log

exp \exp

hom \hom

ker \ker

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Mathematical Functions II

Functions with LimitsThe following functions may take limits below: lim

x→0This is written as: \lim_x \to 0

min \min

max \max

inf \inf

sup \sup

det \det

gcd \gcd

Pr \Pr

lim \lim

lim inf \liminf

lim \varliminf

lim sup \limsup

lim \varlimsup

inj lim \injlim

lim−→ \varinjlim

proj lim \projlim

lim←− \varprojlim

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Miscellaneous Symbols I

= \Im< \Re℘ \wp> \top⊥ \bot∀ \forall∃ \exists@ \nexists¬ \neg∈ \in/∈ \notin3 \ni \complement~ \hbar \hslash

` \ell∂ \partialð \ethı \imath \jmathk \Bbbk` \Finva \Game∞ \infty∅ \emptyset∅ \varnothing∠ \angle] \measuredangle^ \sphericalangle∫ \smallint

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Miscellaneous Symbols II

∇ \nabla0 \mho \square2 \Box4 \triangleM \vartriangleO \triangledown♦ \lozenge√

\surdX \checkmark] \sharp\ \natural[ \flat′ \prime8 \backprime7 \mapstochar

\ \backslash \diagdown \diagup \blacksquare3 \DiamondN \blacktriangleH \blacktriangledown \blacklozenge♥ \heartsuit♦ \diamondsuit♠ \spadesuit♣ \clubsuit? \starF \bigstarr \circledRs \circledS

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Mathematical Alphabets I

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY Z

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

\mathnormal...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

\mathrm...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

\mathsf...

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Mathematical Alphabets II

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

\mathbf...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

\mathit...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

\mathtt...

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Mathematical Alphabets III

ABCDEFGHIJKLMN

OPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

1234567890

\mathfrak...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY Z

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890

αβπθΦΨΩ . . .∈ ~∂∇ ←∞∅2 . . .

\boldsymbol...

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Mathematical Alphabets IV

A BC DE FG H I J K L MNOPQRS T U V W X Y Z

(Include \usepackagemathrsfsbefore \begindocument)

\mathscr...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST UVWXYZ

\mathcal...

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

\mathbb...

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BracketsThese are variable sized

( (

[ [

| \vert

\

〈 \langle

d \lceil

b \lfloor \lgroup

| \lvert

‖ \lVert︷ \lmoustache

| \arrowvert

\ \backslash

) )

] ]

‖ \Vert

\

〉 \rangle

e \rceil

c \rfloor \rgroup

| \rvert

‖ \rVert︷ \rmoustache

‖ \Arrowvert \bracevert

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Brackets - Math Accents

p \ulcorner

x \llcorner

↑ \uparrow

↓ \downarrow

l \updownarrow

q \urcorner

y \lrcorner

⇑ \Uparrow

⇓ \Downarrow

m \Updownarrow

a \tildea

a \hata

a \checka

~a \veca

a \bara

a \acutea

a \gravea

a \brevea

a \dota

a \ddota...a \dddota

....a \ddddota

a \mathringa

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Dots

. . . \ldots lower dots· · · \cdots center dots. . . \ddots diagonal dots... \vdots vertical dots. . . . . . . . \dotfill fill with dots. . . \dots lower or center· · · \dotsm multiplication· · · \dotsi dots for integrals· · · \dotsb dots for binary op.. . . \dotsc dots after commas. . . \dotso other dots. \ldotp· \cdotp: \colon

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Variable Size Constructions

︷︸︸︷abc \overbraceabc

abc︸︷︷︸ \underbraceabc

abc←−− \xleftarrowabc

abc−−→ \xrightarrowabc

√abc \sqrtabc

abc \widetildeabc

abc \widehatabc

abc \overlineabc

abc \underlineabc

−→abc \overrightarrowabc←−abc \overleftarrowabc←→abc \overleftrightarrowabc

abc−→ \underrightarrowabc

abc←− \underleftarrowabc

abc←→ \underleftrightarrowabc

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Textcomp IInclude \usepackagetextcomp before \begindocument

$ \textdollar¢ \textcent¿ \texteuro¥ \textyen£ \textsterling \textlira \textbaht \textguarani \textdong \textnaira \textpeso \textwon¤ \textcurrency \textflorinA \newtieAa \newtiea

