Emotional Memory ( The Prefrontal Cortex)

& Phineas Gage

B9902052 陳 黎B9902068 曾資斌

A Gruesome but True Story

Phineas P. Gage (1823 –1860) construction foreman left frontal lobe destroyed effects  ?

"no longer Gage".

左前額葉皮質嚴重損壞

生理機能正常

情緒表現異常

左前額葉與生理機能無關

左前額葉與情緒表現相關

How?

The Limbic System

Before & After

Take a Closer Look……BeforeAfterWhy?? Prefrontal cortex damaged

Emotionallydetached

impatient

erratic

The Lymbic System

Prefrontal cortex(PFC)

Frontal lobe

granularelectrical stimulation

evoke movements

Motor cortexPremotor areaPrefrontal cortex

FunctionImportance?

CEO of the brain

Jiminy cricket“It is the tiny voice help you decide

what is right and wrong.”

When PFC goes wrong…

運作過度……

活動低落…… (lack of dopamine)

What happened to Gage?• Destroyed• Not destroyed

PFC & ADHD意力不足過動障礙症 (過動症 )Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

DisorderWhy? Dopaminedopa decarboxylase 多巴脫羧酵素

Lobotomy 前額葉切離手術

Egas Moniz, 1935

Schizophrenia, clinical depression

Connections to PFC

Reference PHINEAS GAGE : A Gruesome but True Story About Brain Science,

by John Fleischman, 2002 Making A Good Brain Great, by Daniel G. Amen, 2007 認識你的頭腦 , 洪祖培教授、邱浩彰醫師著 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobotomy http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/adhd_c.html http://sanitaryplaza.blogspot.com/2007/07/lobotomy.html