Emilia Franziska Müller,

MdEP

Hanns Seidel Stiftung Korea

Hanns Seidel Foundation Electronic Working Paper

03-03

Emilia Franziska Müller,

MdEP

Corea-Trip 2003

Women in Business

Women in Business

Improved situation for women more and more women are working increasing number of well educated women women want to be independent women give up their typical role as housewives and

mothers many double-income families

Women in Business...some

figures

Qualification 54% of the pupils who get their school-leaving exams are

girls in the European Union:

107 women per 100 men have a professional degree

in Portugal:

134 women per 100 men in Germany:

only 84 women per 100 men

Women in Business

Female employment rate on average 50% of women in the EU are working (72,5%

of men) geographically differed

in the Nordic member states: nearly as many women as men are employed

in Spain and Great Britain: 30% less women than men are employed in Germany: 17.7%

At the summit of the EU in Lisbon 2001 the member states decided: until 2010 female employment rate should be increased up to 60%.

Women in Businessgender pay gap

on the EU-average women earn 25% less money than men

in Denmark: women earn only 8% less than men in Germany: 27% in Portugal, Greece and the Netherlands: 30%

Women in management positions

Very few women are managers, although their grades are often better than the men´s one.

only 8% of the top-managers are women

geographically differed: in France: 20% of the top-managers are women in Great-Britain: 16% in Germany: only 11%

Women as entrepreneurs

only 8% of working women are self employed in the EU (16% men)

in Italy and Greece: 15% in the Nordic States: only 5%

the number of self employed women decreased over the

last 10 years

Politics for women as entrepreneurs

Many countries want to encourage women to become self employed

National examples: Great Britain: - training for self employment for

women who start working again Germany: - program “starter´s money”

- special network for female

entrepreneurs Sweden: - training and workshops WOW-program

(Winning Opportunities for women)

- Credit-programs

- own bank for female entrepreneurs

European Politics for women as managers and entrepreneurs

The European Union encourages special programs

to complete national efforts:

European Social founds - ESFEuropean program - EQUAL

(against discrimination on labour market)

especially for female managers and entrepreneurs

Compatibility of job and family

Nowadays: it´s the women´s goal to combine family and jobwomen mainly work in part time jobs

Guidelines of the EU, i.e. legal protection of expectant mothers:

• at least 14 weeks of paid maternity leave with guaranteed protection against unlawful dismissal

day care facilities for children:• extend offer of public day care centres

European Commission monitors enforcement of guidelines

home job

Initiatives for women in Germany

Financial support for mothers: Maternity leave

Family allowance : – 150€ per month,

– until age 24

Federal child-rearing allowance – max. 307 € per month, depending on the income

– for 2 years

Bavarian child-rearing allowance– during the 3rd year of maternity leave

Guaranteed place in the kindergarten from 3 -6 years

Children´s care - possibilities

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 to 3 years, day nurseries

3 to 6 years, kindergartens

in %