Emerging Trajectories and Globalized Regionalism

Globalization-refers to emergence of borderless economy with its own laws of 

motion

Regionalisms

-Geographic entities (emerging integrated units with shared interests or

identity, e.g., !E", #$%!TE&, !R&'

-phenomenon since post-!econd orld ar international relations(started

with E)R*+E German and rance common steel trading maret which both

countries beneted'

-Regional group arose since /012342. E.g. EE&, *+E&, !E", !R&

-recei5ed new impetus in post-cold war era and after both war world, when

countries learn to trade in a more ci5ilized manner

Shifting paradigms

-a5e of economic policy reforms ($ndia6s loo east policy, &hina6s 7eng 8iao

+ing focus on capitalism'

-Rising globalization (to ride on the wa5e of globalization, benets from it'

-Growth of interdependence between states and institutions( less law

enforcement and regulations from the go5ernment and pri5ate companies,

loo east, india6s la9 in regulations , !ingapore. :;< recognized pri5ate sector

should e5entually tae the lead in economy'

-security concerns

-+ower balance in multi-polar world(!E" with &hina, $ndia and )!,

containment policy in both military and economic'

-sian integration (the failure of Europe econmy and rising sian power such

as china and india'

Erosion of the sovereign power of the state

-E=ects of globalization (countries depend on each other for trade, decrease

the monoloy of great power countries'

-regional economic interdependence (depend trade on its own area, own

neighbor, for e9ample >apan being the ?rd largest e9porter of china'

 

-transnational motilities and identities (diaspora, !ingapore ha5ing /12 ppl

abroad, $ndia communities to !E" and west, china worers e5ident all o5er

the world'

-Globalization and regionalization lead to enhanced integration (unication of

economic3political policies, foreign policies'

Economic Landscape

-Economic nationalism (building of the nation state with its own economic

indi5iduals, consolidation of states in the international system'

-Economic globalization (e9pansion of one or more maret to world scale'

-Economic liberalization leading to greater interplay of maret forces and

conse@uent lessening of economic role of the state (%aret runs to economic,

rather than the stats'

-!ates also compelled to safeguard the economy ()nlie $ndia, where the

state retreat too fast, !ingapore actually prepare to shoulder A2B of the ris

of 5enturing abroad'

Historicizing Asian Regionalism

-irst sian relations conference in "ew 7elhi, by "ehru in /0CA

-!E"(/04A'

-+ost-&old war period D war world(ghting communism D ci5ilized trading'

Regionalism in Southeast Asia

-&oncrete manner3process in /042s

-&reation of !E" in /04A (e5ol5ed its uni@ue way of a5oiding inter-state

conicts

-inancial crisis of /00A, !R!, Tsunami, global e5ents lead !E" realized

the importance of proper structures and mechanism

-Regional cooperation F complement bilateral and multilateral cooperation

-!outh East sian Treaty *rganization (/01C-/0AA'

-!E" ree Trade rea /00 (/001 /00A /000 :aos %yanmar Hietnam

&ambodia'

-!outh East sia Trade *rganization

 

-!E" economic community E& declare in #:$ summit, inpite conicts of

interest

South Asia Geo Political imperatives

-+ost colonial system stop regionalism(#ritish colonial, reluctant, no interest'

-!R& formed in /0I1, and is not 5ery functional

-shift in foreign policy in post-cold war (economic globalization lead economy

close integrated'

-&ollaboration of interest ( india dominance of nowledge, growing rapid,

don6t need neighour'

Constructing a Securit Communit

-!ecurity concerns in sia F Traditional and non-traditional (+aistan J $ndia

relationship, $ndia and &hina relationship, sino india, #angladesh war'

-Regional cooperation and community formation (woring together,

!ingapore and $ndia'

-&ouncil for security &ooperation in sia +acic (&!&+'

-!E" $nstitute of strategic and $nternational !utdies F !E"-$!$!

-Role of )! in inuencing and in5ol5ing itself in the sian security

architecture

Regionalization in a glo!alizing world

-Regionalization with positi5e e=ects of glablization-Enhance human

mobilities, greater e9posure in economic opportunities, remittances

-!ense of belonging, common identity(diaspora'

-Regionalization and the global economy

Singapore

-Economic interdependency a part of its foreign policy

-ims of maing the island city into a primary trading hub

-reects the regional and global interdependence

-Encourage regionalization, asing !ingapore to 5enture out (%obil *il

&orporation and !ingapore economic de5elopment board set up program to

de5elop new generation of managers, sending them o5erseas. !ingapore

go5ernment prepare to shoulder A2B of the ris'

 

-Reects the regional and global interdependence.

Singapore Approach

-Recognized the need for regionalization

-Goh choc tong assert importance to 5entures o5ersea (build on %alaysia

$ndonesia and sean nations, new marets with long term 5iew, be a good

cooperati5e citizens

-Glo5bal 5ision to succeed abroad(gain eKciency in lower labor cost,

e9ploiting superior technology '

-di5ersify from e9cessi5e dependence on !E" and focus on opportunities

such as &hina, $ndia.