\textdollaroldstyle \textcentoldstyle \textcolonmonetary_ \textdownarrow \textrightarrow \textleftarrow^ \textuparrow \textacutedbl \textasciicaron¯ \textasciimacron´ \textasciiacute¨ \textasciidieresis \textgravedbl \textasciibreve` \textasciigrave \textrecipe

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Textcomp II

­ \textcircledP© \textcopyright \textservicemark« \textcopyleft® \textregistered \texttrademark° \textdegree½ \textonehalf¼ \textonequarter¾ \textthreequarters= \textminus± \textpmö \textdivÖ \texttimes» \textsurd

0 \textzerooldstyle1 \textoneoldstyle2 \texttwooldstyle3 \textthreeoldstyle4 \textfouroldstyle5 \textfiveoldstyle6 \textsixoldstyle7 \textsevenoldstyle8 \texteightoldstyle9 \textnineoldstyle¹ \textonesuperior² \texttwosuperior³ \textthreesuperior¬ \textlnot

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Textcomp III

¦ \textbrokenbar \textbardbl¶ \textparagraph \textpilcrowO \textbigcircle \textblank \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdiscount~ \texttildelow \textnumero \textestimated§ \textsection' \textquotesingle \textbullet \textopenbullet

n \textmusicalnote< \textlangle> \textrangle[ \textlbrackdbl] \textrbrackdbl \textlquill¡ \textrquill \textcelsiusµ \textmuW \textohmM \textmhob \textbornc \textdivorcedm \textmarriedd \textdiedl \textleaf

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¸ \textreferencemark \textpertenthousand \textperthousand* \textasteriskcentered· \textperiodcenteredª \textordfeminineº \textordmasculine/ \textfractionsolidus- \textdblhyphen \textdblhyphenchar \textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightdblbase \textinterrobang \textinterrobangdown \textthreequartersemdash \texttwelveudash

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Marvosym IInclude \usepackagemarvosym before \begindocument

¤ \EURD \EURdige \EURtmd \EURcrc \EURhv£ \Pfund \Ecommerce¦ \EyesDollar

¢ \Denarius¡ \ShillingW \Anglesign÷ \Squaredot= \Correspondsp \VectorarrowP \Vectorarrowhigh: \MVRightarrow

ˆ \Ankh† \Cross‡ \CeltcrossŒ \Heartý \BatF \FHBOlogof \FHBOLOGO \FullFHBO

þ \Womanfaceÿ \MartinVogel¥ \Bouquetm \MundusY \Yinyang© \Smiley§ \Frownyª \CircledA

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0 \MVZero1 \MVOne2 \MVTwo3 \MVThree4 \MVFour

5 \MVFive6 \MVSix7 \MVSeven8 \MVEight9 \MVNine

~ \Female \FEMALE„ \FemaleFemale… \FemaleMale \Hermaphrodite

| \Male \MALEƒ \MaleMale \Neutral \HERMAPHRODITE

· \Forward¶ \Rewind¸ \ForwardToEnd» \MoveDownº \MoveUp

¼ \ToTop½ \ToBottomµ \RewindToStart¹ \ForwardToIndex´ \RewindToIndex

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Marvosym III

 \Mercuryà \VenusÊ \EarthÄ \MarsÅ \JupiterÆ \SaturnÇ \UranusÈ \NeptuneÉ \PlutoÁ \MoonÀ \Sun

à \Ariesá \Taurusâ \Geminiã \Cancerä \Leoå \Virgoæ \Libraç \Scorpioè \Sagittariusé \Capricornê \Aquariusë \Pisces

s \Cutleftq \CutrightS \Leftscissors

Q \Rightscissorsr \CutlineR \Kutline

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h \BiohazardC \CEsign` \Explosionsafej \Radioactivity

n \BSEfreeJ \Estatically! \Stopsigna \Laserbeam

™ \Lsteelœ \Tsteelš \TTsteel \RoundedTsteelŸ \RoundedLsteel \RoundedTTsteell \Force" \Beam# \Bearing% \Fixedbearing$ \LoosebearingL \Lineload

• \Circsteel“ \Squaresteel” \Rectsteel’ \Hexasteel‘ \Octosteel– \Flatsteel› \Circpipe— \Squarepipe˜ \Rectpipe& \Lefttorque' \Righttorque

