Species of Pennsylvania

Emily EkasPeriod 3

Reasons species become extinct: Pollution Deforestation Disease Commercial Abuse Hunting

Endangered SpeciesSpecies that are close to extinction.

Minimize your use of pesticides

Protect wildlife habitat

Create more nature reserves

Learn more about the species

How can we help prevent endangerment?

Scientific Name: Childonias niger Reason for endangerment: Natural Disasters

Black Tern

Scientific Name: Glaucomys sabrinus macrotisReason for endangerment: Habitat Loss

Northern Flying Squirrel

Scientific Name: Myotis sodalis Reason for endangerment: Human entry into hibernation sites.

Indiana Bat

Scientific Name: Delphinium exaltatumReason for endangerment: Spraying of herbicides alongside roads, where the flower grows, and the expansion of highways.

Tall Larkspur

Scientific Name: Arethusa bulbosaReason for endangerment: Flooding, Predators (white tailed deer), and loss of habitat.

Swamp Pink

Invasive Species

Native Species◦ Species that have evolved in the same area over

a long period of time.Introduced Plants◦ A species that humans have placed in an

ecosystem (either intentionally or accidentally) it rarely occurs naturally.

Invasive Species◦ A species whose introduction is likely to cause

environmental or human harm because they have no natural enemy.

Invasive Species

Personal Travel Shipments of plants and other materials Deliberately imported Some are for aquarium use but find their way into

natural landscapes

How do invasive species get into our country?

How they affect our environments

Disease Increased competition Habitat Destruction

Adelges tsugaeOriginated from Japan and ChinaAccidentally introduced in 1924This insect destroys eastern hemlock species-which are homes to over 90 species of birds and mammals

Hemlock woolly adelgid

Ostrinia nubilalisOriginated from CanadaIntroduced in 1900s from a shipment of corn broomsThis Insect feeds on 250 kinds of plants-losses are very high on sweet pea, peppers, and snap peas

European corn borer

Lissachatina fulicaOriginated from Africa Introduced in 1966 by accidentally arriving on a

Cargo shipThis snail is one of the most damaging snails in the

world-it eats over 500 species of plantsThese snails were used for pets in Africa.

Giant African Snail

Ophiostoma ulmiOriginated from AsiaFirst Detected in Cleveland, Ohio in 1930’sThis Fungus killed over 100 million trees in all

states east of the Rocky Mountains

Dutch elm disease

Cryphonectria parasiticaOriginated from ChinaFirst Detected in N.Y in 1890’sThis Fungus devastated chestnut trees from Maine

to Alabama

Chestnut blight

Reintroduced/Extirpated Species

Reintroduced- The release of an endangered species into the wild.

Reintroduced/Extirpated Species

Extirpated Species- A species that does not exist in the wild in a certain area, but can be found in other areas.

The fisher was trapped to extirpation in Pennsylvania. It was reintroduced in 1994

and has been thriving here ever since.

The Fisher

www.stopextinction.org www.portal.state.pa.us www.cnps.org/cnps/nativeplants/ www.defenders.org/resources/publications/

invasives/pennsylvania.pdf www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/

ja_schlarbaum002.htm www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/microbes/

dutchelm.shtml

Sources Cited