Emerging Technology - Class 10

By

Mrs. Saumya Srivastava

Topics to be covered Impact of Emerging Technologies

Artificial Intelligence

Biometrics

Vision Enhancement

Robotics

Quantum Cryptography

Computer Assisted Translation

3D and Holographic Imaging

Virtual Reality

RFID

Concept Keyboard & Driving Wheel

The Future of Optical Media

Updating data on Magnetic Tapes

Utpal Shanghvi School ICT Class 10

Artificial intelligence AI is a computer science that is focused on creating

computer systems that simulate human intelligence.

AI is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software.

AI is being developed in the following areas:

Game Playing: Strategy Games

Expert Systems: Diagnostic &

Decision Making Systems

Natural Language Processing

Robotics


AI – Impacts on everyday life

Accurate Prediction of Weather: To predict

approaching storms & automatically issue warnings.

Increased Leisure Time: Robotic instruments automate

work and reduce time spent. Eg – Automated Vacuum

Cleaners.

Increased Personal Safety: Home Alarm Systems can

protect from intruders.

Improved Medical Care: Robotic surgery assistants and

Diagnostic expert systems provide improved care.


BIOMETRICS Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and

analyze human body characteristics for authentication purposes.

Body Characteristics Used:

DNA

Fingerprints

Eye Retinas

Irises

Voice Patterns

Facial Patterns

Hand Measurements


BIOMETRICS – Impacts on everyday life

Better Airport Security: Iris recognition can be used for travellers.

Increased Building Security: Fingerprint access to building and secure areas ensure entry only to authorized people.

Reduced Car Theft: Registered fingerprints are used to unlock cars and start the engine.

More secure smartphones & computers: Fingerprints and face recognition can be used to identify the true owner.

Identifying DNA patterns for identifying criminals.


BIOMETRICS – Applications Biometric Time Clocks or Biometric time and attendance

systems.

Biometric safes and biometric locks.

Biometric access control systems

Biometrics airport security devices


Vision enhancement Vision Enhancement is ability to see objects with

enhanced clarity and various effects.

It is of two types

Low Vision Enhancement Systems (LVES): It improves

the vision by projecting clearer and larger images and

videos in a headset.

Night Vision Enhancement (NVE): Amplifies infrared

and visible light so that images can be seen in darkness.

Thermo graphic cameras are also used to detect heat

coming from various objects.


ve – Impacts on everyday life Military surveillance at night can help in detecting any

intrusion across borders.

Safer transport and reduced accidents at night.

Providing clear vision to people with very weak eyesight.

To research wildlife activities at night.


robotics Robots are automated machines that can take the place of

humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing

processes.

Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation,

and application of robots.

Four types of Robots:

Manufacturing Robots

Carrier Robots

Domestic Robots

Exploration Robots


robotics – Impacts on everyday life

Faster, cheaper and efficient manufacturing.

Increased unemployment.

Safer working environments: Robots can be used to defuse bombs and study volcanic activities, thus reducing loss of human life.

Improved Medical Surgeries: Robotic assistants are used during surgery to perform complex operations that have to be done with precision.

Increased Personal and Leisure time for humans as most work is done by Robots.


Robotics - applications Medical: Robotic Surgery Assistants

Military: Use of drones for surveillance.

Home Applications: Automated vacuum cleaners and other home appliances.

Electric Mobility: Automated vehicles. Eg – Self parking cars, driverless trains.

Space Research and Extra Terrestrial Exploration: Eg – Mars exploration rover

Search, Rescue & Security Robots: To support rescue and security team during disasters.


Quantum cryptography Cryptography is the science of making a message

unintelligible to any unauthorized user.

Quantum Cryptography is a technique that allows data to

be sent with complete privacy by using photons for encryption instead of mathematical techniques.


QC – Impacts on everyday life Completely Secure:

Voting: Votes cannot be tampered with

Communication: Specially military and confidential

communication.

Bank Transfers: All money transactions over the internet

can be made more secure.

Personal information: Health records, bank details,

biometrics can be kept secure from intruders.


Computer assisted translation (CAT)

CAT is a form of language translation in which a human

translator uses computer software to support and

facilitate the translation process.

Eg - Language search engine software (Google translate)

Tools used:

Terminology Databases: They grow and learn from

translations been carried out.

Translation Memories: Insert known translations

automatically.

Spell Checkers: To correct errors.


Cat – impacts on everyday life Development of a more multi-lingual society.

Quicker & more efficient translations

More accurate translated documents with the help of

spell checkers.


3d & holographic imaging

Holography is a technology that allows 3-D images to be

produced.


3D & HI – impacts on everyday life Greater data storage using holographic computer

memories. A crystal the size of sugar cube can store up

to 1TB.

Better movie and gaming experience with the use of

special effects.

Improved medical diagnostics: Medical imaging tools are

used to see internal structures of the body.

Improved Security: Credit cards, ID cards, software CDs,

bank notes include holograms to prevent forged

duplicacy.


Virtual reality Computers & software are used to create artificial

environments that seem like interacting with real world.

Tools used:

Data goggles

Sensor suits

Data gloves

Data helmets

Special headsets


vr – impacts on everyday life Improved Medical Surgeons who are trained using

virtual patients.

Larger & Stronger buildings as VR allows architects to

walk around their designs.

More effective treatment of phobias.

Training of military personnel in dangerous situations.

More realistic education can be provided to students.

Improved gaming experience

Training pilots using simulators and VR tools.


VR - Applications Military

Education

Healthcare

Entertainment

Fashion

Real Estate

Scientific Visualization

Heritage


Rfid – Radio frequency identification

RFID Readers use radio waves to read and capture

information stored on a tag.

RFID Tag stores digital data. It comprises of 2 parts:

Microchip: To store & process information

Antenna: To receive & transmit data

RFID tags can be read up to 300 feet away.

Tags are battery powered or passive.


Rfid - USes Livestock Tracking: RFID tags are so small that they can

be put under the skin of animals.

Used as a substitute of barcode in Retail Stores to read

product information and track them.

Admission passes: RFID cards can be used to track

people and store information like height or age in theme

parks.

Libraries: Faster tracking of books in and out of the

library.

Used to identify pets.


rfid Advantages Disadvantages

No line of sight contact needed.

Very robust & reliable.

Very fast read rate.

Data can be read from larger distances.

RFID tags are writeable, read & write operations can be done.

Bulk detection is possible.

Are very small & can be placed under the skin.

Tag collision can occur during bulk detection.

Radio waves are easier to jam or interrupt.

Easy to hack into the data on the tag.

Expensive than barcode readers.


Concept Keyboard Driving Wheel

Use icons & phrases instead of standard keys

Used in restaurants where keys represent food items.

Advantages:

Provide faster data entry.

Waterproof keyboards.

Tamper proof.

Disadvantages:

Cannot be used for text or numeric input.

Limited options available.

Input device used a for steering.

Uses:

Game playing (Car racing)

Simulators (Driving classes)

Advantages:

Easier to use due to steering.

Real life driving experience.

Disadvantages:

Expensive compared to joystick.

Very sensitive movements can cause difficulty to operate.


Future of optical media The way floppy disks got extinct during early 21st

century, same fate lies for optical media in coming years.

Reasons:

Lower access and transfer rates of optical media.

Optical media get easily damaged due to scratches &

moving parts.

New computers do not have CD/DVD drives.

Flash memory & Cloud storage are slowly taking over the

storage world.


Updating data on magnetic tape


Emerging Technology - Class 10

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