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k \Emailt \faxv \FaxmachineE \LightningA \Pickupz \Emailctu \FAXB \Letter

H \MobilefoneT \Telefoni \Info@ \MVAt

® \Bicycleo \FootballZ \PointinghandV \Checkedboxx \Gentsroomy \Ladiesroomw \WheelchairU \ClocklogoI \Industryb \WritinghandK \CoffeecupX \Crossedbox

Í \ComputerMouseÑ \ParallelPortÐ \SerialPort

Î \SerialInterfaceÏ \KeyboardÒ \Printer

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Marvosym VI

« \CleaningA¾ \CleaningF¿ \CleaningFF¬ \CleaningP­ \CleaningPP \Tumbler \NoTumbler¨ \NoChemicalCleaningË \BleechÌ \NoBleech¯ \IroningI° \IroningII± \IroningIII² \NoIroning

Ø \AtFortyÕ \AtSixtyÓ \AtNinetyFiveÛ \ShortThirtyÙ \ShortForty× \ShortFiftyÖ \ShortSixtyÔ \ShortNinetyFiveÚ \SpecialForty‰ \WashCottonŠ \WashSynthetics‹ \WashWoolÜ \HandwashÝ \Dontwash

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Pifont IInclude \usepackagepifont before \begindocument

% \ding37& \ding38' \ding39( \ding40) \ding41* \ding42+ \ding43, \ding44- \ding45. \ding46/ \ding470 \ding481 \ding492 \ding503 \ding514 \ding52

5 \ding536 \ding547 \ding558 \ding569 \ding57: \ding58; \ding59< \ding60= \ding61> \ding62? \ding63@ \ding64A \ding65B \ding66C \ding67D \ding68

E \ding69F \ding70G \ding71H \ding72I \ding73J \ding74K \ding75L \ding76M \ding77N \ding78O \ding79P \ding80Q \ding81R \ding82S \ding83T \ding84

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Pifont II

U \ding85V \ding86W \ding87X \ding88Y \ding89Z \ding90[ \ding91\ \ding92] \ding93^ \ding94_ \ding95` \ding96a \ding97b \ding98c \ding99d \ding100

e \ding101f \ding102g \ding103h \ding104i \ding105j \ding106k \ding107l \ding108m \ding109n \ding110o \ding111p \ding112q \ding113r \ding114s \ding115t \ding116

u \ding117v \ding118w \ding119x \ding120y \ding121z \ding122 \ding123| \ding124 \ding125~ \ding126¡ \ding161¢ \ding162£ \ding163¤ \ding164¥ \ding165¦ \ding166

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Pifont III

§ \ding167¨ \ding168© \ding169ª \ding170« \ding171

¬ \ding172­ \ding173® \ding174¯ \ding175° \ding176± \ding177² \ding178³ \ding179´ \ding180µ \ding181

¶ \ding182· \ding183¸ \ding184¹ \ding185º \ding186» \ding187¼ \ding188½ \ding189¾ \ding190¿ \ding191À \ding192Á \ding193Â \ding194Ã \ding195Ä \ding196Å \ding197

Æ \ding198Ç \ding199È \ding200É \ding201Ê \ding202Ë \ding203Ì \ding204Í \ding205Î \ding206Ï \ding207Ð \ding208Ñ \ding209Ò \ding210Ó \ding211

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Ô \ding212Õ \ding213Ö \ding214× \ding215Ø \ding216Ù \ding217Ú \ding218Û \ding219Ü \ding220Ý \ding221Þ \ding222ß \ding223à \ding224á \ding225â \ding226ã \ding227

ä \ding228å \ding229æ \ding230ç \ding231è \ding232é \ding233ê \ding234ë \ding235ì \ding236í \ding237î \ding238ï \ding239ñ \ding241ò \ding242ó \ding243ô \ding244

õ \ding245ö \ding246÷ \ding247ø \ding248ù \ding249ú \ding250û \ding251ü \ding252ý \ding253þ \ding254

! \ding33" \ding34# \ding35$ \ding36

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ChemarrowInclude \usepackagechemarrow before \begindocument

abcGGGGGGGA

def\autorightarrowabcdef

abcDGGGGGGG

def\autoleftarrowabcdef

abcGGGGGGGBFGGGGGGG

def\autorightleftharpoonsabcdef

abcEGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC

def\autoleftrightharpoonsabcdef

A \chemarrow