EMOTIONS Naveen Raj D.S

EMOTIONS Means ‘to move’. Emotion is a neural impulse that moves an

organism to action. Is a familiar part of our everyday life.

It have 3 components1. Cognitive component 2. Physiological component 3. Conative or Expressive component

Cognitive component

Includes the conscious experience of emotions and the way we label our

emotions

Physiological component

Includes emotional arousal.

Different emotions have different arousal

Conative or Expressive component

Includes body language (gaze, gestures, posture and walk) and para language (intonation, faked smile vs. genuine smile)

EMOTIONS

Hypothalamus and the limbic system of brain operate to regulate emotional reactions.

It is easiest to perceive the emotions of others correctly if the stimulus context is known and if a common culture is shared, though there are individual differences in the ability to send and to receive emotional messages

EMOTIONS

Emotions are usually aroused by external stimuli and the

emotional expression is directed towards the stimuli in the environment that arouses

it.

PRIMARY EMOTIONS

Are those that we feel first, as a response to a situation.

They are our instinctive responses Sometimes they disappear as fast as

they appear

SECONDARY EMOTIONS Appear after primary emotions Caused directly by primary emotions Give a picture of the person’s mental

processing of the primary emotion

• Is a type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotion to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions.

• Social intelligence is the ability to understand and manage men and women to act wisely in human relations

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

It is the ability to identify, use, understand, and manage emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges, and defuse conflict.

Involves abilities that may be categorized into 5 domains1. Self awareness2. Managing emotions3. Motivating oneself4. Empathy5. Handling relationships

SelectionEmotions affect employee effectiveness.Decision MakingEmotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.MotivationEmotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.LeadershipEmotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.

OB APPLICATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONS

Interpersonal ConflictConflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.Customer ServicesEmotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.Deviant Workplace BehaviorsNegative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).Productivity failuresProperty theft and destructionPolitical actionsPersonal aggression

OB APPLICATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONS

values

• Describes belief systems rather than behavioural tendencies

• People don’t always act in ways consistent with their values

• Values involve judgment because they represent an individual’s ideas about what is right, good, or desirable.

• Socio-psychologist Rokeach has defined values as “global beliefs that guide actions and judgements across a variety of situations”.

Characteristics of values

1. Part of culture2. Learned Responses3. Inculcated4. Social Phenomenon 5. Gratifying responses6. Adaptive process – either through dialectical

process or evolutionary process

TYPES OF VALUES

1. Allport’s Values Classification2. Graves’s Classification3. England’s Classification4. Rokeach’s Classification

Allport’s Values Classification

Allport et al classified values into 6 categories based on the orientation of people towards certain things1. Economic – attach importance to what is

useful2. Theoretic – Try to discover truth3. Political – Place great emphasis on power4. Social – Attach importance to love and

affection and care for interest of others and sympathetic

5. Aesthetic – put emphasis on artistic values and harmony. May not be creative but have love for these.

6. Religious – Attach more importance to unity

Graves’s ClassificationClassified values into 5 categories

1. Existentialism – orientation of behaviour

congruent with existing realities

2. Conformistic – orientation towards

achievement of material beliefs through

control over physical resources

3. Sociocentric – orientation with getting people

4. Tribalistic – orientation towards safety by

submitting to power

5. Egocentric – orientation to survival and

power

ENGLAND’S ClassificationClassified values into 2 categories

1. Pragmatic – One who take pragmatic view

of the situation. (Opts for concepts and

actions which appear to him as important

and successful irrespective of good or bad)

2. Moralist – One who is guided by the

ethical considerations of right or wrong,

just or unjust honest or dishonest

Rokeach’s classification

• Classified personal values into two sets of values

1. Terminal values - refers to desirable end-states. These are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime i.e. what a person is ultimately striving to achieve.

2. Instrumental values - refers to preferable modes of behaviour, or means of achieving the terminal values. Individuals may differ in respect of instrumental values for achieving particular terminal value.

• A comfortable life (a prosperous life)• An exciting life (a stimulating, active life)• A sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution)• A world at peace (free of war and conflict)• A world of beauty (beauty of nature and the arts) • Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all)• Family security (taking care of loved ones)• Freedom (independence, free choice)• Happiness (contentedness) • Inner harmony (freedom from inner conflict)

TERMINAL VALUES

• Mature love (intimacy)

• National security (protection from attack)

• Pleasure (an enjoyable, leisurely life)

• Social recognition (respect, admiration)

• True friendship (close companionship)

• Wisdom (a mature understanding of life)

TERMINAL VALUES

Ambitious (hardworking, aspiring)Broad-minded (open-minded)Capable (competent, efficient)Cheerful (light-hearted, joyful)Clean (neat, tidy)Courageous (standing up for your beliefs)Forgiving (willing to pardon others)Helpful (working for the welfare of others)Honest (sincere, truthful)

INSTRUMENTAL VALUES

Imaginative (daring, creative)Independent (self-reliant, self-sufficient)Intellectual (intelligent, reflective)Logical (consistent, rational)Loving (affectionate, tender)Obedient (dutiful, respectful)Polite (courteous, well-mannered)Responsible (dependable, reliable)Self-controlled (restrained, self-disciplined)

INSTRUMENTAL VALUES

ATTITUDE

Attitude is the persistent tendency to feel and behave in a favourable or unfavourable way towards some object, person or ideas

One day Thomas Edison came home and gave a paper to his mother. He told her, “My teacher gave this paper to me and told me to only give it to my mother.”His mother’s eyes were tearful as she read the letter out loud to her child: Your son is a genius. This school is too small for him and doesn’t have enough good teachers for training him. Please teach him yourself.After many, many years, after Edison’s mother died and he was now one of the greatest inventors of the century, one day he was looking through old family things. Suddenly he saw a folded paper in the corner of a drawer in a desk. He took it and opened it up.On the paper was written: Your son is addled [mentally ill]. We won’t let him come to school any more.Edison cried for hours and then he wrote in his diary: “Thomas Alva Edison was an addled child that, by a hero mother, became the genius of the century.”

Thomas Edison

NATURE OF ATTITUDE

• An attitude exists in every person’s mind. • It helps to define our identity, guide our actions,

and influence how we judge people. • Although the feeling and belief components of

attitude are internal to a person, we can view a person’s attitude from his or her resulting behavior.

• Attitude helps us define how we see situations, as well as define how we behave toward the situation or object.

• Attitude provides us with internal cognitions or beliefs and thoughts about people and objects.

• Attitude cause us to behave in a particular way toward an object or person.